1、Unit 3Science and nature.单词语境记忆1.a box of tissues一盒面巾纸2.family physician 家庭医生3.transform the landscape 使景观发生变化4.a new concept in business travel 商务旅行的新理念5.a town with a relatively low crime rate 犯罪率相对较低的一个城镇6.relations between the two countries 两国关系7.win by a majority of 500 以500票的多数票获胜8.part of ord
2、inary life 日常生活的一部分9.confirm the first witnesss story 证实了第一个证人的说法10.owe him a favour 欠他一个人情.词汇转换与派生记忆1.profit n.利润，收益 vi.& vt.获益；对有用2.exact adj.精确的，准确的exactly adv.精确地；准确地3.intention n.意图，目的；企图intend vt.打算，想要4.anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑，不安anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的5.adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳adopted adj.收养的adoption n.采用；收养6
3、.legal adj.法律许可的，合法的illegal adj.(反义词)非法的7.consequence n.结果，后果consequent adj.随之发生的consequently adv.因此，所以8.profession n.职业，行业professional adj.专业的，职业的9.original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的origin n.起源；出身，来历10.judgment n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决judge v.判断11.conduct vt.实施；指挥(乐队)conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥12.majority n.多数，大多数
4、minority n.少数民族；少数派13.consideration n.仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及consider v.考虑，认为considering prep.鉴于，考虑到considerate adj.体贴的14.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的rely vi.依靠，依赖15.accurate adj.准确的，精确的accurately adv.准确地，精确地16.actual adj.真实的，实际的actually adv.事实上，实际上17.frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐frightening adj.令人害怕的frightened adj.(人)感
5、到害怕的18.permission n.准许，许可，批准permit vt.许可，准许 n.许可证联想记忆1.源于动词短语的合成词breakthrough n. 突破income n. 收入，收益overthrow v. 推翻input v.& n. 输入output v.& n. 输出uplift v. 举起outstanding adj. 杰出的2.形形色色“有缘词”tissue n.组织issue n.问题dessert n.甜点desert v.& n.舍弃；沙漠affect vt.影响effect n.影响principle n.信条principal n.校长3.有病不可乱投“医”
6、physician n. 内科医生surgeon n. 外科医生dentist n. 牙医eye doctor n. 眼科医生chemist n. 药剂师，化学家4.“犯罪”相关词小结crime n. 罪，罪行offence n. 冒犯，犯罪guilt n. 犯罪，有罪accuse vt. 控告；指控charge vi. 控告commit vt. 犯(罪)punish vt. 惩罚；处罚sentence vt. 判决；宣判5.“情绪”名词集锦anxiety 焦虑，忧虑depression 沮丧；抑郁症sorrow 悲伤；悲痛sadness 悲伤，难过grief 悲伤；伤心事6.一“字”之差，意
7、义大不同adapt v.适应adopt v.收养content v.& n.内容context n.上下文sweat v.& n.汗水sweet adj.甜的march v.前进match v.& n.比赛steal v.偷steel n.钢7.结识“or”人conductor 售票员；(乐队)指挥visitor 参观者，来访者director 导演；负责人instructor 讲师；教员translator 译员，翻译者inventor 发明者，发明家1.on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面另一方面2.toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把当作儿戏3.on t
8、he way to doing sth 即将做某事4.push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进5.for sale 供出售，待出售6.be/get_burnt_out 耗尽体力，累垮7.follow_in_ones_footsteps 效仿某人8.take.into_consideration 认真考虑9.in_favour_of 赞同，支持10.point_of_view 观点联想记忆1.“累垮”的多种表达be/get burnt outbe/get worn outbe/get tired outbe/get exhausted2.“考虑”短语小结take.into con
9、sideration认真考虑take.into account 认真考虑take account of 考虑think over 仔细考虑1.The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。2.The boy was more_frightened_than_hurt.这个男孩与其说受伤，不如说是害怕。3.Not_everything that is best for nature is good for people.并不是所
10、有对自然最好的事情对人类也是好的。4.Nowhere_is_this_truer than with genetically modified(GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。 核心要点突破1.intention n.意图，目的；企图have no intention to do sth/of doing sth无意做某事with the intention of 抱有目的，打算My intention to write this letter is to tell you an outgoing that we will make these days.(2017浙江高考书面表达
11、)我写信想告诉你未来几天我们打算郊游的打算。He wrote the letter with_the_intention_of_asking_for_some_advice.他写信的目的是征求建议。Our original _ was to devote three months to the project，but obviously the reality has gone far beyond our expectations.(2019南京市四校第一学期联考)A.instruction B.intentionC.inspiration D.introduction答案B句意：我们的原计
12、划是在该工程上投入三个月的时间，但是实际情况显然已经远远超出了我们的预期。根据句意及句中的“the reality has gone far beyond our expectations”可知，intention“计划，目的，意图”符合语境。instruction“命令，指导”；inspiration“灵感”；introduction“介绍，引进”。2.adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳(1)adopt an approach/a policy采用某方法/政策(2)adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的an adopted son 养子(3)adoptive adj. 收养的；有
13、收养关系的an adoptive father 养父(4)adoption n. 收养；采纳，采用Pauls mother had him adopted because she couldnt look after him herself.保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。He was cheated into_believing_that_he_was_an_adopted_son.他被骗得相信自己是个养子。3.favour n.帮助；喜爱；恩惠；赞同v.喜爱；偏袒ask sb a favourask a favour of sb求某人帮一个忙do a favour fo
14、r sbdo sb a favour 帮某人一个忙in favour of 赞成，支持，主张in ones favour 对某人有利Immediately those who were in favour of the proposal raised their hands.那些赞成这个建议的人立即举起了手。劳驾，请把窗户打开好吗？Would you do me a favour to_open the window？(open)Would you do me the favour of_opening the window？(open)Good news is that most state
15、s have adjusted the common law rules _ the injured workers.A.on account of B.on behalf ofC.in favour of D.in honor of答案C句意：好消息是大部分州都对普通法规作出了有利于受伤的工人的修改。in favor of支持，有利于，符合语境，故选C项。on account of由于，因为；on behalf of代表；in honor of为了纪念。名师指津 若favour 之后跟有表示其具体内容的不定式或of doing sth，则其前面必须用定冠词the。4.consequence
