1、二、观点态度题(2018浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would buil
2、d fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at
3、 high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot a
4、nd a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown b
5、y 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American s
6、trength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考
7、生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road sys
8、tem.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。29.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A
9、shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。30.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.答
10、案C解析观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是
11、表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1.Whats the writers attitude towards.?2.What is the authors opinion on.?3.What does the author think about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1.文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留
12、意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negati
13、ve否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。A(2019如皋市高三二模)Our society is generally becoming one of 6giant e
14、nterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small，well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages，Nell-ventilated factories and piped music，and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts；yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has bec
15、ome powerless，that he is bored with it.In fact，the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious，not only because they might find themselves out of a job，but also because they
16、 are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life.They live and die without ever having confronted the 1fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their liv
17、es are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some 10respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job，they are tested for 2intell
18、igence as well as for the right mixture of obedience and independence.From the moment on they are tested again and againby the psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，etc.This constant need to prove that one i
19、s as good as or better than ones fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism？Certainly not.Problems are never solve
20、d by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthos
21、e of all love and of reasonare the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man.语篇解读本文为说明文。人们的工作和生活条件在逐渐变好，但人在社会中却变得无足轻重。雇员忧虑的不仅是失业，还因为他们无法获得生活的真正乐趣，生活在各种各样的忧虑与压力之中，才无幸福可言。因此作者建议将社会体系由一个以最大限度的生产和消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的产业
22、体系过渡到一个以充分发挥人的潜能为其全部社会工作之目的的人道主义产业体系。1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea that man is .A.a necessary part though the function of each is insignificantB.working in complete harmony with the rest of societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of
23、societyD.an irreplaceable component of society when working smoothly答案C解析推理判断题。文章第一段指出，人成了社会大机器中微小的、润滑良好的齿轮，高工资和通风良好的厂房便是润滑油，但事实上人是无能为力的，蓝领工人和白领阶层都是毫无自主权的经济傀儡。由此推断，虽然工作生活条件不错，但人在社会中却是无足轻重的，故选C。2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that .A.they are more likely to lose their
24、present workB.they have no real satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are confronted with the fundamental realitiesD.they are deprived of individuality and independence答案D解析推理判断题。文章第二段点明了工人和雇员忧虑的原因，分析上下文可知，其真正原因是情感与理智上独立的个体、富有创造性的人的生存状态被忽视，分析选项可知，A和B只是部分原因，不全面；C项与文章内容相悖。故选D项。3.From the passage we c
25、an conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those .A.who always live at the bottom of the societyB.who tend to be higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow competitorsD.who could dip far away from this competitive world答案D解析推理判断题。由文章第二、三段可知，社会底层者、社会上层者和竞争中的胜利者都无法脱离充
26、满竞争的生存环境，因而都生活在各种各样的忧虑与压力之中，所以都无幸福可言，只有远离这个充满竞争的社会的人才可能获得幸福，故选D。4.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of .A.approval B.dissatisfactionC.suspicion D.sensibility答案B解析观点态度题。文章最后一段提到，作者建议将社会体系由官僚主义下的产业体系过渡到人道主义的产业体系，由此可知，作者对现有产业体系的态度是不满的。dissatisfaction不满意。故选B。B(20
27、19南京高三三模)Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose.By the age of one，they can recognise the 3significant noises around them and group them into a language.11When we have lost this 7capacity as adults，it becomes enormously difficult to 4distinguish between sounds that are glaringly
28、different to a native speaker.It all sounds Greek to us.This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000，but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noisesthe phonemes(音素) of a languageeach cover a range of sounds and so vag
