1、基础知识自测基础知识自测(A)单词派生一、单词拓展1._ n.矿，矿山_ n.矿工2._ v.判断_ n.判断；辨别力 judgment mineminerjudge3._ vt.损害;伤害_ n.损害;伤害_ adj.受伤的4._ v.祝贺;恭喜_ n.祝贺;(复数)贺词 congratulation injureinjuryinjuredcongratulate5._ adj.电的;导电的_ n.电;电流;电学_ adj.与电有关的6._ v.(使)惊吓_ adj.受惊的;受恐吓的_ adj.令人恐惧的frightening electricelectricityelectricalfri
2、ghtenfrightened1.Two players are out of the team because of _(injure).介词后要接名词。2.My personal _(judge)is that he is to blame.形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。judgementinjury(B)灵活运用3.I think it is dangerous for _(mine)to work in such terrible conditions.miners意为“矿工”。4.His _ eyes made the boy feel_.(frighten)5.Bob left
3、 me his _(electric)fan before he went to London.形容词修饰后面的名词。frighteningfrightenedelectric感到恐惧的令人恐惧的1._ 立刻;马上2._ 许多;大量的3._ 结束;终结4._ 严重受损;成为废墟二、短语翻译in ruins right awaya(great)number ofat an end5._ 掘出;发现6._ 仿佛;好像7._ 代替8._ 像往常一样as usual dig outas ifinstead of9._ 被困住,被套住10._ 横切11._ 三分之二12._ 灾害侵袭的地区disaste
4、r-hit areasbe trappedcut acrosstwo thirds三、语篇填空 At 3:42 a.m.everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres 1 _(direct)below the city,the 2 _(great)earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing,3 _is more than two hundred kilometres away.One-thir
5、d of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.directly greatest which Steam burst from holes 4 _ the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 _(lie)in ruins.The suffering
6、 of the people 6 _(be)extreme.Two-thirds of 7 _(they)died or were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many 8 _(child)were left without parents.in lay was children them9 _ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Then,later that afternoon,a
7、nother big quake shook Tangshan.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard 10 _(get).People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The to get 1.directly 修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为“正好”在这座城市下面。2.greatest 前有the，后有of the 20th century表示范围，可以确定用最高级。3.which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Beijing。4.i
8、n 说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用in。5.lay 由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，lie的过去时是lay。lie in ruins成为废墟。6.was 主语是The suffering(痛苦)，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填was。7.them 作介词of的宾语，人称代词用宾格。8.children 受many修饰要用复数。9.The 从后面的数字看是指“数量”，表示“的数量”用the number of。10.to get 在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。四、语段改错All hope was not lost.Soon after the
9、 quakesthe army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshanto helping the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the dead.ofhelpwhoTo the north of the city,most of the10,000 minersare rescued from the coal mines here.Work
10、ers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by the train,truck and plane.Slow,the city began tobreath again.breathehomesthereSlowlyforwere1.helping help 作目的状语用不定式(to do)。2.在people前加of 表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如three thousand people；表示数以千计的人，thousa
11、nds后要加of。3.that who 当先行词是指人的those时，只能用who引导定语从句。4.are were 由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。5.here there 指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里”。6.to for 表示“为某人”造庇护所/房子，用for sb.。7.home homes 由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用复数。8.去掉by后的the 用by表示“乘”车/船/飞机等，习惯上说by bus/train/boat/plane，不用冠词。9.Slow Slowly 位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。10.breath breathe 表示开始做某事是be
12、gin to do sth.，故名词breath要改为动词breathe。重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练原句 In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.城市里,一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26)1.burst v.爆裂;突发例句 The balloon suddenly burst.气球突然爆炸了。burst in闯进来；突然插嘴burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭搭配 When we wer
13、e chatting in the room,he burst _.运用 填入一个恰当的词。The audience burst _ cheers.As she was talking,the old man burst _crying with excitement.out into in2.injure vt.伤害，使受伤，损害例句Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。理解 说出下列各句的汉语意思。Three people were killed and five in
14、jured in the crash.He injured his knee yesterday.撞车事故中三人死亡，五人受伤。他昨天伤了膝盖。(3)I hope I didnt injure her feelings.(4)Dishonesty injures a business.欺骗有害生意。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。3.shock v.(使)震惊；震动 n.休克；打击；震惊例句 Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.现在，井里满是沙子而不是水，人们惊呆了。用法 作名词表示“令人震惊的事”时，前用a。
15、派生 _ adj.(人)感到震惊的_ adj.(事)令人震惊的shockingshocked(1)听到这个消息，我十分震惊。（一句多译）a.I _ to hear the news.b.I _ the news.c._me to hear the news.d.The news _ a shock.gave me was shockedwas shocked atIt shocked运用 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。(2)听到这个令人震惊的消息，他感到震惊。He was shocked _.to hear/at the shocking news4.rescue n.&vt.援救；营救(save
16、from harm or danger；set free)例句 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。搭配rescuefrom 从中抢救或营救 go/come to ones rescue援救或帮助某人rescue work/workers抢救工作/救援人员运用 完成句子。救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。The life boat was sent out to _ the sailors from the sinking ship.rescue 从危险中拯救，拯救的
17、紧迫性，用rescue更好。5.judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n裁判员；法官例句Wearing proper clothes is important too,for people will judgeyou by what you wear.穿合适的衣服也很重要,因为人们会根据你穿的衣服来判断你。(1)judgefrom/by 从来判断(2)as far as I can judge 据我判断,我认为(3)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断联想说明judging from/by用在句首时,为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态影响,只用现在分词作状语,而不用过去分词。运用 根
18、据汉语提示,完成句子。(1)Schools tend to_(根据来判断)the performance of their students in exams.(2)_(从表情上看)on Adams face,the news must have been terrible.Judging by the lookbe judged by 6.at an end 终了；结束例句 The fathers patience was at an end after the babys long crying.婴儿哭了很久后，爸爸的耐心终于没有了。at the end of在的尽头,末端(指时间,地点等
19、)by the end of到末之前(指时间,常与完成时连用)in the end/finally/at last/eventually最后；终于put an end to结束 come to an end结束联想运用 用适当的介词填空。My friend is waiting for me _ the end of the road._ the end of last month we had finished Book 4._ the end，they got to their destination.InatBy7a great number of许多；大量例句I have a larg
20、e number of letters to answer我有许多信要回。a(great，large)number of(+复数名词)许多the number of(+复数名词)的数目比较“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。注意运用 用所给词的适当形式填空或完成句子。The number of the people invited to the party _(be)50 last night，but a number of them _(be)absent for different reasons
21、_(许多人)lost their lives in the terrible disaster A number of peoplewaswere写作句型仿写写作句型仿写原句It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26)1.It seems as if 看上去好像;似乎例句It seemed as if the sky would fall down.似乎天要塌下来了。仿写 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。_ except me.说明 其中as if 可用as though替代 It seems as if/though eve
22、rybody knows it(2)听她说话的口气她好像去过美国。好像这个问题没有解决的办法。(3)好像这个问题没有解决的办法。_ no solution to this problem.It seems as if there isIt seemed as if she had been to America from her words.例句 All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的学生中学毕业后都能上重点大学。2.all.not=not all.并非都原句 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。(B1P26)仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。说明 all,both,each,always,every及every的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。(1)不是所有的学生都通过了考试。_ have passed the exam.Not all the students(2)并不是每个人都像你那么自私。_ is as selfish as you.Not everyone(3)不是你们两个都有机会去美国。_ have the opportunity to go to America.Both of you cant
