1、The Sixth Period WritingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语informal, aspect, applicant, appropriate, enthusiastic, at the site of, be physically fit, look forward to, in basic accommodationb. 重点句子I am writing to apply forThere is an opportunity forand work onI would be grateful if y
2、ou couldMake sure you put your address onStudents who apply should beand should know2. Ability goals能力目标Enable students to write a formal letter of application. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help students learn how to write an application letter for a certain purpose according to the procedures learn
3、ed in this module.Teaching important and difficult points教学重难点 How to organize the opening and closing of an application letter.Teaching methods教学方法Task-based teachingTeaching aids教具准备A recorder, a projector, a computerTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I RevisionCheck the homework. Ask a student
4、 to read his/her summary to the class. One possible summary of Secrets of the Terracotta Army:Emperor Qin Shihuang was a great and famous king in the Chinese history because he unified China and turned Qin into a state of great prosperity and strength. He had his mausoleum constructed so as to have
5、a better life after his death. The project took 37 years and it was a disaster to the working people of the dynasty during that time. The large number of life-size Qin figures are of high artistic value as sculptures of human figures and are invaluable material for the study of the history, military
6、 affairs and culture of china several thousand years ago.Then ask some general questions on Writing a formal letter in PRESENTATION SKILLS.T: What is the difference between a formal letter and an informal letter?S: A formal letter is written to someone unknown or unfamiliar to the writer while an in
7、formal letter is usually sent to a friend or a family member, in which informal contractions are used.T: What kind of letters are formal letters? Or in which situation do you need to write formal letters?S: Business letter is formal letters. Application letter is also formal letter. T: Right! Today
8、we will learn how to write a formal letter of application.Step II Pre-writingT: Turn to page 37. Please read the tips in Learning to learn.After students have finished readingT: Now lets read the letter on page 38 and decide if it is a formal letter or informal letter. Let students find answers to t
9、he questions in activity 1. Suggested answers:1. This is a formal letter because it has formal openings and endings and uses formal vocabulary.2. Li Chen has written the letter because they want to invite some applications from a number of schools to work on the site of the Qin tombs. 3. Mr Wu must
10、be a school leader.4. This job would be interesting because the students are asked to do various simple tasks and its a wonderful chance to learn about archaeology. Besides, basic accommodation, free meals and a small wage will be offered.Let students summarize the opening and ending of the letter,
11、and then check their findings with the summary on page 38 (Opening and closing a formal letter).T: Now make notes about what a successful applicant is likely to be in the aspects of personal qualities, interests and experience. Ask the students to work in groups and write down their notes. Sample no
12、tes:Personal qualities: physically fit aged 16 to 18 willing to work hard informed of some knowledge about the Qin dynasty and the terracotta warriorsInterests: enthusiastic about ancient China interested in archaeology Experience: school experiencefamiliar with various simple tasksT: Since you have
13、 known something about the application letter, please try to plan a letter of application for the job offered in the letter. You may use the notes you made in activity 2 to describe why you might be a successful applicant.Step III WritingT: Well, Id like you to write a letter of application in reply
14、 to Li Chens letter, please look at activity 4 on page 38. Read the instructions carefully and plan your letter following the instruction and write an application letter.Give students a few minutes to compose their letters.T: When you have finished the first draft of the letter, show it to your part
15、ner. Let him / her give you help with the content, grammar and spelling. Then revise your letter and make a final version.Sample letter: No. 4 Siiyi Road 714235 Xian, P. R. China 26. March, 2006Dear Mr Li Chen,I am writing to apply to work on the site in your group during the summer holidays. As a s