16、n.C结果，后果as a consequence in consequence因此，结果in consequence of as a consequence of 由于的缘故，因而take/suffer/face/deal with the consequences 承担后果of no/little consequence 无足轻重的，不重要的As a result/consequence，in order to enrich my social experience，I decided to apply for the job.(2016全国卷书面表达 )因此，为了丰富我的社会经验，我决定申
17、请这份工作。He broke the law，and now he must face_the_consequences_of_his_actions.他触犯了法律，现在他必须承担自己的行为带来的后果。_your bad work，I am forced to dismiss you.A.With a view to B.In the face ofC.In protest against D.In consequence of答案D句意：因为你工作差，所以我被迫解雇你。in consequence of “因为，由于”，符合句意。in the face of “面对”；with a view
18、 to “抱着做某事的希望”；in protest against “反对”。名师指津 表示“结果”的短语派对：as a result，result in，lead to，bring about等。5.majority n.多数，大多数(1)in a/the majority占大多数a/the majority of 大多数by/with a majority of 以大多数(2)minority n. 少数in the minority 占少数It is reported that _ the young with their parents working in distant citie
19、s，suffer from a sense of loneliness.A.the most of B.the majority ofC.the number of D.a large amount of答案B句意：据报道，那些父母在遥远的城市工作的年轻人大部分都有孤独感。故选B。Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.A.is；are B.is；isC.are；are D.are；is答案A分数、百分比、the majority of，the mi
20、nority of等结构的单复数取决于其后面所跟的名词的单复数。the country是单数，而the citizens是复数，故选A。名师指津 the majority作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可；“the majority of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。6.confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信confirm sth证实，确认confirm that/whclause 确定，证实confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事It has been confirmed that. 已确定The announcement confirmed that th
21、e election would take place on June 20th.公告证实选举将在6月20日举行。We have confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.It_has_been_confirmed_that the meeting will take place next week.(it作形式主语)Two horrible accidents that happened last week _ our belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.A.co
22、nfirm B.combineC.conduct D.confuse答案A句意：上周发生的两次重大事故使我们坚信需要制定更强有力的安全法规。故选A。7.on the one hand.on the other (hand).一方面另一方面at hand用手；亲自give/lend sb a hand 帮某人一把hand in hand 手拉手；同时并存in hand (钱、物、时间)在手中；(局势)在控制中on hand 在手边(随时可用)；出席，在场So it was with really great satisfaction that I stood in church one rece
23、nt Sunday，video camera in hand.最近的一个星期天，我非常满意地站在教堂里，手里拿着一架录像机。The young teacher wants to help his students as much as he can，but _，hed better help them learn on their own.A.for one thing B.in other wordsC.as usual D.on the other hard答案D句意：这位年轻的教师想尽可能地多帮助学生，但另一方面，他最好帮他们独自学习。for one thing“一方面”；in othe
24、r words“换句话说”；as usual“像往常一样”；on the other hand“另一方面”。结合语意应选D。辨析比较on the one hand.on the other (hand)，for one thing.for another (thing).on the one hand.on the other (hand).“一方面另一方面”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等for one thing.for another (thing).“首先，再者”，所述两个方面的情况常常一致选用上述短语填空On the one hand，par
25、ents go mad over messy rooms.On_the_other_hand，teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for not cleaning up their room.一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间而发疯，另一方面，青少年会因为父母责备他们没有打扫房间而渐渐失去耐心。This story is unsuitable.For one thing its too long；for_another its too dull.这个故事不合适。首先它太长，再者，它太枯燥乏味。名师指津 o
26、n the one hand中的the可以省略；on (the) one hand和on the other hand成对出现时，第二个hand可以省略。8.take sth into consideration 考虑到；顾及(1)consider v.仔细考虑，细想；认为，以为consider doing. 考虑做consider sb/sth to be/as. 认为某人(物)为all things considered 总而言之；考虑到所有情况(2)considerate adj. 考虑周到的；体贴的be considerate of 对体贴It is considerate of sb
27、 to do. 某人做真体贴。(3)considering prep.& conj. 考虑到；就而言 I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration. (陕西高考书面表达)我相信不会辜负您的期望。如果您考虑到给我机会我将不胜感激。Biologists asked the government to consider_reintroducing_wolves_to Yellowstone Park.生物学
28、家要求政府考虑把狼群重新引入黄石公园。我认为他是最佳人选。I consider him to_be/as_the_best_candidate.I consider that he_is_the_best_candidate.It was _ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.A.careless B.considerateC.patient D.generous答案B句意：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb to do
29、 sth这一结构。careless粗心的；considerate考虑周到的；patient有耐心的；generous慷慨的，大方的。9.nowhere 与形容词比较级连用表示最高级含义 Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.(教材原句)转基因食品就是最好的例子。(1)在英语中，“No other单数名词/Nothing/No one/None/Nobody.比较级than.”句型是比较级表示最高级，句意：再没有比更的了。(2)cant/couldnt比较级，表示“再不过，不可能再”。Nothing is m
30、ore valuable than friendship.再没有比友谊更有价值的了。Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have_never_been_more_popular.布莱克先生很高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从来没像现在这样受欢迎过。Shall I come and have a talk with you?_.We can well communicate with each other.A.It couldnt be better B.Of course you canC.If you li
31、ke D.Its up to you答案A根据答语“We can well communicate with each other.”可知，答话人非常赞同两人谈一谈。“It couldnt be better”是否定式的比较级，表示最高级含义。10.more.than. The boy was more frightened than hurt. (教材原句)这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。no more than仅仅；只不过no more.than.