29、ue 5distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages.But where do these phonemes come from and why do they 8shift over time？New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.This is unexpected.W
30、ed rather think of language as the product of our thought，rather than of the arrangement of our teeth.9In reality，though，any given language must be both.Hunter gatherer languages seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals(唇齿音)those such as f and vthat are made by touching the lower lip with the upp
31、er teeth.Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them，for example.But in cultures that have discovered farming，these consonants(辅音) are much more common.The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.Either way，they need to chew much
32、less，and to bite less with their front teeth.So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods.It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial(唇音) ones：one example is that f came to take
33、the place of p.Romans said “pater” but English speakers (unless theyre Rees-Moggs) say “father”.Beyond these particular changes，the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual：speech must combine sound and meaning，and the meaning cant exist or be t
34、ransmitted without a real object.But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical，as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear.The food we eat shapes our jaws，and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language.The ease with which we eat probably shapes our
35、 thought too，as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify.12What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language，but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express.A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk，even if the calorie is the same.Food has
36、purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).语篇解读这是一篇说明文。主要叙述了人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合：语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。5.Compared with adults，babies could more easily .A.create sign
37、ificant noisesB.classify the forms of noisesC.understand the Greek languageD.distinguish meaningful sounds答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“By the age of one，they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.”可知，一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。6.According to the passage，which of the
38、following factors help shape language?A.Lips and teeth.B.Jobs and habits.C.Age and regions.D.Food and thinking.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是其中的diet，product of thought和“In reality，though，any given language must be both.”可知，食物和思想都有助于塑造语言。因此答案选择D。7.The reason for farmers making sounds of “f” and “v” is .A.enj
39、oying more cooked foodsB.biting more with front teethC.constantly chewing harder foodsD.growing up with lager lower jaws答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知，农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发“f”和“v”音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选A。8.By writing this
40、 passage，the author intends to reveal .A.jaws help shape our thoughtB.food determines our thoughtC.diet has some influence on languageD.language consists of sound and meaning答案C解析观点态度题。根据第二段中的“New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be par
41、tially explained by diet.”和文章最后的“Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).”可知，作者写这篇文章想要揭示的是：饮食对语言有一定的影响，故选C。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Fresh air is fundamental to good health.根本的，基础的2.Use your intelligence，and you are sure to achieve something.聪明才
42、智3.The elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars.重要的4.Before birth，babies can distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger.分辨5.We should make a distinction between right and wrong.区别，区分(二)同义词语替换6.It comes as a surprise to learn that giant fis
43、h are terrifying the drivers.huge/big/large7.We cant imagine how powerful a childs capacity for learning is.ability8.We need to shift the focus of the debate.change9.Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.in (actual) fact/in effect/in truth/actually/as a matter of f
44、act(三)一词多义10.respect vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守 n.尊敬；尊重；问候；关系；方面(1)Tom is really good at computer.He has no superior in this respect.n.方面(2)She has always been honest with me，and I respect her for that.vt.敬重(3)In the world everyone is equal and everyone should respect the law.vt.遵守(4)Friendship is built upon respe
