1、知识感悟一、词汇详解1.close adj.近的;亲密的;亲近的;密切的adv.靠近地vt.&vi.关闭【典型例句】His house is close to the factory.他家靠近该厂。She is a close friend of theirs.她是他们的挚友。Please pay close attention to where they go.请密切注意他们将去何处。Anna followed close behind.安娜紧随在后。The company has decided to close its three branches in Europe.该公司已决定关闭它
2、在欧洲的三个分公司。The post office closes at 6.邮局六点关门。【相关链接】close作副词时与closely的区别:close意为“接近地,靠近地”,表示具体的概念;close多用来修饰由介词引导的短语。closely意为“仔细地,密切地”,常表达抽象的概念,它多用来修饰动词和过去分词。如:Everyone felt that his words hit close to home.大家都认为他的话击中了要害。This problem is closely connected with that one.这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。英汉互译(1)Close to
3、 100 students attended the lecture._答案:将近一百个学生出席那次演讲。 (2)当心!别挨近火站着。_答案:Be careful!Do not stand close to the fire. (3)新建的医院紧靠着我们学校。答案:The newly-built hospital is close to our school._单项填空(4)You should have been careful when crossing the street;you were _ to being killed by the car.A.closelyB.closeC.p
4、ossibly.likely提示:close to在此句中是形容词短语,其中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语,意为“将近,近乎”。closely意为“密切地”;选C和D项时,是动词不定式to do。答案:B2.trust vt.&n. 信赖;信任;托付【典型例句】Why do you trust a guy like him?你为什么要信任他这样的家伙呢?How can I trust the valuable things to her?我怎么能够把贵重的东西托付给她呢?I have no trust in him.我不信任他。【相关链接】(1)trustful adj.相信的,信任的t
5、rustee n.托管人,保管人,理事(2)短语:have trust in=believe in 信任;信赖trust sb. to do 委托某人做某事英汉互译(1)We trust him because we know he has never deceived anyone._答案:我们信任他,因为我们知道他从来没有欺骗过任何人。 (2)我的记性靠不住,最好把什么都写下来。_答案:I cant trust my memory.Id better write everything down. (3)Her child was left in my trust for the winte
6、r vacation._答案:她的孩子寒假里由我照顾。3.burst out=break out突然发生;突然起来【典型例句】The man burst out of the door and ran after the dog.这个人从门中冲出来追赶那条狗。Every time she thought about him she burst out crying.每当想起他,她就会突然哭起来。She burst out laughing and then checked herself.她突然爆笑起来,然后又突然止住。【相关链接】burst in=break in闯入;打断burst int
7、o=break into 闯入;突然开始Mary burst into laughter.玛丽突然大笑起来。注意:burst/break out后接laughing,crying等动名词作宾语;burst/break into后接laughter,tears等名词作宾语。介副词填空(1)Father told his son not to burst _ while adults are talking.答案:in (2)Everyone was quiet when John suddenly burst _ laughing.答案:out (3)The sad story made the
8、 girl burst _ tears.答案:into (4)The police burst _and told everyone to stand still.答案:in (5)The police burst _the room and seized the robber.答案:into (6)Hardly had she heard the sad story when she burst _ crying.答案:out4.knock over (开车)撞伤;撞死;打翻【典型例句】The old lady was knocked over by a car when turning a
9、round the corner of the street.这位老太太拐弯时被一辆车撞伤了。He knocked the thief over with one blow.他一拳将小偷打翻在地。Carelessly,I knocked my teacup over and the tea went all over the table cloth.我不小心把茶杯打翻了,台布上全是茶。【相关链接】knock短语knock about/around 漫游;接连打击knock (up) against 碰撞;同冲突;偶然遇见knock down 打撞倒;驳倒;拆除;使降价knock into 与相
10、撞;偶然碰到(某人)knock off 敲掉;击倒;下班休息knock out 敲出;击倒;使震惊knock on/at 敲(门、窗等)介副词填空(1)I knocked _Mr.Smith in the park this afternoon.答案:into/against (2)I knocked _the glass and spit the water.答案:over (3)With one blow he knocked his opponent _.答案:down/out (4)He has been knocking _ Africa most of his life.答案:ab