32、 和一样不not more than 不超过not more.than. 没有那样more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常Generally，it contains no more than 75，000 entries，making it handy to carry to class and efficient to use.它(袖珍词典)通常只包含七万五千个词条，便于带到课堂上，非常实用。I think this is more to show off the special effects than to help the films plot.在我看来，这是为了炫耀特技，而不是有
33、助于表现电影的情节。It took more_than building supplies to construct these energysaving houses.It took brains，too.建造这些节能的房屋，不仅仅要花费建筑材料，还要付出智力。 多义词汇专练选出语境中加黑词汇的含义1.conductA.vt.引导B.vt.指挥C.vt.导电D.vt.实施，进行E.n.行为，举止Your conduct is not consistent with what you say.EThe guide conducted us around the ruins of the anc
34、ient city.AA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.(2018天津高考阅读A)DMost metals can conduct electricity.CWho is conducting the orchestra tonight？B2.favourA.n.帮助B.n.偏爱C.n.支持He divided the candy among the children without favour to anyone.BTwentyfive years later，in 2003，while
35、 I was driving to a nearby town one day，I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat，trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.(陕西高考阅读B)AThey are all in favour of cutting down on the income tax.C3.profitA.n.利润，收益B.n.好处，益
36、处C.vi.获益D.vt.对有用/有好处I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.DTravis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员) and profits of over 2 million per year.(辽宁高考阅读D)AI like reading each day for profit and pleasure.BIm sure that all of you will profit from this s
37、pecial experience.C.用合适的介词或副词填空1.Its very impolite of her to leave without saying goodbye to anyone.2.Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed into heat.3.Security should be taken into consideration with any Website.4.Ill raise both hands in_favour of banning smoking inside the school
38、 yard.5.Whatever happens，we must push ahead _with our plan to increase production.6.He is a doctor and expects his son to follow _in his footsteps.7.The little girl would toy _with her ear whenever she felt embarrassed.8.He is on_the way to becoming a famous writer.9.The Browns are leaving the town，
39、so their house is for_sale.10.The purpose of many festivities is to frighten away bad spirits.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.You write an unkind message about someone，intending(intend) to send it to a friend，but accidentally send it to the person youre discussing.2.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and rais
40、e $50，000 in support of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger(hungry).3.Consequently(consequence)，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，leading to a slower growth.4.We are still waiting for the court to pass judgement(judge) on the case.5.When considering(consider) a merger(兼并)，for ex
41、ample，they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.6.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety(anxious).7.Muir succeeds where other designers have failedher clothes are original(or
42、igin)，yet stylish.8.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional(profession) competence.9.This new research can serve as a model of how to measure the speed of a car accurately(accurate).10.The audience complain that inserted(insert) advertisements are b
43、oring when they are watching TV series.一句多译1.很遗憾地告诉你我们不打算考虑你提出的要求。We regretted to tell you that we will not take_your_request_into_account.We regretted to tell you that we will not take_your_request_into_consideration.2.请再次输入密码，确认是否正确。Please reenter your password to confirm_it_is_correct.Please reen
44、ter your password to make_sure_it_is_correct.3.当我在英国遇见她时，我非常惊讶。I was very_surprised when I met her in England.I was more_than_surprised when I met her in England.4.现在下着雨，因此比赛将不得不被推迟了。It is raining now and as_a_result，the match will have to be delayed.It is raining now and as_a_consequence，the match
45、will have to be delayed.It is raining now and consequently，the match will have to be delayed.5.请你帮我一个忙关上门好吗？ Will you help_me_(to)_shut_the_door ?Will you do_me_the_favour_to_shut_the_door ?Will you assist_me_in_shutting_the_door? .完成句子1.The movie is_intended_for adults，so it isnt suitable for child
46、ren.这部电影是为成年人准备的，不适合儿童。2.China is now a sports power and it is on its way to_becoming a science power.中国已经是一个体育强国，不久的将来，中国将会成为一个科技强国。3.Im considering becoming a teacher after graduation because a teacher is often considered to_be the engineer of human souls.我在考虑毕业后当老师，因为老师常被认为是人类灵魂的工程师。4.Helen studi
47、es very hard.She is always the first to_come and the last to_leave.海伦学习很用功。她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。5.I have never been to a place that_is_more_beautiful than Suzhou.苏州是我去过的最美的地方。.单项填空1.The children _ after playing outside the whole day long.A.got burnt out B.ran outC.put out D.made out答案Aget burnt out累垮，耗尽体力
48、；run out用完，耗尽；put out扑灭；make out辨认出；理解。此处指“孩子们在户外玩了一整天后很累”。2.Digital teaching，as you know，since introduced，has _ our way of learning，enabling us to focus more in class.A.traded B.transformedC.translated D.transported答案B句意：正如你知道的，数字化教学自引入以来就改变了我们的学习方式，使我们在课堂上更聚精会神。transform意为“改变”，符合语境。trade交易；transla
49、te翻译；transport交通。3.Nobody in life gets _ what they thought they were going to get.But if you work really hard and youre kind，amazing things will happen.A.simply B.exactlyC.seemingly D.really答案B句意：生活中，没有人能完全得到他们想要得到的东西。但是，如果你真正地付诸努力并且善良，奇迹就会发生。simply仅仅，简单地；exactly确切地，准确地；seemingly看来似乎，表面上看来；really真正地
50、。4.To prevent further pollution，many people are _ the use of alternative energy sources.A.applying to B.compensating forC.catering to D.pushing for答案D句意：为了防止进一步的污染，很多人正在努力寻求使用可替代能源。push for表示“努力争取获得”，符合语境。apply to适用于，应用于；compensate for补偿，弥补；cater to迎合。5.He decides to devote his life to protecting wi
51、ldlife，the tiger _.A.in advance B.in particularC.in total D.in return答案Bin advance提前；in particular特别；in total总共；in return作为回报。此处指“特别保护老虎”。6.The President _ that he would visit France the following month.(2019扬州模拟)A.deserved B.confirmedC.predicted D.doubted答案B句意：总统确认在下个月他会去访问法国。deserve应该得到；confirm确认；
52、predict预测；doubt怀疑。根据句意可知B项正确。7.The local government has already collected three million dollars，_ for the environmental improvement.A.intended B.intendingC.to intend D.to be intended答案A句意：当地政府为了改善环境已经集资三百万美元。be intended for sth是习惯搭配，意为“旨在，目的是，为了”，此处相当于which is intended，省略了which is，用过去分词直接起补充说明的作用。8.