45、ct for each other.n.尊重(5)Give my respects to your parents.n.问候，致意.长难句理解11.When we have lost this capacity as adults，it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker.句式分析本句为主从复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句；that are glaringly different to a native spea
46、ker为that引导的定语从句。精美译文当我们作为成年人失去这种能力时，要区分截然不同于母语者的声音就变得相当困难。12.What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language，but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express.句式分析本句话是but连接的两个并列句；在前一分句中What we eat是主语从句；在后一分句中how we eat是主语从句；how we feel and what we use language to express是
47、两个并列的宾语从句。精美译文我们所吃的食物可能已经塑造了我们语言的发音，但是我们吃的方式改变了我们的感觉和我们用语言来表达的东西。强化练(二十).单项填空1.Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer the trapped miners.(2019苏州八校高三联考)A.suspended B.subscribedC.sustained D.suspected答案C解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：救援者越来越近，这唯一的希望支撑着深陷井下的矿工们(生存的信念)。suspend悬，挂；subscribe订阅；sustain维持，支撑；su
48、spect怀疑。分析句子可知，that the rescuers were getting nearer为同位语从句解释说明hope，根据句意，希望支撑着矿工，故选C。2.It is evident that James has made a simple mistake in his job，but don t scold him too much；he is a green hand.(2019海安县高三期末)A.by contrast B.more ofC.at random D.at best答案D解析by contrast相比之下；more of更大程度上的；at random任意地
49、；at best最多，充其量。句意为：很明显，詹姆斯在工作中犯了一个小错误，但不要过于责备他，他充其量就是个新手。故D项正确。3.What do you think of her suggestion? ，it would be much more sensible to talk about it later.A.Usually B.GenerallyC.Actually D.Exactly答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为：你觉得她的建议怎么样？事实上，稍后再谈论这件事情会更明智一些。usually通常地，平常地；generally 普遍地，广泛地；exactly 恰好，精确地；actua
50、lly 事实上，实际上，一般用于说明个人观点或者纠正他人观点。故选C项。4.I had my computer stolen in my office，but luckily the police got it back to me.How unbelievable！The thief it.A.need have sold B.might have soldC.should have sold D.must have sold答案B解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：我的电脑在办公室被偷了，但幸运的是警察把它还给了我。难以置信！小偷本来可能卖掉它的。might have done在句中表示过去本可能发
51、生但实际上并没有发生的事。故选B。5. to finding ways to make music accessible to all children is Ms Thompson with a touring company of professional musicians.A.Devoting B.DevotedC.Being devoted D.Having been devoted答案B解析考查固定搭配和倒装。固定搭配：be devoted to doing.。恢复成正常语序是Ms Thompson is devoted to finding ways to make music
52、accessible to all children.，把be动词后面的部分提前就变成了devoted to.is.，选B。6.And what have you got to say?There is one point Id like your advice.(2019江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考)A.which B.whatC.where D.that答案C解析考查定语从句。句意为：你有什么要说的？有个我想听听你建议的地方。先行词为point，从句中不缺主谓宾，所以关系词作地点状语，用where引导这个定语从句。故C项正确。7.There is only one way to obtain
53、 happiness and that is to worrying about things which are beyond the power of our will.A.cease B.recallC.acknowledge D.guarantee答案A解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：获得幸福的唯一方法就是停止担心超越我们意志力的事情。cease停止；recall回忆；acknowledge承认；guarantee保证。根据句意可知，选A项。8.The police have anyone with information to come forward and talk to them
54、.A.appealed to B.attended toC.responded to D.attached to答案A解析appeal to呼吁；attend to出席，参加；respond to做出反应；attach to附属于。句意为：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈。由句意知选A。9.Membership of this club is open to those who are its aim.A.in salute to B.in honour ofC.in line with D.in sympathy with答案D解析句意为：这个俱乐部的会员对那些赞同其宗旨的人开放。i
55、n salute to向致意，赞扬；in honour of为纪念，为庆祝；in line with跟一致，符合；in sympathy with赞同，和一致。根据句意，故选D。10.What would you like to do this weekend? .Its up to you.(2019苏锡常镇四市高三联考)A.Whatever B.DefinitelyC.Go ahead D.Good idea答案A解析考查情景交际。Whatever无论什么； Definitely明确地；Go ahead前进；Good idea好主意。句意为：这个周末你想做什么？做什么都可以。由你决定。故选
56、A。.阅读理解AHigh-sugar diets raise risks for heart disease，obesity and diabetes，but we do love the sweets，so health experts have tried to suggest alternatives，and honey has been foremost among them.Honey is actually sweeter than sugar is，which means，in theory at least，that you could enhance flavor equal
57、ly with a smaller quantity of honey.But honey actually has a higher calorie count.It may have more minerals，which looks better on a label but，in reality，these are such trace amounts that they dont offer any real advantages.Honeys reputation as a medicine is not wholly unfounded.Some honey does indee
58、d have antibacterial properties.One byproduct of enzymes in honey is hydrogen peroxide，a powerful germ killer.Plus，honeys texture and consistency are good for keeping wounds clean，and bad for bugs that might want to infect them.Honey is moist and its gooey consistency means it can easily spread over
59、 and stay over wounds while keeping the tissue from becoming dry and fragile.The sticky substance means bacteria can not accumulate and multiply easily.It is particularly well-known for fighting bacteria like staph，salmonella，E.Coli and certain bacteria that can infect the gut and cause ulcers.Howev
