1、基本句型汉译英练习主谓结构（S十V）本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east翻译练习:1.你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。5.5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。6.6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7.19197.1919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发
2、了“五五.四四”运动。运动。8.8.每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。9.9.这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。10.10.五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。11.11.爱丽丝很会游泳。爱丽丝很会游泳。12.12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。13.13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。14.14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。15.15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Check the answers:1.You should study hard.2.She went home very late yest
3、erday evening.3.That morning we talked a great deal.4.The meeting will last two hours.5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8.Classes begin at eigh
4、t every day.9.This box weighs five kilos.10.I lived in Beijing five years ago.11.Alice swims very well.12.Johns father died last night.13.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.14.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.15.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.22SS
5、十十VV十十OO主谓宾结构主谓宾结构此结构是由此结构是由主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语构成。在此句式中构成。在此句式中VV代表代表及物动词或及物动词词及物动词或及物动词词组组(vtvt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分名词或相当于名词的成分。（名词，名词短语或代词）例如：（名词，名词短语或代词）例如：egeg:I:I sawsaw a film.a film.译：我看了一部电影。译：我看了一部电影。（II是主语，是主语，sawsaw是谓语，是谓语，a filma film
6、宾语）宾语）egeg:They took good care of the children:They took good care of the children译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。(they(they是主语是主语,took good care of,took good care of是谓语是谓语,其中其中tooktook是是taketake的过去式，的过去式，the childrenthe children是宾语是宾语)说明：说明：此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况分两种情况:1.1.及物动词及物动词+副词副
7、词，2.2.不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词即变成及物动即变成及物动词词组词词组n 1.动词+副词：get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）动词+介词：persist in(坚持)，succeed in(在成功)n 2.动词+副词：如，turn on(开),move on（走开）,pass on（传递）,put on（穿上）,have on（穿着）.动词+介词：work on（从事于）,operate on（在上动手术）,agree on（同意）get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）有的含有介词 at,for,from,into,of,with,to 等的动介词组是不可拆分
8、的。如，look after（照顾）,look at（瞧）,look for（寻找）,belong to（属于）,refer to（参考，提及）,think of（考虑，评价）,send for（派人去请）,care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受之苦）,deal with(对付，应付),object to（反对）,pay for（付的钱）,等。总结：总结：动动+副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中1.1.含有含有away,out,forward,up away,out,forward,up 等
9、副词的等副词的动副词组动副词组是可拆是可拆分的。如，分的。如，They They carried out carried out the planthe plan successfully.successfully.我们还可以说，我们还可以说，They They carried carried the planthe plan out out successfully.successfully.但我们只说但我们只说As the plan was practical,they As the plan was practical,they carriedcarried it it outout s
10、uccessfully.successfully.动副词组都可以这样用，如，动副词组都可以这样用，如，point outpoint out（指出）（指出）,carry outcarry out（执行）（执行）,put forward,put forward（提出）（提出）,work,work outout（做出，算出）（做出，算出）,find out,find out（找出）（找出）,give up,give up（放（放弃）弃）,give away,give away（赠送，分发）（赠送，分发）,pick up,pick up（拣起）（拣起）,put upput up（挂上）（挂上）,等。等
11、。Exercise practice1.1.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。I wrote a letter last night.I wrote a letter last night.2.2.这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times.He has read this book many times.3.3.他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out)(carry out)They have carried out the plan successfully.They have carried out
12、the plan successfully.4.4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing)(finish doing)You must finish reading these books in two weeks.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.5.5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.That gentlemen can speak three languag
13、es fluently.6.6.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？Do you mind my opening the window?Do you mind my opening the window?7.Jim 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself)(dress oneself)Jim cannot dress himself.Jim cannot dress himself.8.8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I received a letter from my pen friend in I received
14、 a letter from my pen friend in Australia.Australia.9.9.我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.10.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。He did not know what to say.He did not know what to say.11.11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a
15、bath)(take a bath)He takes a cold bath every morning.He takes a cold bath every morning.12.12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。(sing praise for)(sing praise for)They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.翻译练习nn 我不信任那个人。（我不信任那个人。（believe in)believe in)nn
16、他指出了我的作文中的错误。他指出了我的作文中的错误。(point out)(point out)nn 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on)(call on)nn 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in)(hand in)nn 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work(work out)out)nn 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of)(take good care of)nn 你在工作中可依靠他。你在工作中可依靠他。(d
17、epend on)(depend on)nn 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。(give off)(give off)nn 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go(go over)over)nn 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off)(take off)nn 人们会把她找出来的。人们会把她找出来的。(find out)(find out)nn 我们必须派人去请医生我们必须派人去请医生(send for)(send for)nn 我不信任那个人。（我不信任那个人。（believe in)believe in
18、)nn 他指出了我的作文中的错误。他指出了我的作文中的错误。(point out)(point out)nn 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on)(call on)nn 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in)(hand in)nn 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out)(work out)nn I dont I dont believe in(believe in(介介)that man.that man.nn He He pointed outpointed o
19、ut（副）（副）the mistakes in my composition.the mistakes in my composition.nn On Christmas Day,we On Christmas Day,we will call onwill call on（介）（介）our foreign our foreign teachers.teachers.nn You must You must hand inhand in（副）（副）your exercise-books after your exercise-books after class.class.nn We cann
