1、二、句型剖析1.be+adj.+to do【典型例句】The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。 That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。The water in that river is not fit to drink.那条河中的水不宜饮用。Harry Potter is pleasant to read.哈利波特读起来让人感到愉快。【要点归纳】形容词easy,difficult,heavy,hard,nice,bitter,dangerous,light,interesting,important,exp
2、ensive,fit,comfortable,pleasant,impossible后面接不定式作状语,这个不定式与主语往往是逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式要用主动形式,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,动词后要加介词。单项填空(1)Most students agree that Biology is as difficult a subject as Chemistry _.A.to be learnedB.to learnC.are learnedD.is learned提示:宾语从句中考查两个句型,be+adj.+to do 和as+adj.+a+n.+as。答案:B (2)When one ge
3、ts tired,even the work that is usually easy_will become an obstacle.A.to handleB.of handlingC.to be handled D.handled提示:这道试题中的形容词easy要求后接不定式的主动形式。答案:A2.及物动词+宾语+宾补【典型例句】Ill have/get/make everything ready before 5 p.m.for the evening party.在五点前我将会把今晚宴会的一切事情准备好。Who would you rather have take up the pos
4、t?你宁愿让谁担任这项职务?His answer made all of us laugh.他的回答使我们大家都笑了。The teacher got Tom to write his homework all over again.老师让汤姆把作业重新做了一遍。Im planning to have a garage built.我打算让人建一个车库。I found myself in a completely strange world when waking up.醒来后,我发现自己在一个完全陌生的世界中。She went to see the football match,leaving
5、 the homework undone.她去看足球赛了,留下作业还没有做。He heard somebody opening the door.他听见有人在开门。【要点归纳】能作宾语补足语的有形容词、介词短语、副词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。能接“宾语+宾补”的动词有(1)使役动词:make,have,let,get,leave等。(2)感官动词:see,hear,watch,listen to,feel等。(3)find,catch(撞见)后面也可接宾语+宾补。注意:(1)作补足语时,动词不定式表示一个完整的动作发生过程或将要发生或经常发生;现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作;过去分词表示
6、一个被动或已完成的动作。(2)make,have,let和感官动词如果接不定式作宾补,在主动语态中省略不定式的符号to;在被动语态中不能省略。(have,let用作使役动词，一般不用被动语态)单项填空(1)Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.to write提示:句意为“老师刚才叫谁为墙报写文章了?”此句考查的句式是have sb. do sth.。答案:C (2)The next morning she found the man _
7、in bed,dead.A.lyingB.lie C.layD.laying 提示:lying是lie的现在分词,表示“躺着”。答案:A (3)I cant _ you running up and down all day long.A.permitB.letC.haveD.allow 提示:permit和allow后面用动词不定式作宾补;let后面用动词原形作宾补;have后面可以用现在分词作宾补。答案:C (4)Is there anything you want from town? Im going to get _.A.those letters mailed B.mailed l
8、etters C.to mailed those letters D.those letter mail 提示:get后面用过去分词表示被动,构成get sth. done的句式。答案:A (5)Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.smokingD.being smoked 提示:catch sb.doing表示“撞见某人正在做某事”。答案:C3.it作形式主语【典型例句】It is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。Its no harm drinking running water
9、 in that area.在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。It is a shame that he didnt pass the exam.很遗憾他没有通过考试。It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。It seemed that things were not as they expected.看起来情况并不像他们所想像的那样。It is said that the tickets have been sold out.据说票已售完。It is two years since we came here
10、.自从我们来这儿以来已有两年了。It was two years before he joined the army.过了两年他就参军了。It will be one more year before we graduate.再过一年我们才能毕业。【要点归纳】(1)it作形式主语时,没有具体意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾,使句子显得平稳一些,出现形式主语的情况有三种:一种是真正的主语为不定式,一种是真正的主语为动名词,一种是主语从句。(2)一些习惯句型用it作主语。如:It is/has been+时间段+since.自从以来已有某段时间了。注意:since后面的谓语常常是瞬间动词的
11、一般过去时。如果是延续性动词的一般过去时,则要从该动作结束的时候算起。It was+时间段+before.过了一段时间就/才It will be+时间段+before.将过一段时间才单项填空(1)_will do good to a senior student to do a part-time jobthey will know more about society.A.TheyB.ThatC.ItD.As提示:it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to do a part-time job。答案:C (2)Does _ matter if he cant finish the job o
12、n time?A.this B.that C.he D.it提示:句意为“如果他没有按时完成工作,要紧吗?”it作形式主语。答案:D (3)We had to be patient because it _some time _we got the full results. A.has been;sinceB.had been;untilC.was;afterD.would be;before提示:句意为“我们必须要耐心,因为将过一段时间我们才能得到完全的结果”。答案:D (4)_is expected that it will be fine tomorrow,when we can do some outdoor activities.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Such提示:It is expected that.句式。it 是形式主语。如果用as的话,要构成非限制性定语从句As is expected,it will be fine tomorrow,when we can do some.答案:B
