1、大题提分练8阅读理解之词义猜测题(二)限时30分钟(提示：请利用阅读理解解题技巧1315巧解本练习中的加黑的小题)A(2019石家庄二模)体裁：记叙文主题语境：社会生活难度：On March 16, 2018, eightyearold Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi, defeated 73 young competitors to win the New York State Chess Championship in his age categorykindergarten to third grade. While the achievement is remark
2、able in itself, what makes it even more so is that the youngster, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago.Tani and his family arrived in New York City from Nigeria in 2017. They were offered accommodations in a homeless shelter and soon after, Tani entered the loca
3、l elementary school. It was here that the young talent was first introduced to the basics of chess by a parttime teacher. Attracted by the game, then the sevenyearold begged his mother, Oluwatoyin, to allow him to join the schools chess club. Concerned the family would be unable to afford the fees a
4、nd expenses, which add up to thousands of dollars, Oluwatoyin emailed Russel Makofsky, who ran the club. To her surprise and delight, Makofsky agreed to_waive_all_costs_for_young_Tani. The rest, as they say, is history. The young boy, who has got seven prizes in less than a year, currently ranks 27
5、in America in his age category. Though the chess club certainly helps, it is Tanis devotion to the game that is largely responsible for his great success. Not surprisingly, Tanis incredible story, first reported by The New York Times, has resulted in an outpouring of support from the American public
6、. It has raised $200,000 in just ten days, far more than the original goal of $50,000, and the funds keep coming.Since they now have a home, the Adewumis have decided to pay it forward and donate the over $200,000 collected on GoFundMe. They plan to give 10% of the funds raised to those who helped t
7、hem. The rest will be placed in the newlycreated Tanitoluwa Adewumi Trust and support African immigrants to America who are struggling the way the family was.【语篇解读】本文讲述了年仅八岁的非洲难民Tani虽只学习了国际象棋不到一年，却凭着自身的天赋和不断努力在纽约州国际象棋锦标赛上获得初级组冠军的故事。作为难民的Tani一家得到了热心人士的帮助，他们现在有了自己的家并且把多余的善款捐赠出去帮助贫困家庭。好词积累remarkable ad
8、j. 非凡的； add up to 总计达； incredible adj. 难以置信的1What made Tanis achievement especially remarkable?A. His quick learning. B. His young age.C. Support from his family. D. Help from his teacher.答案与解析A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While the achievement is remarkable in itself, what makes it even more so is that the youngs
9、ter, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago.”可知，虽然八岁的Tani获得冠军令人惊叹，但是更厉害的是他才开始学习象棋不到一年。故Tani学会下象棋的速度之快令他锋芒毕露。故A项正确。2What does the underlined part “to waive all costs for young Tani” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. To teach Tani free of charge. B. To raise money for Tanis fa
10、mily.C. To pay for Tanis schooling. D. To spend more on Tanis training.答案与解析A词义猜测题。根据画线部分上一句中的“Concerned the family would be unable to afford the fees and expenses, which add up to thousands of dollars”可知，Tani的母亲担心自己家无力缴纳几千美元的费用所以向俱乐部负责人发送了一封邮件说明情况。由此推知，画线词所在句句意：令她惊喜的是，Makofsky同意免除小Tani的所有费用。故画线部分意为
11、“免除小Tani的所有费用”与A项同义。故A项正确。3Whats Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Reports of the media. B. Activities of the chess club.C. Tanis devotion to the game. D. Public reaction to Tanis story.答案与解析D段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Not surprisingly, Tanis incredible story, first reported by the New York Times, has resulted in an o
12、utpouring of support from the American public. It has raised in just ten days”可知，第三段讲述的主要内容是大众在听到Tani的故事后做出的反应热心筹款支持Tani。故D项正确。4What does the last paragraph tell us about the family?A. They are poor. B. They are kind.C. They are honest. D. They are pitiful.答案与解析B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the Adewumis have deci
13、ded to pay it forward and donate the over $200,000 collected on GoFundMe”可知，Adewumis一家决定将爱心传递下去，把人们为他们一家筹集的20多万善款捐赠给众筹平台GoFundMe。由此推知，他们一家人很善良。故B项正确。B(2019呼和浩特二模)体裁：说明文主题语境：自然环境难度：Beneath the water in the Chinas Qiandao Lake lies a hidden treasure. The ancient city of Shi Cheng (also known as Lion C