16、tudent aged 17, Im now studying in Senior grade two in Xian middle school, which is about 20 km away from my hometown. In school I study many subjects such as, politics, maths, Chinese, English, and history geography, etc. Of all the subjects I like English and history most and Im enthusiastic about
17、 the Qin Dynasty and the Terracotta Warriors because Ive learnt a lot about it in our English books and I envy the writer, who was lucky enough to help work in the Qin tombs. Im in good health and I usually help my parents with housework during the weekends, therefore Im sure it can be enjoyable for
18、 me to do simple tasks in the tomb. Im determined to work hard if I have an opportunity to realize my dream and learn about archaeology during the summer holidays. Whats more, Ill spare no effort to work harder with the help of the archaeologists because I can live on the site in basic accommodation
19、 and receive free meals and a small wage.I would be grateful if you would consider employing me in your team. I look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely,Li HuaStep IV Writing and speaking (workbook)T: Since there is little time left, lets finish the writing task on page 108. Look at the pict
20、ure of Queen Elizabeth. The passage below tells us something about her. Read the passage and answer the three questions. That is to say, find out what each passage tells about. Suggested answers:1. Paragraph two2. Paragraph one3. Paragraph threeT: This is a text structure you should remember in writ
21、ing about some famous figures in history. That is, first give some background information about the figure; then tell a famous story about him/her; finally discuss what the story reveals about him/her. Next, lets talk about famous figures in Chinese history. Let students work in pairs and tell each
22、other stories about some famous figures in Chinese history. Then let them find some background information about the figure they just talked about and make notes following the sample in activity 16. Take Confucius for example:Date of birth/ death551-479 B.C.Place of birthin State of Lu, Qufu county,
23、 Shandong province in ChinaReason for being famousthe founding father of ConfucianismImportant achievementsgreat educator, thinker, renown politicianFamous quotationAmong three persons walking, there ought to be one qualified as my teacher; choose their strong points to learn from, and use their wea
24、knesses to check and correct my own (三人行, 必有我师焉； 择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。)Famous story about him/herBeing stopped rudely at the door of a rich family when his parents diedWhat the story reveals about him/herNot get discouraged but kept forging aheadT: Ok, next, try to write a short composition with three-pa
25、ragraph-structure, using your notes. If time is limited, let students finish their composition after class. Sample composition:Confucius was a Chinese philosopher (551-479 B.C.) whose ideas molded Chinese society for thousands of years, and whose influence still penetrates contemporary China. Confuc
26、ius Way was a path of moral development and related social responsibility; the perfectly virtuous man would be the center of a well-regulated family and broadening out of harmonious social order.There are many meaningful stories about him. When he was seventeen, his mother died. He buried his mother
27、 in the grave where his deceased father were, and became an orphan. Soon, Ji SunZi, an aristocrat in State of Lu was having a grand dinner party for nobilities. The newly orphaned KongZi, still in his mourning apparel, tried to attend the party but was stopped rudely at the door by Ji SunZis family
28、servant, YangHu, who ridiculed him, Master Ji is dining celebrities, not you! Suffering from this humiliation, Confucius didnt get discouraged, instead he roused himself up more and kept forging ahead eventually, he became famous for being an expert of knowing Li, the rituals. At that time, MengZi,
29、a senior official from feudal state of Lu, was very sick. Thinking that hes about to die, he advised his sons: .I heard that KongZis posterity, even though not being influential or in power, surely were the persons of understanding and versed. Now he being young and loving, is certainly a sage. I wi
30、ll die soon, you two must become his students Later when MengZi died, his two sons went on to become Confucius s students, learning 礼 Li from him. This story reveals that the social activities and experiences in Confuciuss teenage years helped gradually form his Confucianism. Confucianism attached i