53、At the meeting，young people graduating from the famous university were in the _.A.distance B.majorityC.market D.event答案B句意：在这次会议上，毕业于名牌大学的年轻人占大多数。in the distance在远处；in the majority占大多数；in the market在市场上；in the event结果。9.The food safety problem we are looking forward to seeing _ has attracted the gov
54、ernments attention.A.solved B.solveC.to be solved D.solving答案A此句主句为The food safety problem has attracted the governments attention，其余部分为定语从句。在the food safety problem后省略了关系代词that/which，that/which在定语从句中作seeing的宾语，指代problem，所以宾语与宾语补足语(solve)间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。10.Nowhere else in the world _ to find this
55、kind of fish except in Brazil.A.went he B.he wentC.did he go D.he did go答案C句意：除了巴西外，他去的世界上其他地方都没有发现这种鱼。nowhere无处，任何地方都不，是否定副词，否定副词位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构，将助动词放到主语之前。故选C。11._，I can attach no definite meaning to this rather grand sentence.Why not turn to your teacher for help?A.As hard I might tryB.Try hard as
56、 I mightC.As hard as I might tryD.Try as hard as I might.答案B12.It made our head teacher angry _ Wang Lin，without the _ from the school，was absent from class for a week.A.that；permission B.which；permitC.which；permission D.that；permit答案A句意：王琳未经学校允许旷课一周，这使我们校长很生气。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，故用tha
57、t引导。permission允许，许可；permit许可证。13.The car burned more fuel，but taking all things into _，it is still a good car.A.expectation B.considerationC.solution D.inspection答案B句意：这辆小汽车很耗油，但综合考虑的话，仍然是一辆不错的车。take.into consideration“仔细考虑，把考虑在内”，故选B。expectation“期望”；solution“解决(方法)”；inspection“检查”。.完形填空Life is a cl
58、ock swing.Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are _1_.It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is，and that gives me the viewpoint to _2_ the surprises of the future.But there is vast grassland of life in the middle，where the bad and the good flipflop (突然
59、改变)_3_.This is what convinces me to _4_ the 50percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地) so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed.I felt _6_at the wasted effort.Summer turned cruelthe worst heat wave and _7_ in my lifetime.The air conditioner died；the well went dry；the marri
60、age _8_；the job was lost；the money was gone.Only a popular Kansas City Royals team，bound for their first World Series，_9_ my spirits.Looking back on that _10_ summer，I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely _11_ the bad.I was owed and enjoyed the happy times.They _12_ me for the next
61、 dangerous surprise and offered _13_ that I can succeed.The 50percent theory even helps me see _14_ beyond my Royals recent fall.Oh，yeah，the corn crop？For that hot summer，the ground _15_ was just right，and the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with corn
62、fat and healthy _17_ my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳).Although plantings that year may have fallen below the original _18_ and they probably will do so again in the future，I am _19_ encouraged by the crop that had a “good” _20_ during the drought.【语篇解读】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在干旱的夏
63、天种植玉米的经历体会到读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历，也正是这样才练就了作者面对未来荣辱不惊的生活态度，同时作者也向我们介绍了其深信不疑的“对半理论”。1.A.worse B.easierC.stranger D.brighter答案A根据空前的“Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are”及下文作者阐述的“对半理论”可知，生活中的事情一半比正常状态要好，而另一半则比正常状态差。故空处应填worse与better构成对比。2.A.give out B.take downC.deal with D.go t
64、hrough答案C结合上文中的“It takes time and experience to understand .future”及下文作者对自己种玉米经历的描述可知，此处作者想要传达的是面对时好时坏的生活，需要时间和阅历读懂生活的常态，这样才能应对未来各种意想不到的事情。deal with“应对，处理”符合语境。3.A.slightly B.regularlyC.magically D.deliberately答案C根据上文中的“But there is vast grassland of life in the middle，where the bad and the good fli
65、pflop(突然改变)“及下文作者描述的自己种玉米的经历可知，好与坏之间有一大片生活的草原，在这片草原上坏事和好事会奇妙地突然改变。magically“魔法般地，神奇地”符合语境。4.A.break through B.believe inC.check on D.pick up答案B根据上文，尤其是“Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are _可知，作者对“对半理论”深信不疑。believe in “信任，相信”符合语境。5.A.stole B.ignor
66、edC.replaced D.flooded答案D根据上文中的“a bottomland(低洼地)so easily”和下文中的“and the lack of rain _ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者因在极易遭到水淹的低洼地种植玉米而遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。6.A.annoyed B.puzzledC.surprised D.embarrassed答案A根据上文中的“I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _ that neighbors laughed”和下文中的“the wast
67、ed effort”可知，作者为自己浪费了精力而感到懊恼。annoyed“烦恼的，恼火的”符合语境。7.A.wind B.floodC.storm D.drought答案D根据下文中的“The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和“the lack of rain _ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者在那年夏天遇到了人生中最严重的旱灾。drought“干旱，旱灾”符合语境。8.A.began B.endedC.continued D.disappeared答案B根据上文中的“Summer turned cruel