60、er，scientists can only say this for sure about Makuna and Malaysian Tualang honey.We dont know yet whether local home grown honey has the same potency or safety.A hot cup of tea with some honey stirred in certainly sounds like it would make you feel better.But its difficult to say for sure that it w
61、ill.When you have a cold，contact with warm water (from tea) may help to bust up phlegm(痰)that blocks your airways.But some suspect the real secret to the qualities of a cuppa is in the honey.There are studies that suggest that honey does work as well or better than cough suppressant(抑制性的)drugs like
62、Robitussin.Most of these，however，were considered by the academic world to be widely misinterpreted by the media.One of the findings that seemed to have given the honey trend some additional legs came from a study that said there was “no difference”，statistically speaking，between honey and one partic
63、ular cough suppressant.11.What can we learn from the passage?A.Honey has more minerals than sugar.B.Honey can be used to treat wounds.C.The sweetness in honey can fight bacteria.D.All kinds of honey can act as medicines.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Plus，honeys texture and consistency are good for keeping wou
64、nds clean，and bad for bugs that might want to infect them.”可知，蜂蜜可以用来治疗伤口。故选B。12.What is the authors attitude when it comes to the functions of honey?A.Objective. B.Critical.C.Supportive. D.Skeptical.答案A解析观点态度题。根据第五段最后一句“There are studies that suggest that honey does work as well or better than cough
65、 suppressant(抑制性的)drugs like Robitussin.”和第六段第一句“Most of these，however，were considered by the academic world to be widely misinterpreted by the media.”可知，作者对蜂蜜的作用持客观的态度。故选A。13.What might be talked about next?A.Honey will be widely used in other fields.B.Honey will not be recommended in medical treat
66、ment any more.C.Other studies showed honey worked better than some cough medicines.D.Other studies showed neither honey nor some cough medicines functioned well.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“One of the findings that seemed to have given the honey trend some additional legs came from a study that said there wa
67、s no difference，statistically speaking，between honey and one particular cough suppressant.”可知，文章接下来讲述的应该是“蜂蜜将不再被推荐用于医疗。” 故选B。B(2019苏州高三期中)Whether you survive a cardiac arrest may depend，at least in part，on which emergency medical services (EMS) agency shows up to treat you，a new study suggests.Resea
68、rchers found a wide variation in cardiac arrest survival rates depending on which EMS agency provided initial treatment，according to the study published in JAMA Cardiology.The odds of surviving to hospital discharge(出院)could vary by more than 50 percent for two similar patients treated by two random
69、ly selected EMS agencies.“We found large outcome variations between EMS agencies that come after a cardiac arrest even after adjusting for many factors，” said lead author Masashi Okubo，an instructor of emergency medicine at the University of Pittsburgh.The study did not reveal why some EMS agencies
70、did better than others，however.“We need to determine in future research what are the underlying factors，” Okubo said.Cardiac arrest “is the abrupt loss of heart function，and if appropriate steps are not taken immediately，it most often is fatal，” explained Gregg Fonarow，a professor of cardiovascular
71、medicine and science at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles.He also is co-director of the UCLA Preventive Cardiology Program.“Each year in the United States，more than 350,000 cardiac arrests occur outside the hospital setting.”Altogether，the researchers
72、 studied 43,656 patients treated from 2011 to 2015 by 112 EMS agencies.When they looked at how many patients survived long enough to be discharged from the hospital，variations among agencies were quite large：the worst performing agency had 0 survivors out of 36 patients treated，or 0 percent，as compa
73、red with 66 survivors out of 228 patients treated，or nearly 30 percent，for the best-performing agency.The pattern was similar when it came to recovery of function by the time a patient was discharged from the hospital.The worst performing agency in this category had favorable functional recovery in
74、0 out of 87 patients，while the best had favorable functional recovery in 11 out of 54 patients，or 20 percent.“These findings suggest there may be important differences in the quality of resuscitation efforts among different EMS agencies，” Fonarow said in an email.Also，he said，“More layperson interve
