1、第4节情态动词和虚拟语气第1讲情态动词一、高频考点梳理1.can/could(1)表示能力,could 是 can 的过去式。Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗?Could you speak English then? 那时候你会说英语吗?(2)can表推测时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句;有时也用于肯定句中,表示理论上的可能性,或表示“有时可能会”之意。Why does he know this? Can someone have told him about it?他怎么知道?会是有人告诉他了吗?He is friendly,but sometimes he can
2、be difficult to get along with.他友好,但是有时也难相处。(3)can not.too.或cant.enough.意为“无论怎么也不为过;越越好”。The importance of education cant be stressed too much/enough.教育的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。2.may/might的用法(1)表示许可。表示请求允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”。Might I use your pen?No,you mustnt.我能用你的钢笔吗?不,你不能。(2)表示推测、可能
3、(常用于肯定句中)。He may be very busy now.现在他可能很忙。(3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功!(4)may/might as well do意为“最好做某事;不妨做某事”。You may as well do it at once.你最好马上做这件事。(5)may/might well do.意为“很有可能做某事”, 主要用于加强推测的语气,表示具有较大的可能性。What you say may well be true.你说的很可能是事实。3.must的用法(1)偏要、硬要(表固执、不满等)The car must break do
4、wn just when we were about to start off.我们正要出发时偏偏车又坏了。(2)用于表肯定的猜测(否定推测用can的某种形式)He is absent today,and something must have happened to him.他今天缺席了,一定是发生了什么事。(3)mustnt do sth. 禁止You mustnt make noises in the library.在图书馆不可以发出噪音。4.will/would的用法(1)表示请求、建议等,would比will更委婉。Will/Would you pass me the ball,p
5、lease?请把球递给我好吗?(2)will/would表示意志、愿望和决心。用于非人称主语时,表示其固有的性质或倾向。If you will make another try,I shall do everything possible to help you.如果你愿意再试一次的话,我愿尽一切可能帮助你。The door wont shut.门关不上了。(3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。He would come to have a chat with us when he was free.他有空
6、时,常会过来跟我们聊天。5.shall/should 的用法(1)shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话者(而非句子主语)给对方的一种允诺、威胁、命令、警告等。You shall have a lot of money.你会有很多钱的。(允诺)You shall arrive there before sunset.你们要在日落前到达那里。(命令)She shall get what she deserves.她会有报应的。(警告)(2)shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中,表示条约、规章、法令等中的义务或规定,常译为“应,必须”。Visitors shall not pick
7、 flowers.游客不得攀折花木。(3)should意为“竟然”,常用在下列句型中:It is important/necessary/essential/strange/astonishing/natural that.It is astonishing that he should have committed the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的错误,真令人吃惊。(4)should表示推测,意为“可能;应该会,想必会”,表预期,估计。相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据;根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述。They left early th
8、is morning,and they should be there now.他们今天早上很早就出发了,现在应该到了吧。6.dare和need的用法(1)dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。I dare to swim across this river.我敢游过这条河。He does not dare (to) answer.他不敢回答。Dont you dare (to) touch it?难道你不敢碰它吗?He need
9、s to finish the work this evening.他需要今天晚上完成工作。(2)主语need doing/to be doneThe door needs painting/to be painted.那扇门需要刷漆了。二、“情态动词have done”结构有两层意思:(1)表示对过去情况的猜测或估计,有以下几种形式:must have done(准是;一定);can/could have done(可能已经);may/might have done(可能/也许已经)。The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild ani
10、mals for 13 years before she returned.Oh,dear!She must have gone through a lot of difficulties!这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物13年后才回来。哦,天哪!她一定经历了许多困难!(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟,常见的有下列形式:should/ought to have done(本该做);could have done(本来能够做);might have done(本可以做);neednt have done(本没必要做)。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You should have told her last week.明天我要告诉玛丽关于她的新工作的情况。你本该上周告诉她的。