68、the worst heat wave and _ in my lifetime.The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和下文中的“the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，作者在那年夏天遭遇了天灾人祸：热浪袭人，干旱来袭，空调报废，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，惨遭失业，积蓄散尽。end“结束，终止”符合语境。9.A.relieved B.loweredC.purified D.inspired答案D根据上下文，尤其是该句中的“Only”一词可知，此处描述的是作者在那个夏天遇见的唯一好事，即作者虽然遭受了一系列不好的事
69、情，但是人气攀升的堪萨斯皇家棒球队首次进入World Series使作者精神振奋。inspire“激励，鼓舞”符合语境。10.A.horrible B.preciousC.colorful D.strange答案A根据上文中的“Summer turned cruel.the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，那个夏天对作者来说是可怕的。horrible“可怕的，吓人的”符合语境。11.A.allocated B.resistedC.balanced D.contradicted答案C根据作者在第一段中提及的“对半理论”以及下文作者提到的玉米的命运发生转变的内
70、容可知，生活总是好坏参半，以达到一种平衡。balance“抵消，保持平衡”符合语境。12.A.refreshed B.tiredC.convinced D.adjusted答案A根据作者信奉的“对半理论”及上文中的“I was owed and enjoyed the happy times”和下文中的“for the next dangerous surprise”可知，快乐的时光让作者重新恢复了精力以应对下一个“意外”。refresh“使恢复精力”符合语境。13.A.trust B.beliefC.advice D.courage答案B快乐的时光不仅让作者恢复了精力，也给予了作者相信自己可
71、以成功的信念。belief“信念”符合语境。14.A.determination B.creativityC.failure D.hope答案D“对半理论”甚至帮作者看到了希望，即使其喜爱的皇家棒球队最近处于低潮。hope“希望”符合语境。15.A.wetness B.freshnessC.thickness D.hardness答案A根据上文中的“in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _”和下文中的“the lack of rain _ the standing corn from floods”可知，玉米被种在原本易被淹没的低洼地，但由于那个炎热的夏天雨水很少，低洼地
72、的湿度正好适合玉米的生存。wetness“湿度”符合语境。16.A.separated B.dismissedC.abstracted D.spared答案D根据上文中的“the ground _ was just right”和下文中的“the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”可知，因为干旱，原本易被淹没的低洼地成了适合玉米生存的地方，缺少雨水使玉米逃脱了洪涝的威胁。spare.from.“使逃脱”符合语境。17.A.or B.andC.so D.while
73、答案D根据空前的“That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”和空后的“my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳)”可知，那年冬天，作者的家里堆满了饱满健康的玉米，而邻居家的地里却只产出了褐色的空壳子。空处前后为对比关系，故while“(对比两件事物)而，然而”符合语境。18.A.expectation B.requirementC.impression D.opportunity答案A根据上下文可知，尽管那年的收成没有达到作者原来的期望。expect
74、ation“期望，期待”符合语境。19.A.even B.againC.just D.still答案D尽管那年的收成没有达到作者原来的期望，而且将来还可能是这样，但作者仍然为经历干旱却丰收的玉米而备受鼓舞。still“仍然，还”符合语境。20.A.challenge B.harvestC.experiment D.reputation答案B参见上题解析。a good harvest“丰收”符合语境。challenge“挑战”；reputation“名望，声望”。.阅读理解Are inventors born or bred？A new study by a group of economist
75、s follows the lives of 1m American inventors in exceptional detail，including their parental circumstances，the neighbourhoods they grew up in and the colleges they attended.It shows that there are vast differences in the backgrounds of inventors measured by income，race and gender.Children born to par
76、ents in the top 1% are ten times likely to grow up to file a patent than those born to parents who make less than the median income.Boys are four times as likely as girls to grow up and file a patent，while white children are three times as likely as black ones to do so.These data may lend themselves
77、 to a fatalistic (宿命论的) view of innovation，but the authors provide strong evidence that a childs surroundings matter more than his genes.To tease out this point，the economists used thirdgrade test scores in New York City public schools as a rough measure of innate (先天的) ability.They show that even a
78、mong the brightest pupils，those who are lowincome or black are much less likely to go on to be inventors despite having the brains for it.“What the data suggest is that lowincome kids，minorities and women start out on a roughly equal footing to highincome males，and they gradually fall behind over ti
79、me，”says Raj Chetty，one of the studys authors.Most studies suggest this is down to worse schools and rougher neighbourhoods.But the authors marshal strong evidence for a different mechanism：early exposure to innovation，and to inventors themselves，seems to matter a great deal.Children with patenthold
80、ing parents are disproportionately likely to become inventors too.Moreover，children of patentholding parents are also much more likely to hold patents in the same niches as their fathers，which suggests that inventiveness is not merely genetic and that theres something more decisive for individuals i
81、nventiveness actually.Although parents and inherited privilege matter significantly，neighbourhoods also seem to have a large impact on future invention success：children who grew up in Silicon Valley，for example，are especially likely to develop computer technologieseven if they eventually move away.C