11、out (5)We start work at eight and knock _at twelve.答案:off (6)Knock _the door before you enter.答案:on/at (7)The harvest was badly knocked _ by the storm.答案:about5.lose interest in 对失去兴趣【典型例句】As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.他年纪越来越大,除了喜欢园艺以外,对一切都失去了兴趣。It appears as if sh
12、es lost interest in her job.看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。【相关链接】interest构成的短语be interested in 对感兴趣关心have/show/take/feel (an) interest in 对产生兴趣have no interest for/in 对没有兴趣with interest 有兴趣地,津津有味地in the interest(s) of 为利益;为起见单项填空(1)Having lost all her possession in a big fire,Jane has lost _in her life.A.ideaB.sens
13、e C.mindD.interest提示:lose interest in对失去兴趣。答案:D (2)At the age of three,children began to feel _in language learning.A.interestB.careC.interestedD.puzzled提示:feel interest in对有兴趣。答案:A6.from time to time 偶尔;有时【典型例句】I see him at the library from time to time.我有时在图书馆见到他。He called at our home from time to
14、 time.他有时到我们家玩。【相关链接】time构成的短语against time以最快的速度,争分夺秒地ahead of time提前all the time一直;始终;老是at a time一次;同时;一下子;每次at all times不论什么时候,老是(at) any time随时;无论何时at no time永不,在任何时候都不at one time(过去)有个时期;曾经,一度at other times往常;在其他时候;在另外场合at the same time同时;尽管如此at the time当时,在那个时候at times有时,偶尔,不时in time 及时;迟早on ti
15、me 按时完成句子(1)_(有时)I make mistakes when I speak English.答案:At times/From time to time (2)Youll get used to the weather in Nanjing _(迟早).答案:in time (3)He checked them off one _(每次) as they came in.答案:at a time (4)I know he is untrustful,but _(同时),I must admit he is a good worker.答案:at the same time (5)
16、This kind of wine was very popular _(曾经),but now it is considered too strong.答案:at one time (6)It was a race _(争分夺秒的) to stop people dying from starvation.答案:against time7.turn round 转过身来【典型例句】She turned around and found a cat following her.她转身发现一只猫跟着她。Turn round and let me look at your back.转过去,让我看
17、看你的后背。Turn your chair round to the fire.把你的椅子转向炉火一边。【相关链接】turn短语turn about转向相反的方向,掉转方向turn against(使)变成和敌对;使(事情)对不利turn away 转过脸去,背过脸去;把打发走,把驱逐出去;解雇turn back 转回去,往回走turn down调低,关小(灯光);拒绝turn into 拐入,进入;(使)变成,(使)成为turn off关(自来水、电灯、收音机等);解雇turn on 拧开(自来水、电灯、收音机等)turn out证明是,结果是;生产,制造turn over (使)翻过来;(
18、使)翻倒;移交;再三考虑turn up 出现;开大;拧亮(灯火等)单项填空(1)Lets not wait any longer,he might not _at all.A.turn overB.turn up C.turn onD.turn down 提示:turn up在此句中意为“出现,来临”。答案:B (2)The French pianist who had been praised very highly _ to be a great disappointment.A.turned upB.turned in C.turned outD.turned down提示:turn o
19、ut to be 表示“结果是”。答案:C (3)This popular sports car is now being _at the rate of a thousand a week.A.turned downB.turned out C.turned upD.turned on提示:turn out在此句中表示“生产”。答案:B8.amount n. 数量【典型例句】What is the amount we owe them?我们总共欠他们多少钱?A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.每年都要在广
20、告上花费大量金钱。The amount of money spent on the bridge was large.这座桥耗资巨大。Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.建这座桥花费了大量资金。【要点归纳】(1)问“数量是多少时”用what。(2)a small/large amount of和small/large amounts 与不可数名词连用,前者作主语时,谓语用单数;后者作主语时，谓语用复数。单项填空Because of_ mail we receive,we may not be able to reply to your