31、mportance to morality and promote courtesy and righteousness; It was because of his inferior rank, impoverished life, and humble background, he was able to discern the maladies of the society, and in turn to propose a system curing them. His teenage life had established the important foundation form
32、ing his Confucianism.附 件It用法难点讲练一、It作形式主语, 为了保持句子平衡，it常置于句首，可代替主语从句、不定式、动名词等真正的主语。e.g. It is well known that our team has won the football match.It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language well.It took him ten years to learn to draw a beautiful horse.It was pleasant and comfortable sitting th
33、ere.注意：1. 用作形式主语，代表that引导的从句。这种从句中的谓语有时需要用虚拟气。e.g. Its very important that he should go to the school of Art.It was her suggestion that I should come round to you. 2. 在以主语从句开头的句中，一般只能用whether引导。而在以it为形式主语的主语从句中，表示“是否”之意时，通常用whether或if引导均可。 e.g. It isnt decided if /whether he will be sent to the hosp
34、ital or not.比较Whether he will be sent to the hospital isnt decided yet.3. 注意特殊疑问词和引导词that不可同时使用。e.g. It is unknown that when we will take the exam.此句应改为：It is unknown when we will take the exam.二、It作形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词、宾语从句。e.g. He made it a rule to speak in public at least once every week.However I thin
35、k it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreements. I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to talk so much.注意：1. it作形式宾语时，一般在其后接名词或形容词作宾语补足语，然后才能接真正的宾语从句，但用在love, like, enjoy, hate, make, resent(怨恨), swallow(容忍), have（坚持说）, put（提议）, swear, hide（隐瞒）, take（认为）, appr
36、eciate（感谢）, let out等动词后作形式宾语时，其后直接跟真正的宾语从句，而不接宾语补足语。 e.g. I enjoy it when the sun shines bright and then we can take a walk on the beach. He soon made it clear why he had asked for a conference. How can he swear that he saw the accident himself?2. it作形式宾语时，还可用于“动词+介词”构成的短语动词后面。e.g. They will see to
37、it that the boy goes to school on time. Im counting on it that Jim will come as well.3. 在由“动词+it+介词（短语）”构成的固定词组中，it 作形式宾语，宾语从句置于句末。常用固定词组有owe it to(归功于) ; leave it to（由决定）; bear it in mind（记住）; put it to（提出；让考虑）; rub it into（向。一再强调）; put it into ones head（使某人想起）等。e.g. Something put it into her head
38、that he was a beggar. Ill leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.三、 it用于强调主语中，可强调主语、宾语、状语。一般强调句型为: It is/was +被强调部分+that/who(强调主语人时)+其余部分；此句型谓语部分为单数，其检验的方法是，去掉it is/was, that/who 后前后部分可以连成一个完整的句子。e.g. It was because he was ill that he didnt attend the meeting.When was it that he was
39、killed in the traffic accident? It was not until ten o clock the next morning that he came back.精练1. -Have you seen a deer alive in the woods? - Yes, Ive seen _.A. it B. that C. such D. one2. They may depend on _ that all the goods will be sent abroad in time. A. which B. it C. whom D. these3. Someo
40、ne is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C .who is it D. who it is4. Does _ matter whether he can finish the homework on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it5. _ used to be thought that the earth was square.A. He B. What C. It D. That6. _ five years since I joined the army.A.
41、 There was B. There is C. It was D. It is7. The students had to be patient because it _ some time _ they got the full results.A. had been; until B. has been; since C. would be; before D. was; after8. _ being March 12th, they planted the trees on the hills.A. That B. It is C. It D. This9. He lived in
42、 poverty, and he couldnt help _.A. such B. so C. it D. that10. The boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time, he came up again. A. what B. that C. it D. which11. - Was that the new teacher who walked by just now? -_.A. It must have been B. It must be that C. He must be D. This mu
43、st have been12. Our classroom is very clean. I wonder who _ cleaned it?A. was it that B. it was that C. was it who D. he was13. Its the fourth time _ arrived late this month.A. that you B. when you C. that youve D. when youve14. He said, “_ a long way to school. _ a long way to go yet before we arri
44、ved.”A. It is; There is B. There is; It is C. It is; It is D. There is; There is15. _ is no difference between A and B.A. There B. Where C. It D. What16. _ the people have become the master of their own country _ science can really serve the people.A. It is only then; that B. It was that; when C. It
45、 is only when; that D. It was when; then17. Now then, children. Its high time you _ and dressed.A. washed B. should washed C. were washed D. are washed18. She finds _ boring _ at home.A. it; staying B. that; being stayed C. this; to stay D. it; stayed19. _for the free tickets, I would not have gone
