1、Be动词用法适用学科初中英语学生姓名学习目标通过学习掌握be动词用法及会含be动词的句子进行结构的转换学习重点Be动词的选择；特殊疑问句的变化规则学习难点特殊疑问句的变化规则一、be动词的概念：be动词是系动词的一种， 它不表示行为、动作，它通常与名词、形容词或其它词类一起表示主语的性质、状态、身份、特点等等。be动词在不同的句子中有不同的中文意义，有时甚至不用翻译其意义。be动词有不同的形式，如：现在式有am, are, is三种，过去式有was和were两种，过去分词只有been一种形式。二、be动词的种类：1.am：只与第一人称I搭配使用“I am”，否定形式为“I am not=Im
2、not”2.is：与第三人称（he,she,it）、单数名词、不可数名词搭配使用。3.are：与第二人称（you）、复数人称（we,they）、复数名词搭配使用。Eg: （1） I am a student. 我是一名学生。 （2） We are all here. 我们大家都在这儿。（3） You are so beautiful. 你是那么漂亮。（4） He is my English teacher. 他是我的英语老师。（5） Is she nine years old？ 她是九岁吗？（6） My name is Mary. 我的名字叫玛丽。（7） It is sunny today.
3、今天的天气晴朗。（8） Tom and his friends are in the park. 汤姆和他的朋友们都在公园里。三、句子的相关结构变化1.肯定句：S（主语）+be+其他. He is a student. 他是一个学生。Mary is a student. 玛丽是一个学生。We are students.我们是学生。I am a teacher.我是一名老师。2.否定句：S（主语）+be+not+其他。Be动词通常可以与not缩写，不过，am不可以缩写。 He is not a student. = He isnt a student My father is not a tea
4、cher.=My father isnt a teacher.We are not at home. =We arent at home.It is not my book. =It isnt my book.I am not a teacher. =Im not a teacher.注意：现代英语中am not一般不用缩写形式。3.一般疑问句变化规则：（1）直接将be动词提到句子首位，并且字母要大写，句尾用“？”。You are a boy. Are you a boy?It is a green ruler. Is it a green ruler?It is an English map
5、. Is it a English map?His name is Jim Green. Is his name Jim Green?She is a beautiful girl. Is she a beautiful girl?（2）当主语为第一人称时，需将第一人称转换第二人称,即Iare, myyour, weyouI am a boy. Are you a boy?My pen is red. Is your pen red?We are friends. Are you friends?My family name is Zhang. Is your family name Zhan
6、g?Our school is near the post office. Is your school near the post office?对一般疑问句的回答需要注意：（1）当主语为人名或人称代词时，用相应的人称代替.Is Tom a good student? Yes,he is./No, he isnt.Are they friends? Yes, they are./No,they arent.（2）当主语是复数名词时，用they代替主语。Are the books about history? Yes, they are./No,they are not.(=No，they a
7、rent)（3）当主语是不可数名词时，用it代替主语。Is meat food? Yes, it is./No, it isnt.（4）当主语是单数名词时，用it代替主语。Is it about history? Yes, it is./No,it isnt.（5）当主语为this/that或these/those时，回答是用it或they代替。Is this your book? Yes,it is./No, it isnt.Is that a cat? Yes, it is./ No, it isnt.Are these/those books? Yes, they are./ No, t
8、hey arent.（6）当表示数学运算求结果时用is。Five and four is nine.4. 特殊疑问句：（根据具体情况回答）What is your name? My name is John.How are you? Im fine, thank you.Where is my pencil-box? Its over there on the desk.特殊疑问句也就是规划线部分进行提问，特殊疑问词的选择主要取决于划线的内容，通常可以按照如下原则进行选择：what（什么）对事物进行提问when（什么时候）对时间进行提问where（哪里）对地点进行提问how（怎样）对方式、方法
9、进行提问who（谁）对人进行提问which（哪一个）对名词的修饰词进行提问在进行句子结构转换时，可以运用如下规则（特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句）和步骤进行转换。Step 1：换（将划线部分用特殊疑问词替换）Step 2：变（将替换后的句子变成一般疑问句）Step 3：提（将特殊疑问词提至句首）E.g. Her name is Jenny.Step 1：名字属于物，所以将划线部分替换成what，即原句变为：Her name is what.Step 2：变为一般疑问句，即将is提前，可得到：Is her name what?Step 3：将what提前，可得到：What is her na
10、me?所以，本句的最终正确答案为：What is her name?5. There be句型：there be句型是含有be动词的一个重要句型,其结构为：There + be + 名词 + 地点状语。There is a school there. 那里有一个学校。（1）在这个句型中be动词后面的名词是真正的主语，be动词的形式由它决定。a.当这个名词是单数时，be动词是is或was.There was an accident in the street last night. 昨晚这街上有个车祸。There is a tree in the yard. 院子里有一棵树。There is a
11、n apple on the desk.桌子上有一个苹果。b.当这个名词是复数时，be动词用are或were。There are many students in the classroom. 在教室里有许多学生There were lots of people in the room when I got in. 当我进去的时候，屋里有很多人。c.当There be结构中有多个主语时，要注意主语就近原则，即be动词的数与离它最近主语保持一致。There is an egg and two books on the desk.桌子上有一个鸡蛋和两本书。There are two books a
12、nd an egg on the desk.桌子上有两本书和一个鸡蛋。（2）there be句型的一般疑问句是将be动词提前，否定句也是将be动词后面加上not.其结构为：一般疑问句：Be+ there + 名词 + 地点状语？否定句： there + be + not+名词 + 地点状语.Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有一些水吗？Are there any students in the room? 房间里有学生吗？There isnt any water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。There arent any students
13、 in the room. 房间里没有任何学生。【同步练习】一. 用括号中适当的词填空。1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excit
14、ed when he heard the news?7. There _ (be) some glasses on it.8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.二. 用所be动词的适当形式填空。1. A: Where _the post office. B: It _ behind the building.2. A: _ you miss Black? B: Yes, I _.3. It _ a shirt, it _(not) a skirt.4. There _ a big playground in our school.5
15、. There _ many books in my schoolbag.6. There _ some fish in the box.7. _ there any chairs in the classroom?8. Youd better _ early next time.三. 仿照例句改写下列句子。例句：She is in Class One, Grade Two.否定句： She is not in Class One, Grade Two. 一般疑问句： Is she in Class One, Grade Two?回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1.
16、 Bob is on the football team.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：2. They are in the teachers office.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：3. It is sunny today.否定句：一般疑问句： 回答：4. There is some water in the bottle.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：5. There is a piano in the room.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：6. There are many trees in the school.否定句：一般疑问句： 回答：7. There are four bott
17、les of milk on the table.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：8. We are interested in painting.否定句：一般疑问句： 回答：综合练习一、在下面的短文中填上恰当 be 动词。I _ a girl. My name _ Mary. I _ in Class 2 Grade 7. I _ 12years old. Here _ my family photo. Look These _ my parents and those_ my grandparents. This boy _ my brother. He _ 15 years oldnow. T
18、hat _ my cat Mimi. It _ very lovely.二、在下面的题目中填上恰当的 Be 动词，并变成一般疑问句，做肯定和否定回答。（注意 Be动词的时态）1. I _from Australia. 2. She _ a student. 3. Jane and Tom _my friends. 4. My parents _very busy every day. 5. _ there a Chinese school in New York6. There _ some glasses on it. 7. There _many monkeys in the mountain. 8. There_ a beautiful garden in our school. 9. I _ at school now. 10. Which dog _ yours
