1、Unit 1Learning about Language非限制性定语从句有些定语从句只对某个词作进一步的说明,例如:She was married to Tony,who was also a student这里who引起的就是一个非限定性定语从句,拿掉之后句子还能成立。在一般情况下,非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号把它和句子的其它部分分开,在句中起到补充说明的作用,在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:关系代词 which,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词when,where等Water,which is a clear li
2、quid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5月1日,那时他将有空。关系词在句中所作成分:关系代词:主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词:状语The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard.这个男孩,他的爸爸是一位工程师,学习很努力。Once more I am in Boston,where I have not been for years.我再次来到波士顿,我多年没来了。
3、二、as的用法as 也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。(1)as 引导限制性定语从句时,主要用在固定搭配such.as,the same.as中。He is not the same man as he was.他和以前不一样了。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时,指代主句的内容,在从句中作主语或宾语,常译为“正如”。Smoking is harmful to ones health,as is known to us all.众所周知,吸烟有害健康。(3)as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。As I have pointed ou
4、t,it is important to include vegetables in our diet.正如我所指出的,蔬菜在日常饮食中很重要。(4)as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构,如:as is known to us 众所周知as is reported 正如所提及的那样as we all know 众所周知as has been said before 正如之前所说三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项(1)that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中,用who,whom指代人,用which 指代物。She was very fond of speaking Fre
5、nch,which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。(2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。They went to London,where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦,在那儿住了六个月。(3)非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense,which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。(4)非限制性定语从句表原
6、因时,不用why引导,而用 for which 代替 why。I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别(1)形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。This is the best passage that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的文章。I read a passage last night,which is very interesting.我昨天晚上读了一
7、篇文章,它非常有趣。(2)作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,与先行词关系密切,若缺少,句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个句子,对先行词仅起补充说明作用,若缺少,句意仍相对完整。Do you remember the man who taught us English?你记得教我们英语的那个人吗?She and her family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.她和家人都骑车去上班,这有助于他们保持健康。可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别:His brother who is 19 years old i
8、s serving in the army now.他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。(他有不止一个哥哥)His brother,who is 19 years old,is serving in the army now.他的哥哥今年19岁,正在部队服役。(他只有一个哥哥)(3)翻译不同限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句,后译先行词,即把从句放在先行词前,译为“的先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句,后译从句,形成两个分句。He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。He is a warm-hearted man,who lives
9、 next to me.他是个热心肠的人,住在我的隔壁。(4)关系词不同关系代词 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;在非限制性定语从句中,所有关系词都不可省略。Mr.White,whom you met yesterday,is one of my old friends.你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。(非限制性定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,不能省略)五、特殊结构“名词代词of+which/whom”There are 30 chairs in the hall,most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构:非限制性定语从句一选关系代词并列句一选人称代词或指示代词He came late again and this made his boss angry.他又迟到了,这使他的老板很生气。This is my smart phone and it was bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的智能手机。I met Professor Xu,who told me the result of the election.我遇到了许教授,他告诉了我选举的结果。Thank you