75、ntions(非正式人员干预)such as timely CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术) and more EMS personnel responding to cardiac arrest patients were related to better outcomes.”“These findings suggest that dissemination of best practices and use of formal quality improvement programs by community-based EMS agen
76、cies may help to improve quality and outcomes in cardiac arrest，” he said.Can anything be done in the meantime?Yes，said Fonarow，who was not involved in the new research.“When performed promptly and properly，CPR can markedly improve the chance of survival for someone having an out-of-hospital cardiac
77、 arrest，” he said.“The best advice that might save lives of loved ones if a cardiac arrest occurs is to learn CPR.Anyone can and everyone should learn CPR.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，心脏骤停是否能够存活，至少在一定程度上取决于紧急医疗服务(EMS)机构为你提供的治疗。根据发表在美国医学会心脏病学(JAMA Cardiology)上的研究，研究人员发现，根据EMS机构提供的初始治疗，心脏骤停存活率存在很大差异。14.What
78、 does the new study tell us?A.EMS agencies have adjusted outcome variations.B.People with cardiac arrest depend on EMS agencies.C.Initial treatment has been provided for cardiac arrest patients.D.Cardiac arrest survival is partly determined by certain EMS agencies.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这项新研究告诉我们，心脏骤停
79、后的存活取决于某些EMS机构。故选D。15.The underlined word “odds” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.A.probabilities B.examplesC.difficulties D.differences答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，对于随机选择的两家EMS机构治疗的两名相似的患者，存活到出院的几率可能相差50%以上。由此推知画线词的意思是“可能性”，故选A。16.According to Okubo，what are they planning to do in future research?A.To de
80、termine which EMS agencies are good.B.To reveal the underlying factors of cardiac arrest.C.To find out the hidden reasons for better EMS agencies.D.To identify the relationship between different EMS agencies.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段“The study did not reveal why some EMS agencies did better than others，howev
81、er.We need to determine in future research what are the underlying factors， Okubo said.”可知，据Okubo介绍，他们未来的研究计划是为了找出一些EMS比其他机构做得好的隐藏原因。故选C。17.What does “the pattern” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A.The worst performing agency.B.The best performing agency.C.The large variations among agencies.D.The compariso
82、n between survivors and patients.答案C解析词义指代题。根据第五段的内容可知，研究人员观察有多少病人存活足够长的时间才能出院时，不同机构之间的差异很大：表现最差的机构在36名接受治疗的病人中，有0位幸存者，而对于最好的机构来说，228名接受治疗的病人中有66名幸存者，或近30%。再结合画线词所在句可推知画线词指的是“各机构之间差异很大”，故选C。18.According to the findings，what leads to better outcomes in cardiac arrest?A.More layperson interventions.B.
83、Better quality in EMS agencies.C.Better practices in CPR.D.More EMS members.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“These findings suggest that dissemination of best practices and use of formal quality improvement programs by community-based EMS agencies may help to improve quality and outcomes in cardiac arrest， he s
84、aid.”可知，根据这些发现，我们可推知“EMS代理机构质量更好”导致了更好的结果。故选B。19.What is Fonarows attitude towards CPR?A.Arbitrary. B.Favorable.C.Contradictory. D.Doubtful.答案B解析观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“The best advice that might save lives of loved ones if a cardiac arrest occurs is to learn CPR.Anyone can and everyone should learn CPR.”可知，
85、Fonarow对CPR的态度是“赞成的”。故选B。.任务型阅读Factory farming is a type of farming that involves raising a huge number of livestock(牲畜) in comparatively tinier enclosed spaces，with a view to supplying them to the livestock market.It took root in the later part of the 19th century.On the arrival of the Industrial R
86、evolution，the inventions of antibiotics and pesticides were increasing in number，which made it possible to practice factory farming.And gradually，with better farming methods，livestock were able to be raised indoors leading to mass production in a shorter while.Nowadays，according to reliable sources，
87、more than 50% of the livestock are produced using this concept.Factory farming is one of the most important food production methods around the world today because it has a lot of advantages.For example，there are huge numbers of mouths to feed，and mass production leads to the purchase of poultry and
88、the related items.Since the items arent priced too high for consumers to afford，people appreciate buying them in a large number.And as more and more livestock are artificially raised，more and more chicken，beef and eggs are out for sale.The purchase rate is higher and despite being reasonably priced，
89、the produce fetches a profit for the farms.In addition，since the business is enormous and needs as many hands as possible to increase the food produce，an equal number of staff are required for work，which results in a growth in the related jobs.However，there are also disadvantages of factory farming.