21、 letter.Please remember to include your full name with your letter.A.a great many ofB.a large number ofC.the large amount ofD.a great plenty of 提示:句意为“由于我们收到的邮件数量太大,我们可能不能回信。请记住在你的信中要有完整的姓名”。A和B项与可数名词复数连用;D项本身形式错。答案:C9.raise v.筹措(金钱);举起;提高;招募;养育;饲养;提出(建议)【典型例句】They are going to raise funds for the s
22、chool buildings.他们将为盖校舍筹集资金。He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。The landlord raised my rent.房东提高了我的租金。The baby was raised on soya-bean milk.这孩子是用豆浆喂养大的。【相关链接】raise,lift和rise的区别：raise是及物动词,多指由低处垂直举往高处,不一定费力。lift是及物动词,指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置。rise是不及物动词，表示“升高;起来”等等。单项填空(1)Those who want to say anythin
23、g more_ your hand and then_ to speak.A.rise;raiseB.raise;riseC.raise;raiseD.rise;rise提示:raise your hand举起你的手来;rise to speak站起来说话。答案:B (2)Though_in San Francisco,Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.A.raisedB.grownC.developedD.cultivated提示:raise在此句中的意思是“养育”。
24、答案:A10.confront vt.(使)面对(危险、困难)【典型例句】She is brave enough to confront danger.她有足够的勇敢面对困难。When confronted with the evidence of her guilt,she confessed.她面对罪证供认不讳。汉译英我们只有能够面对失败才能发现成功的道路。_答案:Only when we can confront our failure can we found the key to success.11.count vt.&vi. 数;将计算在内;认为;有重要意义,有价值【典型例句】T
25、hey are counting the books they collected.他们正在数收集来的书。There are ten people,not counting the guide.不包括向导,共有十人。You should count yourself fortunate in having good health.你身体健康,这就算幸运了。In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing.就运动而言,重要的不是赢,而是参与。【相关链接】count on 依靠,依赖count down 倒数计时单项填空(
26、1)A university degree _if you are looking for a teaching job.A.valuesB.countsC.mattersD.depend提示:counts在这里意为“重要”。答案:B (2)Jane was _among the greatest dancers of the century.Which of the following is WRONG?A.addedB.rankedC.countedD.included提示:只有A项后面不接among,要接介词to。答案:A12.underneath prep.&adv.在下面【典型例句】
27、The baby liked to sit underneath the table.这婴儿喜欢坐在桌子底下。I seem confident,but underneath it all Im terribly nervous.我表面上充满自信,但骨子里头紧张极了。She searched through the pile of papers and found his letter underneath.她在一堆文件里搜寻,终于在底下找到了他的信。【相关链接】underneath与under可互换,但常强调“覆盖、隐藏、接触”的意义;under表某事物直接位于另一事物的垂直下方;below地
28、方或位置在的下面(不是垂直下面);数量、水平在之下。选词填空用括号中所给的词填空(below,under,underneath)(1)We looked down from the mountain to the valley _.答案:below (2)The coin rolled _ the piano.答案:under/underneath (3)She was wearing a woolen coat,with a cotton blouse _.答案:underneath (4)His income is well _ the average.答案:below13.lively
29、adj. 活泼的;有生气的【典型例句】She may be 80,but shes still lively.她也许有八十岁了,但仍精力充沛。He told a very lively story about his life in Africa.他非常生动地讲述了他在非洲的生活。【相关链接】alive/live/living/lovelyalive意为“活着的(有时含有虽有死的可能,但仍然还活着的意思);有活力的,活泼的”。通常用在系动词之后作表语,有时也用作定语,但要放在所修饰的名词之后,而不能放在其前。如:I am the happiest man alive.我是世上最幸福的人。My
30、grandfather is still very much alive,more alive than many young people.我的祖父还很有活力,比很多年轻人更活跃。live用作形容词时,意为“活着的(多修饰动植物);(节目等)现场直播的”,用作副词时,意为“现场直播地”。如:Many people are against doing experiments on live animals.很多人反对用活着的动物做实验。There will be a live broadcast of the football match tonight.Dont miss it.今晚将会有这