82、hildren are also more likely to develop inventions in the same specific fields as their parents coworkers and their patentholding neighbours.The authors suggest that boosting childhood exposure to inventors might be more effective than reducing marginal tax rates(边际税率) as a means of increasing econo
83、mywide innovation.Selective colleges，and ones where a higher share of students study technical disciplines，tend to produce more inventors.It should be no surprise then that the colleges that produce the most inventors per student are MIT，Caltech and Harvey Mudd College，three of Americas most competi
84、tive engineering schools.But again，factors beyond raw ability seem to matter.The college which produces the fourthhighest share of inventors in the data set is littleknown Kettering University in Flint，Michiganedging out brandname institutions like Stanford and Carnegie Mellon.Robert McMahan，Ketteri
85、ngs president，who himself holds five patents，credits the universitys unique history (until 1982 it was part of General Motors and retains deep ties with the car industry) and its requirement that students repeatedly alternate between classroom and job rotations.The relationship between environment a
86、nd inventiveness appears to be more different for boys than it is for girls.Average incomes and racial composition explain around 30% of the variance in patent rates across metropolitan (大城市的) areas for men，but only around 10% of the variance for women.Finding the right mentor(导师) seems to make all
87、the difference：Mr Chetty notes that girls were only more likely to become inventors if they grew up in areas with lots of women inventors (and likewise for boys and male inventors).If young girls were exposed to the same number of female inventors as boys were to male inventors，the authors calculate
88、，their invention rates would skyrocket by 164%，knocking out 55% of the gender gap.Economists reckon that longrun growth is caused mainly by technological change，and not shifts in labour or capital.The best policies to spur innovation，it seems，may have as much to do with mentorship as money.【语篇解读】本文为
89、一篇议论文。发明家究竟是天生的还是后天培养的呢？本文就此进行了分析。1.Who are most likely to become inventors?A.Boys with rich white parents.B.Girls with rich black parents.C.Girls with poor black parents.D.Boys with poor white parents.答案A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Children born to parents.to do so”可知，家境富裕的孩子比家境低于平均水平的孩子申请专利的可能性更大，男孩申请专利的可能性是女孩的
90、4倍，而白人孩子又是黑人孩子的3倍。故结合四个选项可知，应选A。2.What do the thirdgrade test scores in New York City public schools imply?A.The value of genes will be more striking over time.B.Genes are associated with an individuals background.C.Natural talent can influence a kids academic performance.D.Innate ability matters a
91、lot in a kids future achievements.答案C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“To tease out this point.of innate(先天的)ability”可知，经济学家用纽约公立学校三年级学生的测试分数来粗略衡量天赋。由此可推知，天赋会影响一个孩子的学业表现，故选C。3.What mainly accounts for the fact that inventors kids are more likely to be inventors?A.Their schooling. B.Their neighbourhoods.C.Their genetic
92、 factors. D.Their environment.答案D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Moreover，children of patentholding parents.individuals inventiveness actually”可知，拥有发明专利的父母的孩子更有可能成为发明家，这不仅仅是因为遗传的因素，还有一个更具决定性的因素。再结合第一段中的关键信息“the authors provide strong evidence that a childs surroundings matter more than his genes”和文中所举的其他影响孩子成为发明家的环境因
93、素(早期接触创新和发明者、拥有专利的父母、拥有专利的邻居等)可知，影响孩子成为发明家的更具决定性的因素是其所处的环境。故选D。4.Why is it unsurprising that MIT produces more inventors?A.Because its most teachers are inventors.B.Because its students work more diligently.C.Because it itself is a splendid engineering school.D.Because it brings in many advanced tea
94、ching facilities.答案C细节理解题。根据第四段的前两句“Selective colleges，and ones.most competitive engineering schools”可知，主修技术学科的学生比例较高的学校往往会培养出更多发明家，而MIT，Caltech和Harvey Mudd College这3所学校本身就是杰出的工程学校，他们的环境更有利于培养发明家，故选C。5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.A.boys in theory are more likely to become succes
95、sful inventorsB.girls inventiveness might hardly be inspired by male inventorsC.girls should receive the same education as boys in inventivenessD.boys inventiveness is more influenced by environment than girls答案B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“girls were only more likely.of the gender gap”可知，如果女孩在有许多女性发明家的地区长大，她们更有可
96、能成为发明家；如果女孩接触到一定数量的女性发明家，而男孩接触到相同数量的男性发明家，女孩的发明率将会猛增164%，而性别差异的影响是55%，即如果女孩接触到相同数量的男性发明家，其发明率的增长相比164%会降低55%。这暗示女孩更容易受到女性发明家的激励而非男性发明家的激励。故选B。6.What is the best title for the passage?A.Inventiveness Makes a Big Difference to Peoples SuccessB.Childhood Surroundings Matter More for Wouldbe InventorsC.
