1、专题六 介词与介词短语专题导读介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等。在2010、2011两年全国各地高考试题中,都涉及介词的考查,不仅在单项填空中进行考查,在短文改错题中,对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。近几年高考对介词以及介词短语的考查主要集中在以下几点: 1.介词或介词短语辨析; 2.意义相同或相近,但使用范围不同的介词; 3.介词与某些名词、形容词和动词的各种搭配形式。介词的用法非常普遍,它关系到句子的上下衔接,所以以后的高考题中介词仍然是一个考查热点。 技巧点拨: 介词是英语中比较活跃的词,中学阶段所学的介词有40
2、多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活,意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。预测今后高考对介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。真题典例【解析】 B句意:这家商店将关门维修,直到下次通知。考查介词辨析。until直到时,到为止。()1. 2011全国卷 This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. Awith Bu
3、ntil Cfor Dat()2. 2011北京卷 With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color. Aby BFor Cwith Din【解析】 D句意:利用新的科技,水下河谷的照片能被拍摄成彩色。考查介词辨析。介词in表示(手段、方法、材料)“用,以”,此处color意为“彩色”。()3.2011湖北卷 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him st
4、ep aside _ younger men. Ain terms of Bin need of Cin favor of Din praise of【解析】 C句意:当被问及他们对校长的意见时,许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。考查介词短语辨析。in terms of就而言;in need of需要;in favor of支持,赞同;in praise of表扬。根据句意可知应选C项。()4.2011山东卷 Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks. Abeyond BWith C
5、among Dover【解析】 D句意:很抱歉没有给你打电话,因为在过去的几个星期我一直很忙。考查介词的用法。根据句意选over“在其间”,后跟一段时间。beyond超出;among“在之间”,多用于指作为一个整体的人或事物,一般不与表示时间的词连用。with与busy连用可构成be busy with sth.“忙于某事”,但其中sth.一般不是表示时间的名词或短语。故选D。()5.2011安徽卷 Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem. Ain Bto Con Dafter【解析】 B句意:有时食品
6、安全问题的适当解决方法是不难找到的。考查介词辨析。本句的主语是answers to food safety problem,但是为了避免句子头重脚轻,将answer的定语放在后面。介词to 表示“属于,归于”。()6.2011浙江卷 I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _. Aon Bfor Cby Dof【解析】 . B句意:我总是想做我为此受过培训的工作。考查动词与介词的搭配。train on对准,瞄准;train for为受培训,for表示目的;by表示方式或动作行为的执行者;of 表示所属关系。所以B项正确。【解析】
7、D句意:尼克,在你开始去中国旅行前,你读些有关中国的书籍更好。考查介词用法。some books on China“有关中国的书籍”。故选D。()7.2010四川卷 Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. Ain Bfor Cof Don( )8.2010天津卷 He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects. Abelow Bof Con Dabove【解析】 D句意:他是个好学生,大多数科目都在
8、平均分以上。考查介词的用法。below average在平均分以下;of不与average搭配;on average平均;above average在平均分以上。根据句意可确定选项。()9.2010重庆卷 Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library. Ain Bfor Cby Dfrom【解析】 D句意:雪莉,一个真正爱读书的人,常常从图书馆带回很多书去读。考查介词搭配。bring home many books from the library本应放在一起,为了平衡,将to re
9、ad插入其间。()10.2010江苏卷 Wed better discuss everything _before we work out the plan. Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【解析】 A句意:在我们制定计划之前我们最好详细讨论一切事情。考查介词短语辨析。in detail详细地;in general一般来说,大体上;on purpose故意地;on time按时,准时。根据句意选A。新题预测() 1.He slipped and had his leg broken._,he will have to be away fr
10、om school for two or three months. AIn any case BAfter all CAs a result DIn this way【解析】 C句意:他滑倒了,摔断了腿,所以他将休学两三个月。as a result 因此,作为结果;in any case 无论如何;after all毕竟;in this way以这种方式,故C项正确。()2.Im very grateful for your help and hope that someday I may be able to do something _ for you. Ain exchange Bin
11、 return Cin vain Din particular【解析】 B句意:我很感谢你的帮助,希望有一天能为你做点事儿作为回报。in return 作为(对的)回报;in exchange作为交换;in vain徒然,白费力气;in particular尤其,特别,故选B。()3.There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law._,it is important that we try. ANevertheless BIn reality CBesides DIn addition【解析】 A句意:我们成功改变
12、法律的可能性很小。尽管如此,我们的努力也是很重要的。nevertheless尽管如此;in reality事实上,实际上;besides而且;in addition此外。()4.You neednt take a taxi to go to the station because it is _ a walking distance here. Afrom Bwithin Cunder Daround【解析】 B句意:你不必乘出租车去车站,因为从这儿走一会儿就能到。within a walking distance为固定搭配,意为“走一会儿就到”,所以B项正确。()5._her parents
13、 strong objection,the young girl went to work in the country. ABecause of BRegardless of CThanks to DDue to【解析】 B句意:不顾父母的强烈反对,那个年轻的女孩去了农村工作。regardless of 不管,不顾;because of 由于,因为;thanks to幸亏,由于;due to 由于,因为,依句意选B。()6.I feel sure that _qualification,ability and experience,you are suited to the position
14、 we have in mind. Aon account of Bin terms of Con the basis of Din the light of【解析】 B句意:我确信从资格、能力和经验来说,你适合我们心中的这个职位。in terms of就而言;on account of 由于,因为;on the basis of 根据,在基础上;in the light of考虑到,鉴于。B项符合句意。()7.We should talk about the things _the childrens understanding in a simple way. Aover B beyond
15、 Cabove Dunder【解析】 B句意:我们应该以一种简单的方式谈论孩子们不能理解的东西。beyond ones understanding为固定搭配,意为“超越了某人的理解力”,再如:beyond sb.对于某人来说难以想象、理解或估计;beyond description 难以描述。()8.He is clever, but_, he makes many mistakes. Aon the contrary Bon the other side Con the other hand Don one hand【解析】 C句意:他很聪明,但另一方面,他犯了很多错误。on the oth
16、er hand用以引出和上文对立的观点、意见等;on the contrary 正相反;on the other side在另一边;on (the) one hand一方面。()9.I think Jack is doing well in social work.I agree with you_. Aon the way Bin the way Cby the way Din a way【解析】 D句意:“我认为杰克在社会活动中表现不错。”“我在一定程度上同意你的观点。”on the way to 通往的道路;in the way 挡道;by the way 顺便说一下;in a way 在某种程度上。()10.Luckily,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is making a difference_ the H1N1 flu. Afrom Bof Cwith Dagainst【解析】 D句意:幸运的是,传统的中药在抵抗H1N1流感中起了很大的作用。高考资源网独家精品资源,欢迎下载!高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#U