31、场足球赛的现场直播。不要错过哦。living表示“活着的”,修饰人和物皆可,作前置定语。living things生物(通指所有有生命的物体)lovely指“可爱的;秀美动人的”。如:We had a lovely holiday.我们假期过得很愉快。单项填空(1)The _will go on with the work of the dead.A.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.live提示:句意为:“活着的人将继续做死者的工作。”the living指“活着的人”,是一个集体名词。答案:A (2)The World Cup Football Match will be te
32、levised _to people all over the world this evening.A.lively B.liveC.living D.alive提示:句意为“今天晚上将向世界各地现场直播世界杯足球赛”。答案:B (3)There was a very _ debate(辩论) at the meeting on the question of cloning human beings.A.live B.livingC.alive D.lively提示:句意为“在会议上就克隆人问题会有一个热烈的争论”。答案:D (4)Miss Christ was the only pass
33、enger _after the terrible accident,but she couldnt remember what it was all about.A.aliveB.livingC.liveD.lively提示:句意为“克利斯特小姐是这次可怕交通事故中唯一活着的乘客,但她记不起到底是怎么回事了”。alive作后置定语修饰passenger。答案:A14.predict vt. 预言;预测【典型例句】He predicted that an earthquake was imminent.他预言即将发生地震。He predicted a good harvest.他预言丰收。Th
34、e fortune-teller predicted that I would marry a doctor.算命先生预言我会同一位医生结婚。The zodiac is used in astrology to predict the future.十二宫图用于占星术中预测未来。【相关链接】prediction n. 预言;预测predictable adj. 可预言的汉译英(1)班主任预言我们班将有三十位学生明年将上名牌大学。_答案:The head teacher predicted thirty students in our class would go to famous unive
35、rsities next year.(2)这次地震早在几个月以前就发布了预报。_答案:The earthquake had been predicted several months before.15.mention vt. 提到;涉及【典型例句】I hope you didnt mention my name to her.我希望你没有向她提到我的名字。They have three dogs to look after,not to mention the cat and the bird.他们有三只狗要照顾,更别提那只猫和鸟了。There was no mention of the m
36、atter in your letter.你的信中没有提到过这件事。【相关链接】Dont mention it.不要客气,不用谢;没关系,不要紧；哪里哪里(作客套语)not to mention (=without mentioning)更不必说,更谈不上(not) worth mentioning(不)值得一提at the mention of在(听人)提到时make mention of提到,说到as mentioned above如上所述单项填空(1)Angell:Excuse me,Chris.Could you pass me the sugar,please?Chris:Sure.
37、Here you are.Angell:Thanks.Chris:_.A.With pleasureB.No problemC.Dont mention itD.Never mind提示:Dont mention it可用来回答别人的道谢或道歉。答案:C (2)I havent been learned to operate a computer,_playing net games.A.let aloneB.not to mentionC.not to sayD.not to speak提示:let alone表示“更不用说”,在此句中接play;not to say简直可以说;D项改为no
38、t to speak of。答案:B16.belong vi. 属于【典型例句】In our country,land doesnt belong to any individual.在我们国家,土地不属于任何私人所有。I dont know to which team he belongs to.我不知道他是哪个队的成员。【要点归纳】belong to“属于”,没有被动语态,不用于进行时和完成时。【相关链接】belongings n. 财产,所有物单项填空The Smiths _the farm which stretches from here to as far as the bank
39、of the river belongs were murdered last night.A.whoB.to whose C.to whomD.whose提示:句意为“从这儿一直延伸到河边的农场是史密斯夫妇的财产,他们昨晚被谋杀了”。这是一个带介词的定语从句,belong to是固定搭配。答案:C二、句型剖析1.the first time.【典型例句】It was the first time Id won since Id learnt to play chess.自从我学会下国际象棋以来,这是我第一次赢。Ill never forget the first time I met Haw
40、king.我从来不会忘记第一次见到霍金的时候。The first time I arrived at this city,I felt lonely and helpless.我第一次到城市来的时候,觉得孤独无助。【要点归纳】the first time作主语、宾语、表语时,后面可接由that或when引导的定语从句,也可省略引导词。the first time常引导时间状语从句,意为“第一次的时候”。但for the first time,at the first time不能引导时间状语从句。【相关链接】each time,every time,the time,the last time
41、,the moment,immediately,directly 都可引导时间状语从句。She came to the scene immediately she heard of the bad news.她一听到这个坏消息就来到了现场。They told me the news the moment they got the message.他们一得到情报就告诉了我。单项填空(1)When I met him the other day,it was the first time we _ each other since we were at school.A.sawB.had seen
