1、牛津高中英语教学设计单元：Unit 2 Witnessing time 板块：Reading Thoughts on the design: 本节课是一堂阅读课，是以培养学生的阅读能力为主。通过阅读了解雅典卫城的历史、它所受到的破坏以及为了保护卫城所采取的措施，在提高阅读能力的同时进一步强化学生的世界文化遗产保护意识，最后通过拓展讨论，在提升学生表达能力的同时对如何保护身边的名胜古迹有更明确的认识。Teaching aims: After learning the reading, the students will be able to know the general history of
2、 Acropolis, the damage done to the Acropolis and the ways undertaken to preserve this historic site. Also, enable the students to recognize reference markers. Teaching procedures: Step 1 Leading in and brainstorming 1. Lets enjoy some pictures, which country can you think of when seeing the pictures
3、? (ppt 5)(Athens, the capital city of Greece)2. Questions for brainstorming: (PPT6)1) When we talk about Greece, what do you think of?2) Do you know anything about Greece? Possible answers: Aegean sea; First Olympic Games; Athena and mythology; 2004 Olympic games; Elgin Marbles. (PPT7-8) 3) Do you k
4、now the greatest symbol of Athens? The Acropolis.3. Lets enjoy some more pictures about the Acropolis. (PPT9-13) 通过图片复习地名，课前写在黑板上。) Explanation如果学生回答不了有关希腊的问题，则可以用问答的形式引出这些话题。通过有关卫城以及三座神庙的这些图片，引出与文章相关的部分信息，激起学生阅读本文的兴趣，为阅读后面的文章做好铺垫。Step 2 Fast readingActivity 1: First reading (PPT14-15)Read the first
5、 and the second sentences of each paragraph and find out a key noun word or phrase. Activity 2: Second reading (PPT16-17)Read the whole text, and check their key words. Get the structure of the text. Explanation本步骤旨在培养学生快速阅读的策略之一通过本文每段的关键词获得大意，第一遍通过阅读每段开头获得关键词，可以把学生的各种答案写在黑板上，然后第二遍阅读全文检验刚才的哪个关键词最恰当。
6、从而根据关键词理清整篇文章的结构。Step 3 Detailed readingActivity1: Read Part 1&2 in details, trying to answer the following questions. (PPT18)1. What is the great impact on Western civilization? (PPT19) in philosophy, science, mathematics, art, architecture, theatre, politics and sport, the alphabet, marathon2. Whe
7、n, where and why was the Acropolis built? (PPT20) In the 5th century BC. At a high altitude above the city. In honour of Athena.3. Try to get information about the main three temples and their functions. (PPT21) the Parthenon: the largest , statue of the Erechtheum: using six female statues as colum
8、ns the Temple of Nike: the smallest, statue of Activity 2: A gametry to identify the temples according to the information you got just now. (PPT2224)Activity 3: Read part 3, and fill in the form in pairs. (PPT25-26)Activity 4: Read part 4, trying to fill in the form in groups. After finishing, ask t
9、he students to retell the restoration according to the form. (PPT27-28 任务型阅读的解题技巧训练和reference markers的运用方法点拨。) Explanation因本篇文章较长，且专用名词较多，有一定难度，所以分成几个部分进行阅读，每个部分安排了不同形式的阅读任务，通过回答问题、小测试，、填表格、任务型阅读、复述等各种活动使学生熟悉文章内容。尤其在Activity 4 这一活动中设计了类似任务型阅读的表格，训练学生获取信息、处理信息的能力；最后通过复述本部分内容，既锻炼了口语表达能力又为后面的讨论做好了铺垫。St
10、ep 4 Consolidation- the last reading Read the text again, trying to find out four words with the same suffix “tion” to summarize the whole text. (PPT29 )Function Construction Destruction Restoration Explanation整篇文章采用了总分总的方式引导学生逐步深入，让学生再读整篇文章，并归纳出四个带有相同后缀tion的名词，加深学生对文章的了解。Step 5 Discussion Discuss t
11、he following question: (PPT30)As for us, when we travel to the historic sites, e.g. the Tiananmen Square, what should we do so as to protect them? Try using the linking words. (Here the teacher can give some examples or show some pictures if the students have any difficulty.) On one hand, For one th
12、ing,On the other hand, For another,Finally, Besides, Explanation通过切身的经历进行讨论该如何从自身做起去保护遗迹。同时要求用一些标记词进行表达，既锻炼了思维，训练了口语，又增强了行动意识，也为Task中关于标记词的学习做好了铺垫。Step 6 Homework (PPT31) 1. Finish the exercise C2 on page20 and E on page 21 of our textbook. 2. Read the passage “Architecture in ancient Greece ”on the
13、 paper. Explanation完成书后作业，巩固上课的内容。阅读有关希腊建筑风格的文章，拓展学生视野。老师还可根据实际情况让学生上网搜索更多有关希腊的知识。Appendix: Architecture in ancient GreeceGreek life was dominated by religion and so it is not surprising that the temples of ancient Greece were the biggest and most beautiful. They also had a political purpose as they
14、 were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to the patron deity of a city for success in war. Greek Temple ArchitectureThe Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are: Dor
15、ic, Ionic, and Corinthian.DoricThe Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily.Ioniche Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). Th
16、is style was found in eastern Greece and the islands.CorinthianThe Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.Doric Order:Parthenon - temple of Athena Parthenos (Virgin), Greek goddess of wisdo
17、m, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known.Ionic Order:Erechtheum - temple from the middle classical per
18、iod of Greek art and architecture, built on the Acropolis of Athens between 421 and 405BC.The Erechtheum contained sanctuaries to Athena Polias, Poseidon, and Erechtheus. The requirements of the several shrines and the location upon a sloping site produced an unusual plan. From the body of the build
19、ing porticoes project on east, north, and south sides. The eastern portico, hexastyle Ionic, gave access to the shrine of Athena, which was separated by a partition from the western cella. The northern portico, tetrastyle Ionic, stands at a lower level and gives access to the western cella through a
