1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 第一版块|核心单词1.summarize vt.概述；摘要(教材P6)Then make a short summary in a table or mind map.然后在表格或思维导图中做一个简短的总结。make a summary 做总结in summary 总的来说，归纳起来to summarizeto sum up 总结起来/总而言之词汇拓展：a summary report一个总结性报告issue a summary statement concerning sth就某事发布一则简要的声明give a su
2、mmary of sth对某事进行简要陈述即学即练完成句子主持人将对本次活动进行总结。The host will_about this activity.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。_， this was a disappointing performance.标题通常也概括了作者的主要观点。Captions usually_ (summary) the authors main point as well.2.download vt.下载 n下载；已下载的数据资料(教材P6)I have downloaded that free app, but it doesnt work well.我已
3、下载了那个免费应用软件，但它运转不好。download a game 下载游戏download a software 下载软件download an app 下载一个应用程序download a document 下载文件联想：upload vt.上传(upload)upload.to a computer system把上传到电脑系统即学即练单句语法填空Whats Stevens attitude towards people_ (download) his music?Im happy that my 80yearold grandma has learned how to downloa
4、d _ the Internet.The information is_(upload) to a central computer system _ my computer.3.entrance n入口；进入(教材P6)We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.我们在大金字塔的入口处遇见了一位专业的考古学家。(1)入口(处)，大门(口)，入口通道entrance to. 的入口/门口(to表示“对象”“方向”)the entrance to the school 学校入口处the fron
5、t/back/side entrance of the house 房子的前门/后门/侧门(2)进入；进入权；进入许可gain entrance to 获得进入的许可an entrance fee 入场费entrance examinations 入学考试Entrance to the museum is free.进入博物馆参观是免费的。The police were unable to gain entrance to the house.警方未能得到进入这栋房子的许可。词语积累：(1)enter v进入；参加enter for报名参加enter the room进入房间(2)反exit
6、n出口，通道；退场the exit of的出口学法点拨：表示“的入口”时，entrance后跟介词to，与此结构相同的短语还有许多。如：the answer to the question (问题的答案)，the key to the door (门的钥匙)，the solution to the problem (问题的解决办法)。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Guests have free entrance_the swimming pool and the health club.His sudden_ (enter) took everyone by surprise.After h
7、e found the entrance _the building, he _ (enter) the hall without making a sound.Ill be waiting for you at the exit_Guangzhou Station.Dont worry. There is no doubt that we will find a solution _ the problem._ (的入口) the meeting room has already been closed._ (成功的关键)is hard work.Theres _ (没有简单的解决办法)th
8、is problem.4.exit n出口；通道 vi. & vt.出去；离去(教材P6)What is an exit？什么是出口？exit from/through 从离开/出去emergency/fire exit 紧急出口/消防门make a quick exit 迅速离开联想拓展：make an early exit from the meeting提前离开会场entrance n大门(口)；入口(处)the entrance to.的入口We made for the nearest exit.我们走向最近的出口。Exit immediately from the nearest
9、emergency exit; do not use a lift.立即从最近的紧急出口撤离；不要乘坐电梯。即学即练单句语法填空He left the theatre _ the near exit.He made an quick exit _ the house on fire.He exited the room _ the back door.5process n过程；进程；步骤 vt.处理；加工(教材P6)He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.他向我们解释了建造如此困难的结构的过程。
10、in the process 同时；在过程中in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中be in process (某事)正在进行词语积累：processed adj.经加工的，加工过的Its a normal part of the learning process.这是学习过程中的正常现象。We are in the process of selling our house.我们正在出售自家的住宅。Changes are in process.变化正在发生。语境助记：Most of the food we buy is processed in so
11、me way.我们买的大部分食品都用某种方法加工过。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Increasing the number of women in top management jobs will be _ slow process.Some people dont like _ (process) vegetables.Her novel _ (正在) being turned into a television series.He was playing basketball and got his leg hurt _ (同时)Studies have shown that the r
12、ight and left ear _ (处理声音不同)第二版块|单元语法限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句即学即练1单句语法填空1They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.2On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.3Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual word
13、s but not full sentences.4The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.5We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.6Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minute
14、s a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.7The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million t
15、ons.8Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.9Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.10The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great i
16、nventions.11I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.12Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.13.Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.14The boss of the company is trying to create an easy at
17、mosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.15As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.即学即练2完成句子1她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。Her sister, _， will go abroad next year.2这就是怀特先生，你等了很久的人。Here is Mr. White, _ a long time.3她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。She has found
18、 the necklace _.4他写过很多儿童书籍，将近一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。He wrote many childrens books, nearly _ in the 1990s.一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which