42、C.were seeingD.have seen提示:句意为“几天前我见到了他,那是毕业以来我们第一次见面”。time是先行词,被序数词修饰,后面的定语从句用完成时,根据主句的时态确定,此处要用过去完成时。答案:B (2)_ I wrote a little poem,I confidently placed it right on my fathers plate on the dining-room table.A.The first timeB.At firstC.It was the first timeD.For the first time提示:The first time引导时间
43、状语从句,意为“当第一次的时候”。答案:A2.one of+复数名词+定语从句【典型例句】He was one of the students who were late for school today.他是今天上学迟到的学生之一。(先行词是students)Mary is one of the girls who have been chosen to enter for the beauty contest.玛丽是其中一个被选为参加模特大赛的女孩。I was the only one of the teachers who has been given a title of “Excel
44、lent Gardener” this year.我是唯一一个今年赢得“优秀园丁”称号的教师。【要点归纳】“one of+复数名词”后面接定语从句时,先行词是这个复数名词,定语从句的谓语用复数形式。如果one前面有the only或the very修饰,先行词是one,定语从句的谓语用单数形式。单项填空(1)We all congratulate her on being the very one of all the girls who _the great chance to take part in the National Super Girl Voice contest.A.have
45、 wonB.has wonC.wonD.wins提示:one被the very修饰,定语从句的谓语用单数。答案:B (2)Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who _ in China.A.worksB.is working C.are workingD.has been working提示:先行词是experts,定语从句的谓语用复数。答案:C三、语法解读现在分词的时态、语态和否定形式1.分词有两种时态:一般式和完成式。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作无先后;完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。Being too ol
46、d,he couldnt walk that far.由于年纪大了他走不了那么远。While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.他读书时,不时地点头。Standing on the building,you can see the whole city.如果你站在楼顶上,就能看到整个城市。Having received a letter,I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后,我知道一切都很好。Having had my supper,I went out for a walk.晚饭后,我出去散步了。H
47、aving known that he won the match,he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比赛获胜,高兴地把帽子扔上了天。Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.听到这个消息,他欣喜若狂。注意:短暂性动词的一般式也可以表示先后,常是紧接着发生两个动作。此句若用完成式,反而显得听话者反应迟钝。如：Arriving there,they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。2.现在分词的被动语态:当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态;如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作,就用
48、分词完成式的被动形式。The question being discussed is important.正在讨论的问题很重要。Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.受到了老师的斥责,李明戒了烟。3.现在分词的否定形式:not doing;no having been done。如:Not knowing what to do next,she stopped to wait.不知道下一步该怎么做,她停下来等着。Not having finished the homework,the pupil doesnt
49、 dare to go to school.没有完成作业,这个学生不敢上学。单项填空(1)_the idiom,he looked it up in the dictionary.A.Not learningB.Having not learned C.Not learnedD.Not having learned 提示:句意为“没有学这个习语,他查了字典”。空格处的动词与主语he是主动关系,在时间上发生在谓语动作之前,所以要用现在分词的完成式。答案:D (2)_to understand what he doesnt,he makes a fool of himself.A.Always p
50、retendingB.Always pretendedC.Having always pretendedD.Always being pretended提示:pretend与主语he是主动关系,句意为“总是假装知道他不知道的东西,所以他总是在愚弄自己”。答案:A (3)Mcgrady performed amazingly well,_ an average of 31.5 points each game.A.scoringB.scoredC.having scoredD.to score提示:score作动词用表示“得分”,与主语Mcgrady是主动关系,又因为score与谓语动词perf
