1、Unit1 ScienceandScientistsLearning About Language2022-2023学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课前导学一、语法解析名词性从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在连系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等。1.连接词类别连接词例句从属连词that不作句子成分，也没有意义，通常不可省略My suggestion is that you should have patience. 我的建议是你应该有耐心。whether 不作句子成分，但
2、有“是否”的意义，一般不用if代替The question is whether we can cut down the costs of the product. 问题是我们能否降低产品成本。because, as if/through等He has to watch his weight.That is because he has heart disease.他不得不注意自己的体重，那是因为他有心脏病。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,
3、 whoever, whatever, whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语The problem is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。This is just what we are always looking forward to. 这正是我们一直盼望着的。连接副词when, where, why, how等。在从句中作状语That is where he was born and brought up. 那就是他出生和被养大的地方。Their difficulty is how they can
4、 clear their debts. 他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。2. 需要注意的问题as if/though 引导的表语从句的语气as if/though 引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, appear, sound, feel 等后。若表述真实的情况，就用陈述语气；若表述与客观事实相反的假设，则用虚拟语气。It seems as if he benefits a lot from the project.看起来好像他从这个项目中获益不少。 (陈述语气）It looks as if/though he were drunk.他看上去好像喝醉了。 (虚拟语气）表语从句的特
5、殊句式（The reason why. . .is that. . . 的原因是 (why引导定语从句，修饰 the reason, that引导表语从句）This/That/It is because . . . 这那是因为 (because引导表语从句，从句表原因）This/That/It is why . . . 这那就是的原因。 (why引导表语从句，从句表结果）The reason why he didnt come is that he didnt receive the invitation. 他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。The woman was weeping bitter
6、ly. Thats because her son was drowned in a river. 那位女士痛哭流涕，那是因为她的儿子在河中溺亡了。 (先果后因）The womans son was drowned in a river. Thats why she was weeping bitterly. 那位女士的儿子在河中溺亡了，那是她痛哭流涕的原因。 (先因后果） 表语从句中的虚拟语气主语是表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词，如 suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand 等时，表语
7、从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。His order was that all boys gather quickly around the car. 他的命令是所有男孩子要速在汽车周围集合。二、语法填空1_(think) ballet was more or less the same everywhere, I was totally unprepared for its unique beauty.
8、 （所给词的适当形式填空）2This is _ heat can melt ice, vaporize water and cause bodies to expand. （用适当的词填空）3_ I want to know is _ road we should take. （用适当的词填空）4The result of the invention of steam engine was _ human power was replaced by mechanical power. （用适当的词填空）5Please put the medicine on the top of the she
9、lf. Its _our children cant reach it. （用适当的词填空）6The last time we had great fun together was _ we were visiting the Water Park. （用适当的词填空）7The little girl _ got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother. （用适当的词填空）8Actually, girls can be _ they want to be just like boys, _ it is a pilot,
10、an astronaut, or a manager . （用适当的词填空）9From space, the earth looks blue. Thats _about 71% of its surface _(cover) by water. （用适当的词填空）10It seems _ the brain is preserving its most important memories.(用适当的词填空)3参考答案：1Thinking【详解】考查现在分词。句意：因为我觉得芭蕾在任何地方都差不多一样，所以我对它独特的美完全没有准备。分析句子结合句意可知，空处应用分词形式作状语，且think
11、与主语I之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词表主动，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Thinking。2why【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么热量可以融化冰，使水蒸发，并导致身体膨胀。分析句子结构可知，“_heat can melt ice, vaporize water and cause bodies to expand”为表语从句，根据句意可知，表语从句中缺少原因状语，所以用why引导。故填why。3 What which【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：我想知道的是我们应该走哪条路。分析句子可知，主语从句“ I want to know”中缺少宾语，要表达“的事”，应用连接代词w
12、hat引导该主语从句；“ road we should take”是表语从句，表达“哪一条(路)”，语意中包含选择范围，需要用连接代词which引导该表语从句。故填What；which。4that【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：蒸汽机发明的结果是人力被机械力所取代。结合空格前的系动词was可知，空格处填入表语从句引导词，从句不缺成分，应填入只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。5where【详解】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：请把药放在架子顶上。是我们的孩子够不到的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，该从句中不缺主语或宾语，主句中It指代的是“the top of the
13、shelf”，是地方，因此从句表示“这是我们的孩子够不到的地方”，因此空格处用表示地方的连接副词where引导表语从句，故填where。6when【详解】考查表语从句。句意：上次我们一起玩得很开心是在参观水上公园的时候。分析句子结构可知，“_we were visiting the Water Park”为表语从句，根据句意可知表语从句中缺少时间状语，所以用when来引导。故填when。7 who where【详解】考查定语从句关系词和表语从句。句意：迷路的小女孩决定留在原地等待母亲考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“The little girl got lost ”是一个定语从句，先行词是T
14、he little girl，关系词在从句中作主语，应该用关系代词that引导从句；“The little girl .decided to remain she was and wait for her mother.” 是一个表语从句，连接词在从句中作地点状语，因此，应该用连接副词where引导。故填who where。8 whatever whether【详解】考查表语从句和让步状语从句。句意：事实上，女孩可以像男孩一样成为任何她们想成为的人，无论是飞行员、宇航员还是经理。根据句子结构可知，第一空应填连接代词whatever引导表语从句，whatever同时在该从句中充当be的表语，意为
15、“不管什么”；第二空应填连词whether，whether.or.可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句，意为“不管是还是”。在句中从属连词whether只起到引导连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，只表示疑问语气。故填：whatever；whether。9 because is covered【详解】考查表语从句连接词、被动语态、时态和主谓一致。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它大约71%的表面被水覆盖。分析句子结构可知，第一个空所在的句子一个表语从句，连接词后句子表示原因，因此，第一空应该是连接词because引导从句；主语surface是单数形式，和谓语动词cover之间是被动关系，句意阐述事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时被动语态形式is covered。故填becauseis covered。10that#as if【详解】考查固定句型。句意：大脑似乎在保存它最重要的记忆。结合句意表示“似乎”可知句型为It seems that/as if。故填that/as if。5