90、For instance，the animals are artificially bred，and since the procedure is not natural，the end products could be of poor quality.Antibiotics are injected into cows and hens，making them more unlikely to suffer from dirt and disease.As a result，the eggs and meat will not be as good as usual.The product
91、s thus obtained are of such low quality，which ultimately affects our health as well.Actually，since the entire production is artificial，the meat is overloaded with hormones(激素) and drugs，and the bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics，which is why many diseases remain untreated.Worse still，the
92、 animals waste can pollute the water and air，causing extensive damage to the environment.It may also lead to harmful emissions and contribute to the already increasing global warming.Because of the above advantages and disadvantages of factory farming，the concept has been a subject of massive debate
93、 all over the world，wherever this practice has been employed.Supporters of this concept argue that it does provide enough food for the increasing population and is more affordable.However，unfavorable opinions suggest that there are better ways of producing food，rather than subjecting animals to this
94、 suffering.The debate has been going on for quite a while，with no one being able to gain the upper hand.Title：Factory FarmingDefinitionFactory farming refers to raising so many farm animals in a 20. space to meet the requirements of peoples daily life.BackgroundWith more antibiotics and pesticides 2
95、1. ，factory farming came into being in the late 19th century.As farming methods improved，factory farming 22. mass production in a shorter while.Over half of the livestock are produced through factory farming at the present time.AdvantagesFactory farming produces more food to feed a large 23. .The it
96、ems produced through factory farming are 24. for ordinary consumers.The higher purchase rate makes factory farming 25. ，in spite of the reasonable price.Factory farming contributes to an increasing number of working 26. .DisadvantagesThe animals arent 27. brought up，so the quality of the end product
97、s could not be good enough.Antibiotics are injected into the animals，which makes bacteria 28. to drugs and leaves many diseases untreated.DebateSome people support this concept，while some others are against it because they think food should be produced in better ways.The debate has 29. long，but neit
98、her side has got the edge over the other.语篇解读本文介绍了工厂化养殖的优势和劣势。这一概念在全世界引起了广泛的争论，辩论持续了很长时间，但两边都没有优势。20.答案limited解析转换词汇题。根据第一段第一句“Factory farming is a type of farming that involves raising a huge number of livestock(牲畜) in comparatively tinier enclosed spaces.”可知，工厂化养殖是指在有限的空间内饲养如此多的家畜来满足人们日常生活的需要。故答案为
99、limited。21.答案invented解析转换词汇题。根据第一段第三句“On the arrival of the Industrial Revolution，the inventions of antibiotics and pesticides were increasing in number，which made it possible to practice factory farming.”可知，随着更多的抗生素和杀虫剂的发明，这使工厂化养殖成为可能。答案为invented。22.答案caused解析转换词汇题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“And gradually，with b
100、etter farming methods，livestock were able to be raised indoors leading to mass production in a shorter while.”可知，随着耕作方法的改进，工厂化养殖使大规模生产缩短了时间。答案为caused。23.答案population解析转换词汇题。根据第二段第二句“.there are huge numbers of mouths to feed，and mass production leads to the purchase of poultry and the related items.”
101、可知，工厂化养殖生产出更多的食物来养活大量的人口。根据句意可知答案为population。24.答案affordable/inexpensive/cheap解析转换词汇题。根据第二段第三句“Since the items arent priced too high for consumers to afford，people appreciate buying them in a large number.”可知，工厂化生产的产品对普通消费者来说是可以付得起的/便宜的。故答案为affordable/inexpensive/cheap。25.答案profitable解析转换词汇题。根据第二段倒数
102、第二句“The purchase rate is higher and despite being reasonably priced，the produce fetches a profit for the farms.”可知，尽管价格亲民，较高的采购率使工厂化的养殖仍有利可图。可知答案为profitable。26.答案opportunities解析转换词汇题。根据第二段最后一句中的“.since the business is enormous and needs as many hands as possible to increase the food produce，an equal
103、 number of staff are required for work，which results in a growth in the related jobs.”可知，工厂化养殖有助于增加工作机会。故答案为opportunities。27.答案naturally解析转换词汇题。根据第三段第二句中的“since the procedure is not natural，the end products could be of poor quality”可知，这些动物不是自然养大的，因此，最终产品的质量是不够好的。故答案为naturally。28.答案resistant解析转换词汇题。根
104、据第三段倒数第三句中的“.the bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics，which is why many diseases remain untreated.”可知，向动物体内注射抗生素，这使细菌对药物产生耐药性，使许多疾病不能治疗。故答案为resistant。29.答案lasted解析转换词汇题。根据最后一段最后一句“The debate has been going on for quite a while，with no one being able to gain the upper hand.”可知，辩论持续了很长时间，但两边都没有优势。故答案为lasted。
