1、The Past Participle主谓宾定状补表vThere was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.vSurrounded by the police,the kidnappers had no choice but to give in.vHomework done on time will lead to better grades.vThe visitors looked surprised.Attribute作定语相当于一个定语从句,单独的过去分词作定语前置，过去分词短语作定语后置.Her job
2、 was to take care of the woundedsoldier.=Her job was to take care of the soldier who was wounded.This is a novel written by a 19th century writer.=This is a novel which was written by a 19th century writer.过去分词、动词-ing、动词不定式作定语的区 别I have a lot of words to say.He rushed into the burning house.The lett
3、er mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.动词ing表示正在进行的主动的动作；不定式表示具体的将要的动作过去分词表示被动的已完成的动作表完成，不表被动现在分词：过去分词：China is a developing country and America is a developed country.Look.The falling leaves are all yellow.Lots of fallen leaves make the road yellow.boiling water boiled water 表进行不及物动词The bridg
4、e _ ten years ago needs repairing.(build)The bridge _ at present will be completed by the end of this year.The bridge _ next year leads to Beijing.builtbeing builtto be built Predicative作表语：跟在系动词之后，表主语所处的状态1.过去分词表示感到表示主语的感受，主语多为人及表现感觉的词：smile tone look appearance expression scream voice The poem was
5、 so _ that quite a few children were _ to tears.(move)His _ look suggested that he didnt expect it.(surprise)movingmovedsurprised2.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别1）被动语态表示主语的动作，常由 by+动作的执行者构成by 短语作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态The window was broken by Li Ming.The window is broken.The door was closed,and we couldnt get in.The
6、 criminal was pushed into the cell and the door was closed.动作状态状态动作2)有相应的形容词能说明状态时，则不用过去分词The window is _(open).The door is _.(lock)openlockedObject Complement1.过去分词作宾补时，与句子的宾语构成被动关系，表示动作的完成和结果2.V.+O.+V-ed I heard my name called.(my name was called)We found the eggs eaten by the snake.(the eggs were
7、 eaten by the snake)2 接过去分词作宾补的动词：感官动词：hear see notice watch feel find使役动词：make let have get keepHe cant make himself understood.Youve got to keep the door locked.Did you find the city greatly changed?3.现在分词、过去分词、不定式作宾补的区别现在分词：主动、进行过去分词：被动、完成不定式:主动、全过成I heard him _(sing)in the room when I went by.I
8、heard the song _ in English.I heard him _ the English song several times.I saw him _(fall)off the bicycle.singingsungsingfallWhen he was decorating his house,he had the bedroom _(paint)first.When he was decorating his house,he had some workers _ his bedroom first.In order to finish it,he had the wor
9、kers _ his bedroom all the day and night.paintedpaintpainting4.作介词with,without的宾补with/without+O.+V-edHe left there with a lot of work unfinished.They went to Beijing without much money taken.with +O.+O.C.adj.V-ingV-edto doprepositional phraseI went out with the window open.She said good-bye with tea
10、rs in her eyes.A new day comes,with the sun rising inthe east.He stood there,with one of his hands raised.I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.The thief was brought in with his hands _.A.tied B.tying C.being tiedD.tieWith a lot of difficult problem _,the newly-elected president will have a ha
11、rd time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settledAdverbial分词/分词短语，主+谓+Asked what had happened,he told us about it.Left alone at home,Sam didnt feel afraid at all.表示动作发生的时间，原因，条件，让步，结果或伴随情况，相当于一个状语从句。有时其前可带上状语从句的连词，以示明确。1 作时间或条件状语When he was asked why he did it,he said it was his duty.满足的条件：从句
12、的主语和主句的主语一致,从句的谓语动词和主语构成被动关系 1)去连词 2）去主语和助动词 3）保留过去分词When he was asked why he did it,he said it was his duty.Asked why he did it,he saidIf it is heated to a certain temperature,ice can change into water.Heated to a certain temperature,ice canIf heated to a certain temperature,iceIf I am given more t
13、ime,I can do better.Given more time,I can do better.Once it is seen,it will never be forgotten.Once seen,it will never be forgotten.2.作原因状语As/Because he was born in the village,he knows a lot of people there.Born in the village,he knows Because he was interested in English,hewent to the USA.Interest
14、ed in English,he wentAs they were inspired by her example,they worked even harder.Inspired by her example,they worked3 作让步状语Although they were tired,they continued to work.Although tired,they continued to work.Although they were beaten by the opposite team,they werent discouraged.Beaten by the oppos
15、ite team,they werent discouraged.4.作伴随状语The teacher stood there,surrounded bythe students.The teacher came in,_(follow)by some students.The teacher came in,_ some studentsfollowedfollowing补充说明过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是句子的主语Seeing from the hill,the city is beautiful.XXSeeing from the hill,you will find the city
16、 very beautiful.Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.Questioned by the policeman,the thiefs legs shook.Questioned by the policeman,the thiefwas nervous._ from the Great Wall,a sense of pride suddenly came into his mind.A.Seeing B.Seen B.C.Having seenD.When he saw当分词短语的语意不清，往往把连词(when,while,if,th
17、ough)保留。但表示“原因”的连词(because,as)一定要省略.If invited,I will go to the party.主语表语宾语补语定语状语谓语不定式动名词-ing形式过去分词非谓语动词的句法功能Exercise1 要是多注意一些，庄稼会长的更好2 他很不愿意看到鸟被杀死3 他一动不动的站在那里，闭着双眼4 观众被深深的感动了5 我在什麽地方能找到人修我的表6 有人发现黑板破了7 许多被问的村民都拒绝回答8 受到大家的尊重，他觉得有必要更努力1.Given more attention,the crops will grow better.2.He hated to see any bird killed.3.She stood there still,with her eyes shut.4.The audience was deeply moved.5.Where can I have my watch repaired?6.The blackboard was found broken.7.Most of the villagers questionedrefused to answer.8.Respected by all,he thought it necessary to work harder.
