1、Module 2 Developing and Developed CountriesGrammar表示转折关系和让步关系的连词和副词高一英语组马振成【探究寻规】选择适当的连词填空。however although/though while but1.Norway is at the top of the list,_ the US is at number 7.2.The report shows that we are making some progress_ that we need to make greater efforts.3._ developed countries giv
2、e some financial help,they need to give much more.4._ difficult the task is,they wont give up.5.Child_ he is,he has to work to support his family.while butAlthough/ThoughHowever though *He is a hard-working but not very intelligent boy.他是个用功但不是很聪明的孩子。*It is cold in winter here,but it is not hot in s
3、ummer.这里冬天很冷，但是夏天不热。*His first response was to say no.Later,however,he changed his mind.他最初的反应是不同意，可是后来他改变了主意。*You should always strive to achieve more,however well you have done before.不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步。【总结归纳】but与however都表示“但是，然而”，都可以引导并列句，但二者用法有些区别。1.从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味较however要强。2.从语
4、法上看，but是个并列连词，而however是个连接副词。3.从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾。4.从标点上说，but之后一般不使用逗号，但however则通常用逗号与句子其他部分分开。【名师点津】but作连词还可用于“Im sorry/Excuse me,but.“句式中表示歉意，but本身没有意义。*Im sorry,but it has nothing to do with you.对不起，不过这和你无关。【语法精点】一、基础点拨1.but和however。词条词性用法but并列连词用来连接并列句子或并列成分，表示强烈对比、转折，
5、两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开，也可不用，但是but不能置于句首，且后面不用逗号隔开however副词表示“然而，可是；不过”，用以引出令人吃惊或表示对比的话语，可放在句首、句中或句末，但要用逗号隔开从属连词表示“无论如何，不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句，可置于主句之前或之后。常构成：however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语2.although和though。(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，一般情况下可以互换使用，但although较正式，多用于句首，而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。although和though都不能和并列连词
6、but连用，但可以和yet或still连用(因为yet和still是副词而不是连词)。*Although/Though he is in poor health,(yet)he works hard.(=He is in poor health,but he works hard.)(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式，其用法相当于as，把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。*Young though/as he is,he is quite experienced.他虽然年轻，但很有经验。*Child though/as she
7、was,she was fit for the job.虽然还是个孩子，她却适合这份工作。*Much though/as he loved her,he didnt tell her.尽管他非常爱她，但他并没有告诉她。*Try though/as I might,I didnt lift the stone.尽管我试了，我还是搬不动那块石头。【名师点津】though还可作副词，放在句末，用逗号和主句分开，相当于however,意为“然而”。*He said he would come,he didnt,though.他说他要来，结果却没来。3.while。while作连词时用法较多，主要有以下
8、几种含义：(1)while用作从属连词引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，可与although或though替换，此时while位于句首。*While Im willing to help,I do not have much time available.尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有太多可用的时间。*While the Internet is of great help,I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.虽然网络很有帮助，但我认为在网上花费大量时间不是个好主意。(2)while作并列连词表转折，强调前后句的对比
9、关系，意为“然而”，此时while不能位于句首。*In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.在一些地方，人们期望女士挣钱而男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。*He went out for a walk while I stayed at home.他去散步了，而我却待在家里。二、难点突破while，but与however表转折：1.while是并列连词，强调前后句的对比关系。2.but表示强烈的转折关系，但不表示对比。3.however为副词，位于两
10、句话中间，前后用逗号隔开，独立成句。指不管前面所说的如何，总以后面的为正确，含有不可置疑的含义。可用于句首、句中或句末。用逗号与其他部分分开。*Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。*I ought to have helped her，but I never could.我本该帮她但不能。*He was feeling bad,however,he went to work.【高考体验】如何区别连词：1.仔细审读题目，确定语境给出的信息，把握题目考查的角度。2.分析选项，确定选项中连词的类别。3
11、.结合语境选出最佳选项。1.（2013新课标全国卷）I was glad to meet Jenny again,_I didnt want to spend all day with her.A.but B.and C.so D.or思路分析：选A。考查连词。句意：再次见到珍妮我很高兴，但是我不想一整天都和她待在一起。but但是；and并且，和；so因此；or或者，否则。根据句意可知前后之间是转折关系，所以选A。2.（2013天津高考）_small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A.As B.If C.Alth
12、ough D.Once思路分析：选C。考查连词。句意：虽然规模小，但是这家公司在30多个国家大约有1 000家采购商。if如果；once一旦；as因为，虽然，随着；although虽然。as引导让步状语从句时需倒装，故根据句意选C。3.（2013新课标全国卷）Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_ another man,also intelligent,fails.A.since B.if C.as D.while解题关键：前后分句之间的语意关系。思路分析：选D。考查连词。句意：无从知晓为何一个人会
13、有重大发现而另一个似乎有同样聪慧的人却没能做到。根据句意可知，前后之间是对比转折的关系。while可以表示对比转折，意思是“然而”。4.(2012安徽高考)Queen Elizabeth is often thought to be the richest woman in the world._,her personal wealth seems rather small.A.Besides B.OtherwiseC.However D.Altogether解题关键：前后分句之间的语意关系。思路分析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：人们经常认为伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人，可是她的个人财富
14、似乎很少。分析语境可知前面的句子和逗号之后的句子为转折关系，however然而，可是，符合句意，故C项为正确答案。besides此外；otherwise否则，要不然；altogether总之。5.(2012全国卷)I dont believe weve met before,_ I must say you do look familiar.A.therefore B.althoughC.since D.unless解题关键：结合句意分析句子结构。思路分析：选B。考查连词和状语从句。句意:我认为我们以前没见过面,尽管我必须承认你看起来确实很面熟。根据句意可知,前后之间是转折关系。therefo