97、Family Backgrounds Contribute More to Individuals InventivenessD.People Should Balance Environment and Inventiveness答案B标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中点明文章主旨的“the authors provide strong evidence that a childs surroundings matter more than his genes”可知，本文主要讲的是相比基因因素，人们在童年时期所处的环境对他们是否能成为发明家影响更大。故B项作本文标题最佳。.阅读理解A(20
98、19苏州市高三第一学期期末考试)The spread of nomaintenance artificial lawns is threatening wildlife and rare plants，conservationists and gardening experts are warning.Gardens are an increasingly important shelter for wildlife which was forced into withdrawing from the countryside by loss of the natural homes and i
99、ntensive farming.But the growth in the popularity of artificial lawns，which look like the real thing but require no cutting，watering or fertilizing，means theres no shelter in an increasing number of Britains back gardens.Tim Rumball，editor of Amateur Gardening magazine，said：“Artificial grass these d
100、ays looks great and these days you can buy rolls of it whereas before it was a very specialist thing.It can take people a few minutes to realize they are on an artificial lawn rather than a real one.”Besides the impact on wildlife，a damaging impact has also been made on the wider environment because
101、 of replacing real grass.Mr Rumball said：“Lawns matter a lot.Plants change carbon dioxide into oxygen and if all the lawns are taken away in Britain you will significantly affect the carbon levels in the atmosphere.When grass grows longer，it attracts insects.If you have an artificial lawn then these
102、 insects will be reduced and the whole of the food chain will be affected，especially birds that rely on insects for their diet.”Joy Wallis of Dorset Wildlife Trust is also concerned about the trend in artificial grass.“These days，gardens are a shelter for wildlife，” she said.“Creatures cant survive
103、in the countryside because it is so full of chemicals.Birds get absolutely nothing from artificial grass，and they cant dig for worms or anything like that.It seems a shame that people feel they havent got the time or the tendency to look after a lawn.”Robert Redcliffe of Namgrass，which currently sel
104、ls 10，000 square meters of artificial grass per week，says business is booming，adding，“We started five years ago in the UK and it can transform the way you use the garden.Theres the obvious advantage of no cutting or watering，but also theres no mud for children or pets to walk through the house.” He
105、disagrees that artificial grass is harmful to the environment and adds，“There are ecological benefits.In the long run the effect of artificial grass is outweighed by not having to use a lawnmower，running water or fertilizers.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。虽然人造草坪不需要人们花费过多的时间和精力来维护，但是它却给野生动植物带来了极大的危害。1.What can we l
106、earn from the growing trend in artificial lawns?A.More people are fed up with the real lawns.B.More people prefer the lower price of artificial grass.C.More people believe artificial grass to look really better.D.More people pay less attention to taking care of the environment.答案D推理判断题。文章第一段的第一句说明了人
107、造草坪对动植物有害，而本段的最后一句则说明了人造草坪因其独特的优势而受到人们的追捧。结合这两句可知，人造草坪的盛行从侧面反映出人们缺乏对环境的关注与保护。故答案为D。2.What can be inferred from what Robert Redcliffe says?A.Wildlife is likely to be threatened.B.All enjoy the convenience of artificial lawns.C.He focuses on keeping the balance of ecology.D.Parents spend more time acc
108、ompanying children.答案A推理判断题。根据最后一段中Robert Redcliffe所说的“There are ecological benefits.running water or fertilizers”可知，Robert Redcliffe认为人造草坪有生态上的益处，从长期来看，人造草坪的影响敌不过不使用剪草机、水或肥料的消极影响，由此可推知，他认为人造草坪可能会威胁到野生动植物。3.The authors real purpose of writing the passage is to _.A.warn the public against damaging th
109、e real lawnsB.emphasize the necessity of limiting artificial lawnsC.provide ways of protecting the living environmentD.give the reasons for the popularity of artificial lawns答案B作者意图题。作者首先在文章开头点明了人造草坪的危害，然后引用各界人士的话语进一步表明了人造草坪对野生动植物的危害，故作者写作本文的目的是要强调限制人造草坪的使用的必要性。故选B项。B(2019苏锡常镇四市高三教情调研二)Scientists sh
110、ould be allowed to change a persons DNA in ways that will be passed on to future generations，but only to prevent serious and strongly heritable(遗传的) diseases，according to a new report from the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine.However，making changes to these genes in
111、order to improve or change traits such as strength，intelligence or beauty should remain offlimits，the report authors concluded.Changing the socalled germline(种系) is illegal in the United States.It has largely been considered ethically offlimits here as well，at least while bioethicists and scientists
112、 considered the unforeseen effects and unexamined moral dilemmas of using new geneediting technologies.However，scientists have moved forward aggressively to explore the possibility of changing disease genes in other adult human cells with a revolutionary technique known as CRISPRCas9.It is widely be
113、lieved that gene editing of this sort could treat patients with metabolic(新陈代谢的) disorders，certain cancers，and a range of other diseases that arise from genetic mutations(突变)without changing the germline.Last year，Chinese scientists launched a trial that uses CRISPRCas9 in a treatment for lung cance
114、r.While the trials outcome is awaited with high anticipation，scientists outside China have expressed concern that ethical reservations in the United States and Europe will put them at a disadvantage.CRISPRCas9 makes gene editing more straightforward，more precise and far more widespread.As such，the N
115、ational Academies report acknowledges that changing heritable DNA in eggs，sperm and early embryos is fast becoming“a realistic possibility that deserves serious consideration”.The 22member panel of scientists and bioethicists who produced the report completed a comprehensive review of the issues rai
116、sed by that prospect.Clinical trials involving germline editing should only be pursued to treat diseases that cannot be improved with “reasonable alternatives”，the 22member panel of scientists and bioethicists said.In addition，they added，scientists should convincingly demonstrate they are targeting
117、a gene that either causes or strongly makes a carrier likely to suffer from a serious disease or condition，and that they have weighed the likely risks and benefits of changing that gene.Finally，scientists should conduct longterm followup studies to know how gene editing affects the next generations.
118、Public debate and discussion about the technology should continue，the panel added.【语篇解读】该文主要谈及了一项新的基因编辑技术及人们对它的关注。4.In what circumstances can scientists change a persons DNA?A.Making a person look much younger.B.Protecting future generations from some heritable diseases.C.Using the most advanced gen
119、eediting technologies.D.Changing the germline for a better function.答案B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在保护下一代、防止某些遗传疾病的条件下，科学家们可以改变一个人的基因，故答案为B。5.What is the advantage of CRISPRCas9?A.It can treat diseases more precisely without changing the germline.B.It can successfully cure people of most deadly diseases.C.It c
120、an change genes in adult human cells.D.It can stop genetic mutations.答案A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，CRISPRCas9基因编辑技术的优点是能更精准地治疗一些疾病，而不改变种系，故答案为A。6.What possible conclusion can be drawn according to the passage?A.Future generations will live longer and become more intelligent.B.Chinese scientists created CRISPR
121、Cas9 and put it into use.C.The gene editing is strictly forbidden for moral dilemmas.D.The gene editing research is still at the primary stage.答案D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句推断，目前对基因编辑技术的研究仍处于初始阶段，故答案为D。7.What does this report mainly talk about?A.A new geneediting technology and concerns about it.B.A germlineedi
122、ting technology and approval for it.C.Clinical trials of gene editing and social values of them.D.Some germline clinical trials and scientific effects of them.答案A主旨大意题。根据第三段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知，该文主要谈及的是一项新的基因编辑技术及人们对它的关注，故答案为A。.任务型阅读(2019江苏省高考名校联考信息卷八)Just a few decades ago，when the workday ended at 5：00
123、PM，workers packed up and turned their minds off for the evening.However，because of our constant connection through technology，client emails，proposals and projects have become a part of time spent outside of the office.These extra hours and inability to step away from work have caused many individual
124、s to call for a worklife balance.The following may help you deal with your work and personal life more reasonably both inside and outside of the office：Incorporating physical activity into your routine is an important part of maintaining a worklife balance.Physical activity not only helps to refresh
125、 both your mind and body，but also provides mental clarity during a time of stress at work.In addition to this，it keeps your body in ideal physical shape，which makes you more healthy.If your schedule does not allow for going to the gym before or after work，consider making this a part of your workday.
