1、(二)冠 词一、不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人或事物，相当于any。A square has four sides.2.泛指某人或某事物。A bad workman quarrels with his tools.3.表示一个，相当于one。I have a mouth，a nose and two eyes.4.表示“每一”。Take this medicine three times a day.5.表示“同一”，相当于the same。The two boys are of an age.6.用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”等。They were caught i
2、n a heavy rain.7.用于专有名词之前表示某一个。A Mr.Li is asking to see you at the school gate.8.用于某些固定词组中。a few，a lot of，a bit，have a rest，take a bus，have a good time，live a happy life【说明】a和the都可表泛指，区别如下：(1)a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands acro
3、ss.老虎是个子很大而凶猛的野生猫科动物，毛黄色，有黑色斑纹。(2)the表类指，指的是整个类别。The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.虎有灭绝的危险。二、定冠词the的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，用于区别同类中的其他人或事物。Shall I introduce the new camera to you?2.表示上文或第二次提及的人或事物。There is a bag on the desk.The bag is Mikes.3.表示交谈双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window to let some fresh air
4、in.4.特指世界上独一无二的事物或自然现象。the sun，the earth，the sky，the moon【注】有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。space(太空)nature(自然)heaven(天堂)5.用于表示方位的名词前。the east，the south，the right，the left，the front6.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，以及对两人或事物进行对比时起特定作用的比较级前。the tallest boy，the taller of the two boys7.用于某些形容词或过去分词之前，表示一类人。the poor(穷人)the sick
5、(病人)the wounded(伤员)8.用于姓氏的复数形式之前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。the Smiths(史密斯一家人)the Browns(布朗夫妇)9.用于单数可数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。The horse is a useful animal.10.用于集合名词前，表示一个整体。the working class；the Chinese football team11.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前，表示国家、党派、组织、机构、报刊、朝代、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等。the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国)the Peoples Dail
6、y(人民日报)12.用于表示发明物或乐器名称的单数名词前。Do you know who invented the telephone?13.用于世纪的某个年代前。in the 1990s/1990s(20世纪90年代)14.用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前，泛指全体人民，这些词常以sh，ch，ese结尾。the English；the French；the Chinese15.用于表示度量单位的名词前。The eggs are sold by the dozen.16.用于某些固定词组中。in the end；by the way；the more.，the more.三、零冠词的用法1.在
7、季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类名词前。Spring follows winter.冬去春来。比较：They came to Beijing in the winter of 1997.2.称呼语或表示头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前。We elected him president of our university.3.表抽象意义或一般意义的时间名词前。at daybreak；at sunrise；at sunset；at noon；at midday；at night；at midnight；before(after)dark；from dawn until dar
8、k；from morning till night4.表乘交通工具的短语中。by bike；by car；by boat；by plane(air)；by train；on foot；on horseback比较：on a bike；in a car；in(on)a(the)train(carriage，bus)；on a(the)ship；take a bus；catch the train；ride in a bus5.单数可数名词前不用a冠词的情况。After graduation from college he turned teacher(became a teacher).Chil
9、d as/though he is，he knows a lot.Air is to man what water is to fish.6.在表示行为、状态、特征、原因及说明方式、目的的习语中。at table(吃饭)in court(出庭作证)in debt(欠债)in good condition(状况好)in great need；in motion(在运动中)in office(就职)in honour of；in favor of；with anger；in size；in character(在性格上)in sight；in(out of)order；on business；on
10、 leave(休假)；on strike四、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别be in charge of 负责be in the charge of 由负责；在掌管之下by day 在白天by the day 按日计算It is out of question.那是毫无疑问的。It is out of the question.那是根本不可能的。three of us 我们中的三个人the three of us 我们三个人take place 发生take the place of 代替五、冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词要放在形容词之前。但下列情况例外：1.冠词放在qui
11、te，many，such，what等词之后。quite an interesting story2.so/as/too/how形容词a/an单数名词。Its too difficult a problem.3.rather可位于冠词前或后。a rather cold dayrather a cold day4.half 可位于冠词之前，也可位于冠词之后。half an houra half hour5.all，both放在the之前。all the books；both the boys过关落实1.Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons，please?S
12、orry，we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A.the；the B.the；a C.不填；the D.the；不填解析：the Johnsons 指Johnson一家的房子、诊所等；第二空填a为泛指，“一个叫Johnson的人”。答案：B2.I wanted to catch _ early train，but couldnt get _ ride to the station.A.an；the B./；the C.an；/D.the；a解析：the early train，早班车；get a ride to.，搭车去(某地)。答案：D3._
13、 walk is expected to last all day，so bring _ packed lunch.A.A；a B.The；不填C.The；a D.A；不填解析：the walk指大家都知道的活动；a packed lunch，指(外带)一顿午餐。答案：C4.I like _ color of your skirt.It is _ good match for your blouse.A.a；the B.a；a C.the；a D.the；the解析：the color of your skirt，特指你的衬衫的颜色；a good match for表示和很搭配。答案：C 5.
14、For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living.A.a；a B.the；a C.the；the D.a；the解析：the stage 意为“舞台”，而固定搭配a means of 则为“的方式”(此处means单复数同形)。答案：B6.According to _ review of 44 studies，American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _ heart disease by 76%.A.a；t
15、he B.the；a C.a；/D./；a解析：由句意“根据由44人组成的调查中”可知，此处review表泛指；另外疾病前不加冠词。答案：C7.Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops，or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material.A.the；the B.the；/C./；the D./；/解析：复数名词forests表泛指；下句中的wood是forests中的，故为特指。答案：C8.I knocked over my coffee cup.It went rig
16、ht over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A.the；不填B.the；a C.a；不填D.a；a解析：表特指要加定冠词；不定冠词可放在单数名词前，泛指一类人或物。答案：B9.This book tells _ life story of John Smith，who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.A.the；the B.a；the C.the；不填D.a；不填解析：life后有介词短语作定语特指，故前加the；leave school
17、意为“辍学”。答案：C10.Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?If you made _ most of the equipment，there would be _ rise in production.A./；/B.the；a C.the；the D.the；/解析：make the most of 指“善加利用”；rise作名词，泛指“提升、升高”时前无冠词，但当“提升之人(物)”时，前则加不定冠词。答案：B11.The salesman said that _ thie
18、f was a young man with _ brown hair.A.the；a B.the；不填C.a；不填D.a；a解析：此处the thief为说话双方能领会的；hair不可数名词前一般无冠词。答案：B12.The shop needs more childrens toys in _ store，for the Childrens Day is just around _ corner.A.the；/B./；the C.a；the D.the；the解析：in store意为“贮藏着、准备着”；around the corner意为“在拐角处”；“即将来临”。答案：B13.Wil
19、l _ sofa do?Sure.But if you havent，_ chair is OK.A.the；a B.a；the C.a；a D./；/解析：考查冠词。此处的sofa 和chair都是泛指一类物品中的任何一件，所以都用不定冠词。此题易误选A和B。答案：C14.Tom couldnt remember the exact date of the storm，but he knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A.a；/B./；the C./；a D.the；/解析：根据句意，a Sunday表“一个星期天”；(be)at church意为“做礼拜”。答案：A15.The party last night was _ great success.We sang and danced until it came to _ end at 1200.A.a；an B.a；the C.the；an D./；the解析：success指“成功的人(事)”时为可数名词，前可加不定冠词；come to an end 表示“结束”。答案：A