15、re因此;although虽然,尽管;但是therefore为副词，不符合句子结构；since自从,既然;unless除非，不符合句意。所以选B。6.(2012湖南高考)_I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.A.While B.Once C.If D.Until解题关键：while引导让步状语从句时要位于句首。思路分析：选A。考查状语从句。句意:尽管我总是会感到我能通过考试,但是我从没有想过我会得个“优”。A项while尽管，引导让步状语从句，符合句意；B项once一旦,曾经，引导时间状语从句
16、；C项if 如果，引导条件状语从句；D项until直到，引导时间状语从句。7.(2012湖南高考)_hard you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A.However B.WhateverC.Whichever D.Whenever解题关键：however引导让步状语从句的用法。思路分析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：无论你多么努力地尝试,在不减少你的食量的情况下很难减肥。however无论如何,不管怎样,引导让步状语从句的结构为：however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。
17、whatever无论什么样;whichever无论哪一个;whenever无论何时。8.（2012陕西高考）Hot _the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A.although B.asC.while D.however解题关键：as引导让步状语从句要使用倒装结构。思路分析：选B。考查状语从句和倒装。句意:尽管晚间的空气很热,我们还是睡得很沉,因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。句子前半部分为让步状语从句,A项、B项、C项都可表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,但此句为倒装结
18、构,表语hot 提前,只有as 引导让步状语从句要用倒装语序,although与while 不能用倒装，所以B项符合题意。.单项填空1.(2013景德镇高一检测)He devoted every spare moment to studying English,_ his wife was devoted to music.A.when B.though C.if D.while【解析】选D。考查连词。句意：他将业余时间致力于学习英语，而他的妻子致力于音乐。根据句意可知前后两句话表示对比，故用while然而。2.(2013宿州高一检测)If we work with a strong will
19、,we can get over any difficulty,_great it is.A.how B.however C.no matter what D.whatever【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：如果我们工作时意志坚强，我们可以战胜任何困难，不管它有多大。根据句意可知这是一个让步状语从句，修饰形容词great，要用however。3.(2013郑州高一检测)_everyone else wouldnt go to the mountain area,he went without a second thought.A.As long as B.While C.In spite of
20、D.Where【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：尽管没有其他人愿意去山区，但是他毫不犹豫地去了。位于句首引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，要用while。as long as只要；in spite of不管，是介词短语，不能引导从句；where引导地点状语从句。4.Young _he is,he devotes every minute to reading the English newspaper.A.though B.although C.while D.however【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：尽管他年龄很小，他把时间都用在读英语报纸上。分析句子结构可知表语形容词young前置于句首，可知
21、引导句子的连词能用于倒装结构，四个连词都可以引导让步状语从句，但是用倒装结构的只有though。though/as引导让步状语从句时，可提前表语、状语或动词原形。5.Jeans are popular with teenagers nowadays,_they are not appropriate for a normal party.A.so B.or C.but D.and【解析】选C。考查并列连词。句意：目前牛仔服很受年轻人的喜欢，但是它们不适合在正式晚会上穿。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but表示语意的转折。6.Many people donated a lot of m
22、oney to the disaster area,thats far from enough,_.A.however B.though C.but D.yet【解析】选B。考查副词。句意：许多人向灾区捐了很多钱，然而还远远不够。前后两个分句为转折关系，但是根据空前的逗号可知要填入的为表示转折的副词，排除but，另外however一般用于句首或句中，yet一般不用逗号和句子的其他成分隔开。though作表转折的副词，常位于句中或句末，用逗号隔开，故选B项。7.She prefers the sofa made of real leather_ it costs more than that m
23、ade of artificial leather.A.although B.while C.since D.as【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：她喜欢真皮沙发，尽管真皮沙发的价钱比人造革的沙发贵很多。while引导让步状语从句要位于句首；since由于，既然，不符合句意；as引导让步状语从句时使用倒装结构；故选A项。8.I thought he would offer to pick me up._,he even refused me when I asked him to do so.A.In other words B.However C.Whats more D.Otherwise【解
24、析】选B。考查连词。句意：我认为他会主动开车接我。然而，当我要求他接时他甚至拒绝了。in other words换句话说；however然而；whats more另外；otherwise否则。9._our football team failed in the match,we did our best.A.Though B.But C.Because D.As【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：尽管我们的足球队输了比赛，但是我们都尽力了。though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，符合句意。but但是；because因为；as因为,当的时候,作“尽管”讲时要用倒装结构。【变式训练】_,he
25、talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may beB.Quiet student as he may beC.Be a quiet student as he mayD.Quiet as he may be student【解析】选B。在由as/though引导的让步状语从句中，可以把名词/动词/形容词/副词提前，形成倒装，如果是可数名词，名词前用零冠词。10.Although he had to pick up his friend,_he couldnt find time t
26、o do it.A.so B.but C.yet D.or【解析】选C。考查连词。句意：他要去接他的朋友，可是找不到时间去接。although引导让步状语从句不与but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。.选用合适的词填空1.Please keep still _(while/though)I am taking photos for you.2._(As/While)the task was difficult,we managed to finish it on time.3.Hearing that he got the first place,he was surprised _(h
27、owever/but)happy.whileWhilebut4.At first he insisted that he was right,_(however/though),he admitted he was wrong at last.5.Hard _(although/though)she worked,she still failed again.6.He promised to come to my party;he didnt,_(though/but).howeverthoughthoughHomework Finish the exercises on Page 73,SB.Exchange the idea about Grammar in this lesson.