126、Step away from your desk and take a walk with a coworker to gain a new perspective and exercise your muscles.Another important aspect of maintaining a worklife balance is separating from electronic devices during evenings and weekends.If you feel the need to complete extra work or respond to emails
127、outside of the office，designate a specific time for these responses.For example，allow yourself to complete work in the evenings from 68 and then close your laptop.Or，respond to emails on Saturday morning and then take Sunday off.Find what works best for you and your schedule and make a point to sepa
128、rate from electronic devices and clear your mind.Workplace communication that previously took place in the form of long meetings and phone calls has been replaced by quick email and instant message exchanges.While the use of technology for communication has saved us time，it can often serve as a dist
129、raction as well.It is important to keep this in mind at the office.When you are at work，spend your hours completing projects and assignments instead of surfing the Web or checking Facebook，which can improve your work efficiency to a great extent.Consider listing your work plans to monitor your work
130、and stay on task.Take some time to do what you love.Having an active social life often associates with having a positive work life，so make sure to invest in what makes you happy outside of the office.This will provide you a sense of meaning and allow you to define yourself outside of work.Feeling ov
131、erwhelmed by a situation or project at work？Sometimes the best ideas come when your mind is refreshed and focused.Grabbing dinner with a friend and discussing your situation may provide a solution to your problem.Topic：How to Maintain a Healthy WorkLife Balance in the Age of TechnologyReasons for th
132、e worklife imbalanceThe boundaries between work and life become (1)_because of your constant connection through technology.Working overtime becomes the new normal in the digital age.(2)_on how to balance work and life wellIncorporate Physical Activity into Your RoutineGet (3)_both physically and men
133、tally through physical activity.Take a break for exercising to gain a new (4)_during work hours.Separating from Electronic DevicesSpend your evenings and weekends with your family and friends without electronic devices.Select a (5)_ time to check your emails outside of the office.Make Work More(6)_(
134、7)_on the work instead of surfing the Web or checking Facebook when you are at work.Make a (8)_of what you need to do to manage your time properly.Incorporate Downtime into Your RoutineSet aside some time to develop a (9)_ and take an active part in social life，which will help you realize your value
135、 outside of the office.Take advantage of your dinner time to discuss your problem with friends，which can (10)_ to a solution to your problem.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了如何在科技时代保持工作与生活的平衡。1.unclear/unobvious/vague根据第一段中的“because of our constant connection through technology，client emails，proposals and projec
136、ts have become a part of time spent outside of the office”可知，由于通过科技即时联系，客户的电子邮件、提案和项目已经成为办公室以外时间的一部分，也就是说工作和生活之间的界限变得模糊。2.Suggestions/Tips/Advice根据第二至六段的内容，尤其是第二段“The following may help you deal with your work and personal life more reasonably both inside and outside of the office”及表格右栏的内容可知，此处讲的是平衡
137、工作与生活的建议。3.refreshed根据第三段中的“Physical activity not only helps to refresh both your mind and body”可知，体育锻炼可以让你的身心“重新恢复精力”。4.perspective根据第三段中的“Step away from your desk and take a walk with a coworker to gain a new perspective”可知，休息一下进行锻炼有助于你在工作时间转换思维，得到新的思考角度。5.specific/fixed根据第四段中的“If you feel the nee
138、d to complete extra work or respond to emails outside of the office，designate a specific time for these responses”可知，如果你觉得需要在办公室外完成额外的工作或回复电子邮件，选一个特定的时间来完成这些工作。6.Productive/Efficient根据第五段的内容，尤其是“While the use of technology for communication has saved us time，it can often serve as a distraction as we
139、ll”“which can improve your work efficiency to a great extent”可知，本段主要讲的是如何使你的工作更高效。故填Productive“富有成效的”或Efficient“高效的”。7.Focus/Concentrate根据第五段中的“When you are at work，spend your hours completing projects and assignments instead of surfing the Web or checking Facebook”可知，工作时，要把时间用在完成工作项目和任务上而不是上网或浏览脸谱网
140、。focus/concentrate on sth“集中注意力于”为固定搭配。8.list根据第五段中的“Consider listing your work plans to monitor your work and stay on task”可知，在工作时，你也可以把自己的工作计划罗列一下以监督自己的工作。make a list of.“列的清单”为固定搭配。9.hobby根据最后一段中的“Take some time to do what you love.invest in what makes you happy outside of the office”可知，在工作之外，要花点时间做自己喜欢的事情，即培养自己的爱好。故填hobby。10.contribute根据最后一段中的“Grabbing dinner with a friend and discussing your situation may provide a solution to your problem”可知，抓住吃饭的时间和朋友讨论你的情况可能为你提供解决你问题的方案，即促成一个解决你的问题的方案。contribute to“促成，有助于”为固定搭配。