46、to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Where it not C. Had it not been D. If they were20. How long _ to finish your composition? A. will it take you B. will take you C. you will take it D. you will take21. _ is not like him to do something different from everybody else.A. There B. He C. It D. Who
47、22. What I want to tell you is _; The meeting is put off until Friday.A. this B. it C. that D. its23. The public expressed _ concern about the accident.A. its B. their C. its D. his24. -Tom was nearly killed by a truck once. - When was _? -_ was in 2000_ he was in a middle school.A. that; It; when B
48、. that; It; that C. this; That; that D. this; It; when25. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working?A. you B. it C. him D. this26. - My grandmother is 70 years old. -Really? She doesnt look _.A. it B. young C. this D. her27. -May I use your calculator? -_.A. Here is
49、 it B. Here are you C. Here is it coming D. Here you are28. _ is no good _ without doing anything.A. This; talking B. It; talk C. It; talking D. That; to talk29. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -Theyre equal in price to, if not cheaper than, _ at the other stores.A. others B. it C. that
50、 D. the ones30. Mr. Smith thought _ a great honor to be invited to speak to all of us.A. that B. this C. it D. herKey:1-5 DBDDC 6-10 DCCCA 11-15 ABCAA 16-20 CCACA 21-25 CABAB26-30 ADCDCIII. 文化背景知识Emperor Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta WarriorsThe First Emperor was born in 259 BC. His name was Ying
51、Zheng. Officially his father was Zhuang Xiang, the future king of Qin, one of Chinas seven feudal states. But Zhengs mother had previously been the concubine of a wealthy merchant named Lu Buwei, and rumor had it that Zheng was really Lu Buweis son.In 246 BC, when Zheng was 13, his father became kin
52、g but soon died, leaving Zheng to ascend the throne. His mother and Lu Buwei served as regents. During this time, Zhengs mother, Zhao Ji, had an affair with a man named Lao Ai, whom she and Lu Buwei passed off as a eunuch. When King Zheng learned the truth, Lao Ai tried to lead a revolt against the
53、king, but he failed. King Zheng now in his early 20s had the false eunuch executed, and removed his mother and Lu Buwei from power. Later, accused of involvement in another plot against the king, Lu Buwei committed suicide by taking poison.After the sex scandal, King Zheng personally took charge of
54、his kingdom and set about expanding it. He was a fierce military leader and a clever diplomat, and before he was 40 he had unified the previously warring Chinese states. He gave his empire a single currency, a standardized system of weights and measurements, and a common written language. He was als
55、o responsible for the construction of the Great Wall of China, which remains one of the largest man-made objects in existence.A ruthlessly brutal dictator, Zheng sought to control the minds of his people by killing scholars and burning most of the books in China. No longer content to be called king,
56、 he gave himself the title Shi Huangdi, First August God, or First Emperor. His son would be the Second Emperor, and so on for 10,000 generations . at least, that was his plan.At Second Emperor Er Shis command, the First Emperors childless concubines and maids were buried alive in the First Emperors
57、 vast underground tomb. Workers who had built the tomb met the same fate. The Second Emperor went on to slaughter other members of the royal family, government officials and their families, and anyone else he saw as a threat including Li Si. Within three years the Qin Empire fell apart, and Zhao Gao
58、 forced Er Shi to commit suicide.Qin Shihuang has always been remembered as the emperor who built the Great Wall of China. Estimates of the walls length vary because it has many sections and branches, but its over 4,000 miles long. And in the 20th century the world learned that the Great Wall was no
59、t the only marvel that Shi Huangdi left behind.In 1974, farmers digging a well near the First Emperors tomb stumbled across the gravesite of an entire army made of terra-cotta (a type of ceramic clay). Archaeologists found four underground chambers containing some 7,000 life-sized soldiers and horses. The figures are very detailed, and no two are alike. It is believed that they were modeled after the First Emperors real army and were intended to serve him in the afterlife. Forgotten for more than 2,000 years, the terra-cotta army is now considered the Eighth Wonder of the World.