14、ity), located in the province of Zhejiang, has been submerged underwater for 53 years. Shi Cheng was founded about 1,300 years ago in a valley surrounded by the Five Lion Mountains. When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站), a dam and manmade lake were
15、 constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water. Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet.Much like the Machu Picchu ruins in Peru, this underwater city remained forgotten until some renewed interests lead to its rediscovery. Qiu Feng, a local official
16、 in charge of tourism thought about utilizing (利用) Shi Cheng for entertainment on the lake and as a destination for diving clubs. On September 18, 2001, scuba divers made their first attempt underwater. “We were lucky. As soon as we dived into the lake, we found the outside wall of the town and even
17、 picked up a brick，” Qiu told Guangzhou Daily in an interview. More research was conducted, and it was discovered that the entire town was intact (完好无损的), including wooden beams and stairs. After the initial findings, international archaeologists and a film crew then recorded the preservation of the
18、 lost ruins.Looking at surface of the lake, dotted with over 1,000 islands, youd never know that an entire city was below.Its incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it. Until then, Shi Cheng will continue to remain inconspicuously
19、(不引人注意地) submerged.【语篇解读】本文介绍了在风景如画的千岛湖下沉睡着的千年古城狮城。建于多年前的古城由于政府建设水电站“沉入”了湖底。随着千岛湖旅游业的开发，2001年相关部门对水下古城进行了初次探测，惊讶地发现城内的建筑保存完好。好词积累range from . to . 到范围变化； be dotted with . 布满了5Why was Shi Cheng covered by water according to the passage?A. Because the city has a long history.B. Because the government
20、could attract more tourists by doing so.C. Because the government needed to build a power station where it was.D. The mountains surrounding the city led to the consequence.答案与解析C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站), a dam and manmade
21、 lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water.”可知，由于当时的政府修建水电站，在狮城原址修大坝和水库，所以这座古城就沉入了千岛湖底。故C项正确。6What does the underlined word “initial” mean in paragraph 2?A. Original. B. Great.C. Wonderful. D. Amazing.答案与解析A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“On September 18, 2001, scuba divers m
22、ade their first attempt underwater.”可知，2001年潜水员首次对古城进行水下勘查，研究人员的这些研究发现都是以前从未有过的。由此推断出画线词initial意为“原始的；最初的”与A项同义。故A项正确。7What is the most unbelievable part of Shi Cheng according to the passage?A. It has something to do with Machu Picchu ruins in Peru.B. No one was interested in the lost city for a lo
23、ng time.C. Its structure keeps perfect in the water for a long time.D. There are over 1,000 islands protecting the lost city.答案与解析C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Its incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it.”可知，古城沉入湖底多年之后仍能保存完好，这让人们难以置信。故C项正确。8Wh
24、o will most probably come to visit the lost city?A. Someone who likes swimming.B. Someone who likes diving.C. Someone who likes climbing mountains.D. Someone who likes taking pictures.答案与解析B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Beneath the water”， “The ancient city . has been submerged underwater for 53 years.”和“Now, it si
25、ts at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet.”可知，古城在水下85英尺到103英尺，所以潜水爱好者最有可能参观这座被水淹没的古城。故B项正确。C(2019贵阳二模)体裁：说明文主题语境：环境保护难度：A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into womens shoes.Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from
26、 plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.A San Francisco startup company called Rothys, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes. Roth Martin is the co
27、mpanys cofounder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for womens feet. They take the plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is des
28、igned to reduce waste while making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoes outer part, called the sole (鞋底)This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced nocarbon rubber.Rothys shoes are sold online. They ar
29、e flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different colors and designs. They cost either $125 or $145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of materia
