1、Unit 5Languages around the WorldPeriod 3Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课 关系副词和“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,体会黑体词的用法。1.There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.2.Over the years,the system developed into different for
2、ms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.3.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.4.It dates back several thousand years to t
3、he use of longguanimal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.【生成得】(1)关系副词引导的定语从句是指由关系副词_、_和_引导的定语从句。(2)“_+_”引导的定语从句是相当于相应的关系副词引导的定语从句。whenwherewhy介词关系代词【研学析】.关系副词(when、where和why)引导的定语从句关系副词when、where、why在句中的作用如下:(1)分别指表示时间、地点、原因的先行词;(2)在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语;(3)连接先行词和定语
4、从句。1.关系副词when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词,且该时间名词与某些介词搭配,在定语从句中充当时间状语。(1)I cant forget the year when I studied English in Peking University.(when=_)我忘不了我在北京大学学习英语的那一年。(2)(2019全国卷)There are times when your heart is not in your work.(when=at times)有些时候,你的心不在工作上。in the year【点拨迷津】当先行词是表示时间的名词,但是它在定语从句中当主语或宾语时,关
5、系词不用when而是使用that或which。如:Do you remember the days(that/which)we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗?2.关系副词where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词,且该地点名词与某些介词搭配,在定语从句中充当地点状语。(1)(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage _she can say individual words but not full sentences.(where=in the age)他们的孩子正处于这样的阶段,她只会
6、说单个的词不会说完整的句子。(2)The house stands at the place _the two roads meet.(where=at the place)这所房子坐落在两条路交会的地方。wherewhere【点拨迷津】当先行词是表示地点的名词,但是它在定语从句中当主语或宾语时,关系词不用where而是使用that或which。如:This is the house that/which was built by my grandfather forty years ago.这是我爷爷四十年前建的那座房子。3.关系副词why 引导的定语从句其先行词是reason,且该词与介词
7、for搭配,在定语从句中充当原因状语。(2019浙江高考)There are several reasons _school uniforms are a good idea.校服为什么是个好主意,有几个原因。【点拨迷津】当reason作先行词时,如果它在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词只能用that或which或者省略。The reason _he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to come.他给出的他不来的原因是他母亲不让他来。why(that/which).“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.该类定语从句中的“
8、介词+关系代词”相当于某个关系副词。具体如下:(1)when或者where相当于“in/on/at/.+which”The date when(=_)I joined the Party was October 12.我入党的日期是10月12日。The house where(=_)Mark lived is now a library.马克居住的那座房子现在是一座图书馆。on whichin which(2)why=for whichThe reason why(=_)he failed was his laziness.他失败的原因是懒惰。2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的选择有
9、三个原则:(1)根据先行词的搭配习惯确定;for which(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯确定;(3)根据定语从句所表达的意义确定。*Can you see the river across which there is a bridge?你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗?【内化用】.用适当的介词填空Some high school graduation classes meet every ten years.They usually have dinners,recall the times 1._which they were young,and exchange informati
10、on about what they are doing today.Some classes have reunions in the schools 2._which they first met.Others have their reunions in nice restaurants.The reason 3._which they meet regularly is that they continue their good relationship and friendship.ininfor.完成句子1.(2019天津高考)By opening a novel,I can le
11、ave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world _I am now a new character.2.(2019天津高考)Our mission is to create a welcoming environment _residents feel comfortable,safe and a sense of belonging.3.(2019浙江高考)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas _ trees had suffered the grea
12、test water shortage.in which/wherein whichwhere【常温故勤总结】(1)口诀一:关系副词三弟兄,when,where,why要分清。先行词指有分工,时、地、原因各不同。先行词入定从中,如果作状分得明。关系副词有神通,连接二者显本领。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句用法(2)口诀二:介词关代引定从,功能相当关副用。选用介词有规律,一先二动三意义。短语搭配须多记,选好用对勤练习。.用适当的关系词或介词填空1.One night _my mum and all her cousins attended a concert,she came across m
13、y dad and uncle.2.Here are seven reasons _you should join the army.3.We have entered into an age _dreams have the best chance of coming true.4.Your personal information online may lead to a situation _hackers can easily get your mothers name.5.I dont know the reason _he came so late.课时素养达标whenwhywhe
14、nwherewhy6.The tower _which people can have a good view is on the hill.7.The course normally attracts about 100 students per year,of _up to half will be from abroad.8.This is the hotel where/at _they stayed last month.9.Do you like the book _which she paid$10?10.Do you like the book _which she learn
15、ed a lot?11.Do you like the book _which she often talks?fromwhomwhichforfromabout.完成句子用关系副词(when/where/why)完成句子1.这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。This is the museum _.2.我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。We live in an age _easily than ever before.3.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。The reason _was that he got up late.where we saw the famous paintingwhe
16、n people can communicate morewhy he was late用介词+关系代词完成句子4.他们找寻的文件已经找到了。The documents _have been found.5.这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。This is the teacher _.6.你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。The man _just now is my English teacher.7.我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。Ill never forget the day _.for which they were searchingfrom whom weve learned
17、 a lotto whom you were talkingon which I joined the Party8.父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。The factory _is in the east of the city.9.我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。None of us knew the reason _from the meeting.10.我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。Great changes have taken place in the city _.in which my father worksfor which Tom was absentin which I was born本课结束