51、ormed同时进行,所以选项A为最佳答案。答案:A (4)The poor man,_,ran out of the dark cave.A.trembled and frightened B.trembling and frightened C.trembled and frightening D.trembling and frightening 提示:tremble用现在分词形式表示主动关系;frightened表示“感到害怕的”,多叙述人。答案:B动名词作宾语某些动词或短语只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,consi
52、der,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,cant stand,be used to,get used to,devote.to.,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to等。如:I suggest spending
53、 our summer vacation in a seaside town.我建议在海滨城镇度过我们的暑假。You must give up smoking,for it does too much harm to your health.你必须戒烟,因为吸烟对你的健康危害很大。We got down to helping the farmers with their harvest immediately we arrived on the farm.我们一到农场就帮着农民收庄稼了。单项填空(5)We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination,f
54、or she has never been to school.A.she succeedingB.her succeedingC.she succeedD.her to succeed提示:句意为“我很难想像她在高考中成功了,因为她从来没上过学”。imagine后面接动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语。答案:B (6)With apples at 25 cents a pound,we couldnt resist _four pounds.A.to takeB.tookC.takingD.have taken提示:苹果一磅25分,所以我们忍不住要了四磅。resist doing忍住做某事。答案
55、:C动词不定式作宾语以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等。例如:I decided to ask for my money back.我决定要回我的钱。 The boy refused to say where he was from.这个小孩拒绝说出他来自什么地方。单项填空(7)She offered _us with our paintin
56、g exhibit but refused _any reward.A.to help;to takeB.helping;takingC.helping;to takeD.to help;taking提示:句意为“她主动帮助我们搞画展,但拒绝要任何的报酬”。offer和refuse都接不定式作宾语。答案:A动名词和动词不定式作宾语的区别有些动词既可接动名词,也可接不定式作宾语,这两种结构有时没有区别或区别很小,有时却区别较大。现举例如下:1.remember doing sth./remember to do sth.remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过或发生过的事”(动作
57、已发生)。例如:I remember turning off the light before I left home.我记得离家前已经关了灯。remember to do sth.表示“记得要去做某事”(动作尚未发生)。例如:Please remember to call me after you get home.到家后请记得给我打电话。2.forget doing sth./forget to do sth.forget doing sth.表示“忘记曾经做过的事”(事情已做但忘记了)。例如:Ill never forget going to the Summer Palace with
58、 you last week.我绝不会忘记上星期曾和你一起去过颐和园。forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”(由于忘记而未做某事)。例如:I have forgotten to tell him my name.我忘了告诉他我的名字。3.go on doing sth./go on to do sth.go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”(一直在做某事)。例如:If you go on eating too much,you will get even fatter.如果你继续吃得那么多,你会变得更胖。go on to do sth.表示“接着去做别的事情”(
59、从一件事转到另一件事)。例如:After finishing her homework,my sister went on to do some housework.我姐姐完成作业后,又做了一些家务活。4.stop doing sth./stop to do sth.stop doing sth.表示“停止正在或一直在做的事”。例如:You really should stop smoking now.你现在真该戒烟了。stop to do sth.表示“停止做某事”(转而去做别的事情)。例如:When he saw me,he stopped to talk with me.当他看到我时,便
60、停下来和我谈话。5.try doing sth./try to do sth.try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”(尝试着做某事看看会发生什么)。例如:Why not try using a new method to solve the problem ?为何不尝试用一种新方法来解决这道难题呢?try to do sth.表示“尽力去做某事”(设法去做较困难的事情)。例如:We should try to understand the meaning of the passage,although its a bit difficult.我们应尽力领会这篇短文的含义,尽管有点难度。
61、6.mean doing sth./mean to do sth.mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”。例如:Giving up just means failing.放弃就意味着失败。mean to do sth.表示“计划做某事”。例如:Im sorry I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.对不起,我并非故意伤害你的感情。注意:(1)need用作实义动词时,后面既可接不定式,也可接动名词。接动名词时形式上虽为主动却表示被动的含义,相当于不定式的被动形式。例如:Something is wrong with my bike.It needs r
