1、过去分词过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，因此在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。观察例句1When the delayed flight will take off depends mainly on the weather.2The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summers ga
2、mes.3Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill，the city of Suzhou was very beautiful.4Can you make yourself understood in Russian?5How long have you been married?归纳用法1例句1和例句2中的黑体部分为过去分词(短语)作定语。2例句3中的黑体部分为过去分词短语作状语。3例句4中的黑体部分为过去分词作宾语补足语。4例句5中的黑体部分为过去分词作表语。一、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词。单个的过去分词常常置于所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短
3、语常常置于所修饰的名词后。They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举办的音乐会很成功。2过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。We must adapt our regulations to the changed conditions.We must adapt our regulations to the conditions that have been changed.我们必须调整规章
4、制度来适应变化了的情况。3有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。in the given time在既定的时间内with the words given用所给的单词a concerned look一个关切的神情the people concerned有关人士名师点津及物动词的过去分词除了常表示“完成”之外，还表示“被动”。如：spoken English(英语口语)；iced beer(冰镇啤酒)；cooked food(熟食)；fried chips(炸土豆条)。不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”。如：boiled water(开水)；fallen leaves(落叶)；the ris
5、en sun(升起的太阳)等。即学即练1把下面的句子改为简单句Most of the people who had been questioned were students.Most of the people questioned were students.Do you know the number of the books which have been ordered?Do you know the number of the books ordered?二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，总是在系动词be，appear，seem，look，remain，feel，get等之后，通常
6、表示主语所处的状态。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated，surprised，astonished，amazed，moved，exhausted，worried，devoted，pleased，inspired，encouraged，excited，delighted，satisfied，scared，frightened，disappointed 等。I am pleased with the result of the experiment.我对试验结果很满意。We found the door remained locked.我们发现门仍然锁着。名
7、师点津过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(强调杯子的状态)The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作)即学即练2完成句子Her lips are parted，just as if she were about to speak.她的嘴唇分开，就好像要说话似的。He told me that the library is closed at six他告诉我图书馆6点关门。三、过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义
8、，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下列动词后常用过去分词作宾语补足语。1感官动词(see，hear，notice，watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel，find等)。He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看到电视机被搬到房间外面了。2表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。I had my leg broken in the football game.我的腿在足球赛中摔断了。3表示思维活动的动词，如consider，know，
9、think等。I considered the matter settled.我认为这件事解决了。4表示爱憎、意愿的动词，如want，wish，like，hate等。I wanted two tickets reserved.我要预定两张机票。名师点津过去分词、现在分词与动词不定式作宾语补足语时的区别(1)过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示状态。(2)现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动。由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示主动动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。即学
10、即练3单句语法填空He worked so hard that he got his pay raised (raise)People in the south have their houses made (make) of bamboo.They made me repeat(repeat)the whole story.四、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。(一)过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置1过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为
11、句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you”(时间状语)当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“Its kind of you”。Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping ot
12、hers.(原因状语)在他所做的事情的巨大鼓舞下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in the study.(方式状语)锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语)客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。2过去分词(短语)作状语时
13、，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，用逗号与句子隔开。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。He stood there silently，moved to tears.Moved to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。即学即练4写出下列句中黑体部分分别充当什么状语Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own
14、answers.原因状语Time，used correctly，is money in the bank.条件状语If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.条件状语Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语When(you are)given a medical examination，you should keep calm.时间状语(二)过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况1过去分词在句中作时间、条件
15、、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain(When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作
16、更努力了。2过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(and was followed by two students). 老师走进了房间，后面跟着两个学生。He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(and was locked in his study). 他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。3过去分词作状语可和与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作
17、状语。Even if I am invited(Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party.即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。Unless you are asked to speak(Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting.除非被要求发言，在会上你应该保持沉默。即学即练5句型转换When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.Asked who had
18、 broken the vase，the children all kept silent.If we are united，we will make our life better.United，we will make our life better.Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.Exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.(三)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1现在分词表示动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。与谓语动作同时发生时，现在分
19、词用一般式(doing)；如果发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成的主动动作，现在分词就用完成式(having done)，表示完成的被动动作，现在分词就用完成式的被动形式having been done。Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。2过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Given more attention，
20、the tree could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。即学即练6单句语法填空Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.Looking(look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground.单句语法填空1I
21、heard my name called (call) when I came in.2She looked disappointed (disappoint) at the results of the exam.3Who were the socalled guests invited (invite) to your party last night?4Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take)good care of at home.5John Snow told the story about the astonished
22、 (astonish) people in Broad Street.6In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden (hide) within the work.7Founded (found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.8Faced (face) with the increasing unemployment，many people went on strike
23、in most of the European countries.9If given (give) better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided.10The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.完成句子1Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。2The woman is
24、 so kind that she treats those children dressed in rags well.这个女人很善良，她对那些衣衫褴褛的孩子很好。3Your coat is too dirty! Youd better get it washed as soon as possible你的外套太脏了！你最好尽快洗一下。4The film directed by a young man was very popular in China in 2021.2021年，这部由一位年轻人导演的电影在中国很受欢迎。5Born in a poor family，he had only
25、two years of schooling.由于出生于贫寒家庭，他只上了两年学。6Although/Though/While (he was) surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.尽管见到我们很吃惊，教授还是热情地接待了我们。.短文语法填空I would like to live in a welldesigned house 1.surrounded(surround) by walnut trees and which has a garden 2.filled(fill) with flowers.3.Pai
26、nted(paint) yellow and green，the walls of these 4.decorated(decorate) rooms would seem larger than they really are.In each room there would be a specially 5.made(make) armchair for me to sit in，6.placed(place) in the most fortable(comfort) position.In this seat I would have music 8.piped(pipe) in from elsewhere in the house.I would be able to experiment 9. with music 10. created(create) by myself in a special room.This would be the wellplanned house I would like to live in.