30、l to fill that demand. “Were not going to run out of water bottles any time soon. So we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future.” When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled mat
31、erial to make other products.For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shipping in the near future.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法一种将旧塑料瓶变成女鞋的方法。好词积累at no cost 不惜代价； stress the importance of 强调的重要性9How are used plasti
32、c bottles usually dealt with?AThey are used to make shoes.BThey are buried or burned.CThey are changed into soft materials.DThey are returned to factories for reuse.答案与解析B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.”可知，处理废弃塑料瓶的方法是埋起来或焚烧。故B项正确
33、。10What does the underlined word “knitted” in the third paragraph mean?A. Combined. B. Fixed.C. Spotted. D. Repaired.答案与解析A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes.”可知，3D机器将这些纤维混合在一起，旨在制造鞋子的同时减少浪费，故the
34、knitted stuff指的是混合物。由此推出画线词的意思是“结合的”。故A项正确。11Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothys shoes?A. The design and color.B. The reasonable price.C. The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow.D. The companys advertisement.答案与解析C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow disc
35、overed them last year, the demand for the shoes grew.”可知，是明星的影响力直接帮助增加了这种鞋子的销售。故C项正确。12What is the purpose of the text?A. To advertise a new kind of shoes.B. To describe the process of making shoes.C. To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste.D. To stress the importance of environmental prot
36、ection.答案与解析C写作意图题。根据第一段中的“A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into womens shoes.”可知，本文是为了介绍一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故C项正确。加练阅读七选五(2019开封三模)体裁：说明文主题语境：社会生活难度：Travel is one of the activities people carry out most often during their spare time. Although travel may
37、cost a lot of money, most people like to travel. Maybe, for them, to broaden their horizons and to be happy and healthy, are more important than money. The following tips on travel may help you if you plan to travel later on. If you want to enjoy a wonderful trip, you should think carefully about wh
38、ere to go. Before making a decision, you should seek others advice and try to know more about the place that you are going to, including how to get there, the cost, the sights you plan to visit, and so on.You should consider travel insurance. Once such injury or accident happens to you, you may not
39、have to suffer both physically and financially as long as you have travel insurance. Heres an example: Nine friends ate at a restaurant when on a school trip overseas, eight had diarrhea (腹泻) the next day. The one who didnt get sick was the only one who had ordered a dish that didnt need to be touch
40、ed by human hands right before serving.Mind your basic safety. Its easy to let your guard down when you travel. After all, youre more relaxed and there are so many new sights to focus on. So, watch out for your personal safety at all times.A. Know more about the place you plan to visit.B. However, n
41、othing is more important than your life.C. You may easily get into trouble if you dont obey the rules.D. Make sure to take things that you need during the travel.E. Travel can be a wonderful experience and a sweet memory.F. Be careful about what to eat when you are far away from home.G. Especially i
42、f you plan to take part in adventure activities, you may get injured.答案与解析【语篇解读】旅游是人们业余时间最常进行的活动，虽然旅游可能会花很多钱，但可以开阔人的眼界，使人开心健康。作者就外出旅游，给出了一些建议。好词积累seek advice 征询建议； get into trouble 陷入困境1E空前一句提到旅游的好处：可以开阔眼界，并使人开心健康。故正确选项应与旅行的其他好处有关。E项谈到旅行可以是一次美妙的经历和一个甜美的回忆，这也是一个好处，顺承空前一句的意思，故E项正确。2A本段及下面三段的结构都是“主题句解释
43、说明内容”。本段缺少主题句。通读本段内容可知本段主要表达的是要想旅游好，需提前想好要去的地方，并多了解一些这个地方的相关情况。A项很好地概括了这一内容，故选A。3G下一句中的 such injury是关键信息，说明空处的内容要提到受伤。选项中只有G项话题相关，其中的 get injured和空后一句的such injury相呼应，故选G。4F根据本段所举的例子可知，本段主要说明的是旅行时的饮食问题。F项“当你离家很远时要小心饮食”，很好地概括了本段主题，故选F。5B根据下一句开头的So可知，正确选项应是空后一句内容的原因，那么为什么要一直注意你的人身安全呢？上文提到因为有许多景点要看，旅游时很容易放松警惕，B项“但是没有什么比你的生命更重要”，这就是注意人身安全的原因，故选B。