62、epairing.(=It needs to be repaired.)我的自行车坏了,需要修理一下。(2)begin 和start后面既可接动名词,又可接不定式,两者通常无实质性区别,但是如果表示“开始”进行长期的或习惯性的动作,往往要用动名词。如:When did you begin/start playing the piano?你何时开始拉小提琴的?如果begin和start用于进行时态,后面只能接不定式作宾语。例如:I was just beginning/starting to read this book.我刚开始读这本书。单项填空(8)If I had remembered _
63、 the door,the things would not have been stolen.A.to lockB.lockingC.to have locked D.having locked提示:句意为“如果我记着锁门的话,东西就不会被偷了”。答案:A (9)Your shirt needs _.Youd better have it done today.A.ironB.to ironC.ironingD.being ironed提示:句意为“你的衬衣需要熨一熨了。你最好今天就这样做”。need doing=need to be done。答案:C (10)You cant help
64、_ commercials;every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another.A.to hearB.to be heardC.hearingD.with hearing提示:cant help在此句中表示“情不自禁”,所以后面要接动名词作宾语。答案:C (11)John regretted _ to the meeting last week.A.not goingB.not to go C.not having been going D.not to be going提示
65、:在此句中regret要接动名词作宾语,表示对上一周没有去开会感到后悔。C项形式错误。答案:A (12)Missing the first bus means_two hours for the next one,so I mean_at 5 next morning.A.to wait;to get upB.to wait;to get upC.waiting;to get upD.to wait;getting up提示:句意为“错过第一班公共汽车就意味着要等上两个小时,所以我打算第二天早晨五点起床”。答案:C (13)I have been tired of the city noise
66、 and crowdedness.Why not_to the country?A.trying movingB.try movingC.to try to moveD.try to move提示:句意为“我已厌烦了城市中的噪音和拥挤。为什么不搬往乡村试一试呢?”Why not后面要接动词原形,向对方提出建议;try doing表示“试着做某事”。答案:B (14)I was just beginning _the office _it began to snow.A.leaving;when B.to leave;whileC.to leave;when D.leaving;as提示:句意为
67、“我刚想离开办公室这时天下起雨来。”begin用于进行时中,后面要接不定式作宾语;when作并列连词用,意为“这时”。答案:C (15)Have you remember _for your forgetting_ the lights when you left the classroom and kept it on all the night?A.to be scolded;to turn off B.being scolded;to turn offC.being scolded;turning offD.to be scolded;turning off提示:句意为“你还记得上一次由
68、于你离开教室时忘了关灯,使灯着了整整一个晚上而受到责备的事吗?”答案:B课文浓缩下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩，仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。1 I met Roy,I thought him a 2 boy among his classmates,for he liked to 3 which make others laugh.Being a new student,I felt shy and 4.It was Roy who was kind to me and helped me 5 my new classmates by attending his 6 gr
69、oup.We became good friends,who could share each others inner feelings.It was all his fathers suddent death 7 of being 8 by a car that changed Roy so much.He became silent and 9 and 10 in his school work,furthermore we are 11 close.One day,I caught Roy 12 the pockets of peoples coats in the 13,a wall
70、et in his hand.My mouth 14 and I just looked at him without being able to say a word.Last week,we had 15 500 for a charity,but it was stolen the next morning.I thought it might be Roy,so 16 about the situation for a while,I decided to confront him about the theft.And I went to see him.答案:1.The first time2.popular3.tell jokes4.lonely 5.get to know6.particular7.as a result8.knocked over9.moody10.lost interest11.no longer12.going through13.cloakroom14.fell open15.raised16.having thought