19、, as；关系副词有where, when, why。This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher.在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妇的隔壁， 他们的孩子经常吵闹。2非限制性定语从句非限制性定语
20、从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。He is English, which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较1形式不同限
21、制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：This is the best novel that I have e
22、ver read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句， which指代前面整句话的内容)3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用which代替that, for
23、which代替why。Most people didnt vote for him, which disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。(which指代前面整句话内容)I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.这就是我们
24、正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The old man have three sons, whom he is proud of.这位老人有三个儿子，他以他们为骄傲。(非限制性定语从句)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。This is a good film (
25、which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near. 暑假就要来了，对此我们盼望已久了。(非限制性定语从句)(4)非限制性定语从句由“介词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。Seven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of whom (of whom four) were badly
26、 injured.七人被困在星期五发生的大火里，其中四人严重受伤。I have bought two pens, both of which write well.我买了两只钢笔，都好用。基础知识自测.单句语法填空1Mr. Green said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China.2We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.3_ is known to us all, the rare vas
27、e dates back to the Ming Dynasty.4Tom is a warm-hearted person, _ is willing to help others.5He bought me a valuable bike, _ is worth more than 1,000 yuan.6The old man has two daughters, both of _ work as doctors.7I still remember the summer holiday _ we made a journey to Beijing.8The famous singer,
28、 _ is from Britain, has a number of devoted fans in China.9We have got to the stage _ the Internet plays an important part in our daily life.10The way _ he worked out the problem is worth considering.11The weather turned out to be very cold, _ was more than we could expect.12I can remember the days
29、_ we spent in the countryside together.13He broke the valuable vase, _ made his mother upset.14There are a lot of islands in China, the largest of _ is Taiwan.15This was the reason _ he took apart the machine.16This is the room _ my grandma used to live.17This is the room _ my grandma used to live i
30、n.18Today is Stephen Hawkings 70th birthday, _ is one of the most famous scientists in the world.19_ we had expected, the football team won the game again.完成句子1众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。_， China is a great country with a long history.2我们需要与同学和睦相处，我们可以与他们分享我们的共同之处。We need to get along well with classmate
31、s, _ whatever we have in common.3我们可以在课间休息20分钟，这时学生们可以放松。Between the lectures is a 20 minutes break, _.4我不知道为什么他没有像往常一样来上学。I dont know the reason _.5学校商店假期不营业，它的主要顾客是学生。The school shop, _， is closed for the holidays.学科素养提升.短文语法填空Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wond
32、er in the development of Chinese science. 1._ (build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering 2._ (achieve) is still used today.In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 3._ (suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow fr
33、om the Minjiang River. 4._ (help) the victims (受害者) of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. Li designed a series of channels (水渠) built at different levels along mountains that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing na
34、turally. 5._ (good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 6._ suitable for farming.Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 7._ (peaceful). Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists around the world because unlike mod
35、ern dams 8._ the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, 9._ (enable) ecosystem (生态系统) and fish populations to exist 10._ harmony.Section Discovering Useful Structures 语法精讲难点透析第一版块|核心单词1make a summaryIn summarysummarize2downloadingfro
36、muploadedfrom3toentrancetoenteredoftoThe entrance toThe key to successno simple solution to4throughfromthrough5aprocessedis in the process ofin the processprocess sound differently第二版块|单元语法即学即练11who/that2.that/which3.where4.who5.when6.that/which7.that/which8.who/that9.where10.that/which11whose12.whi
37、ch13.which14.where15.when即学即练21who teaches us English2whom youve been waiting for3(that)/which she lost two weeks ago4half of which were published课时达标随堂自测.单句语法填空1that2.when3.As4.who5.which6.whom7.when8who9.where10.that/in which11.which12.that/which13.which14.which15.why16.where17.that/which18.who19As.完成句子1As is known to us2with whom we can share3when the students can get relaxed4why he didnt come to school as usual5whose customers are mainly students.短文语法填空1Built2.achievement3.suffering4.To help5.Better6.it7.peacefully8.where9.enabling10.in