20、 fine doorway. The southern portico, known as the Porch of the Caryatids (see caryatid) from the six sculptured draped female figures that support its entablature, is the temples most striking feature; it forms a gallery or tribune. The west end of the building, with windows and engaged Ionic column
21、s, is a modification of the original, built by the Romans when they restored the building. One of the east columns and one of the caryatids were removed to London by Lord Elgin, replicas being installed in their places. The Temple of Apollo at Didyma - The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma
22、, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19.5 m (64 ft) high, these ruins suggest the
23、 former grandeur of the ancient temple. The Temple of Athena Nike - part of the Acropolis in the city of Athens. The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the inter
24、ior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19.5 m (64 ft) high, these ruins suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple. Corinthian Order:- most ornate of the classic orders of architecture. It was also the latest, not ar
25、riving at full development until the middle of the 4th cent. B.C. The oldest known example, however, is found in the temple of Apollo at Bassae (c.420 B.C.). The Greeks made little use of the order; the chief example is the circular structure at Athens known as the choragic monument of Lysicrates (
26、335 B.C.). The temple of Zeus at Athens (started in the 2d cent. B.C. and completed by Emperor Hadrian in the 2d cent. A.D.) was perhaps the most notable of the Corinthian temples. AcropolisAcropolis in Greek means The Sacred Rock, the high city. All around the world the Acropolis of Athens is known
27、 as The Acropolis. There are many Acropolises in Greece but the Acropolis of Athens is the best known. The Acropolis is primarily dedicated to the Goddess Athena. But humans from the prehistoric era have populated the Acropolis and the caves around it. Situated in the middle of Athens, many myths, f
28、estivals and important events are connected to the sacred Acropolis. The Acropolis echoes the grandeur and the power of the Athenian empire. ParthenonWork began on the Parthenon, built on the Acropolis, in 447 BC to replace an existing temple which was destroyed by the Persians in 480 BC and cost 46
29、9 silver talents to build. The work began under the orders of Pericles to show the wealth and exuberance of Athenian power. The name of the building most likely came from a cult statue of Athena Parthenos housed in the eastern room of the building. This magnificent structure was built of ivory and g
30、old and was sculptured by the renowned sculptor Phidias. As with most buildings on the Acropolis it was dedicated to Athena to thank the Goddess for their success. The Parthenon was finally finished in 432 BC and was to show the world the dominance and power of Athens. The vast majority of the money
31、 used in the construction came from the Delian League funds. The Delian League was a treaty between the Greek states in league against the Persian Empire. However two years before work started on the Parthenon, the Athenians had struck a peace treaty with the Persians ending the war, although the Le
32、ague continued to exist. It is believed that because of this the league stopped being a mutual defence against Persia but part of the Athenian Empire. This theory was reinforced when Athens moved the Leagues treasury from the Pan-Hellenic sanctuary at Delos to the Parthenon (Opisthodomos room). Not
33、only was the Parthenon a magnificent structure to look at, but it also showed Athenian dominance over the rest of the Greek peninsula and that Athens was its Greek imperial master. SculptureGreek art and sculpture has had a profound effect throughout the ages. Many of the styles have been reproduced
34、 and copied by some of what the modern day audiences would class as some of the finest artists to have ever lived e.g. Michelangelo. Western art and sculpture derived from Roman art, while in the East, Alexander the Greats conquest gave birth to Greco-Buddhist art, which has even had an influence as
35、 far as Japan all of which stem from ancient Greek art. The Greeks used many different types of materials in their sculptures including stone, marble and limestone as these were abundant in Greece. Other materials such as clay were also used but due to their brittle nature very few have survived. Gr
36、eek sculptures are very important as the vast majority of them tell us a story about Gods, Heroes, Events, Mythical Creatures and Greek culture in general. Many of the statues that have survived are actually of Roman origin. Like many people today the Romans had a deep respect for Greek sculptures a
37、nd many were copied. If the Romans had not made these copies, many of the Greek Legends and stories that we know today would have been lost to antiquity. Greek sculptures are mainly divided into 7 time periods - Mycenaean Art, Sub-Mycenaean or Dark Age, Proto-Geometric, Geometric Art, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic.