20、ot We cannot work outwork out（副）（副）the problem in five minutes.the problem in five minutes.Check the answersnn 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of)(take good care of)nn 你在工作中可依靠他。你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on)(depend on)nn 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。(give off)(give off)nn 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。写完作文后，我们必须把它
21、从头到尾看一遍。(go(go over)over)nn 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off,put on)(take off,put on)nn 人们会把她找出来的。人们会把她找出来的。(find out)(find out)nn 我们必须派人去请医生我们必须派人去请医生(send for)(send for)nn The nurse The nurse will take good care ofwill take good care of your father.your father.nn You can You can depend ondepend
22、 on（介）（介）him in your work.him in your work.nn Boiling water Boiling water gives offgives off（副）（副）steam.steam.nn After writing a composition,we must After writing a composition,we must go overgo over（介）（介）it.it.nn Take off your coat and Take off your coat and put it onput it on（副）（副）before you befor
23、e you leave.leave.nn People will People will find her outfind her out（副）（副）.nn We must We must send forsend for（介）（介）a doctora doctor3.S十V十P主系表结构说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有nn（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound.nn（2）表示状态延续的 remain,st
24、ay,keep,continue,stand.nn（3）表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow.eg:He is handsome译：他长得帅。(he做主语，is是系动词，handsome是形容词，做表语)eg:He is a clever boy。译：他是一个聪明的男孩（he是主语，is 是系动词，a clever boy是名词短语不定冠词a/an+形容词名词单数，做表语）eg:The desk feels hard译：书桌摸起来很硬。(The desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词)翻译练习：nn 我的兄弟都是大学生。我的兄弟
25、都是大学生。nn 冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。nn 布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。nn 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。nn 孩子们，请保持安静。孩子们，请保持安静。nn My brothers My brothers areare all college students.all college students.nn In winter,the days In winter,the days areare short and the nights are long.short and the nights are long.nn Mrs
26、Mrs Brown Brown looks looks very healthy.very healthy.nn At the age of fifteen he At the age of fifteen he becamebecame a famous pianist.a famous pianist.nn Children,Children,keepkeep quiet please.quiet please.nn 这本书是有关美国历史的书。这本书是有关美国历史的书。nn 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nn 他失业了。他失业了。nn 树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经
27、变黄了。nn 这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。nn This book This book isis about the history of the United States.about the history of the United States.nn Her job Her job isis to look after the children in the nursery.to look after the children in the nursery.nn He He isis out of work.out of work.nn The leaves The
28、 leaves have turnedhave turned yellow.yellow.nn The report The report soundssounds interesting.interesting.4.S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构nn 说明说明:此结构由此结构由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足宾语补足语语构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，构成。及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要还需要一个名词，形容词，副词一个名词，形容词，副词,动词不定式，分词来动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。宾语与宾语补足
29、语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词词。如，。如，nn The sun keeps The sun keeps usus warm.warm.nn I heard I heard him him singing.singing.nn You must get You must get your hairyour hair cut.cut.We elected We elected Li Yan
30、gLi Yang our monitor.our monitor.The news made The news made us us sad.sad.She saw She saw the thief the thief steal into the shop.steal into the shop.The teacher askedThe teacher asked me me to answer the questionto answer the question.I found I found the manthe man stealing the money stealing the
31、money.I found I found my moneymy money stolen.stolen.用用 it it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足的后面，是英语常用句型的后面，是英语常用句型.即即主语主语+谓语谓语+it+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语 如，如，nn I foundI found it it very pleasantvery pleasant to be with your familyto be with your family.特别提醒A.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,
32、宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The next morning she found the man lying in bed,dead.I often hear this song sung in the street.nn B.在let(让)，ma
33、ke(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to(倾听)，look at(看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g The teacher asked me to answer the question.We hear her sing next door.She is heard to sing next door.翻译练习：nn 我们叫她Alice.nn 他的父母给他取名为John.nn 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。nn 他们把门推
34、开了。nn 他们把小偷释放了。nn We call her Alice.nn His parents named him John.nn All of us considered him honest.nn They pushed the door open.nn They have set the thief free.nn 我们要使学校变得更美丽。nn 他请我们参加做游戏。nn 我要你把真相告诉我。nn 卫兵命令我们立即离开。nn 明天我要找人来修理机器。nn We will make our school more beautiful.nn He asked us to join in
35、the game.nn I want you to tell me the truth.nn The guards ordered us to leave at once.nn Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.nn 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。nn 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。nn 他每个月理一次发。nn 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。nn 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了nn The pain made him cry out.nn We wont let her go out at night.nn He has his hair cut once
36、 a month.nn Ill get my recorder mended.nn The terrible sound made the children frightened.nn 她正在听人家讲故事。nn 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。nn 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。nn 他感到很难跟你交谈。nn She is listening to someone telling stories.nn The boys were watching the soldiers drilling.nn I have never seen the word used that way before.nn He
37、 felt it very difficult to talk with you.nn 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。nn 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。nn 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。nn 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。nn I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.nn I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.nn The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when cl
38、ass begins.nn I thought it no use talking with that man4.S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构nn 在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get等。eg:He gave me a book.(he 是主语gave是谓语动词，是give 的过去式，me是间宾，a book是直宾)=He gave a book to me译：他给我一本书。nn eg:He brought me a pen.=He broughta pen t
39、o me（brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”）译：他带给我一枝钢笔。eg:Mother bought me a book=Mother bought a book for me.（bought是buy的过去式）译：妈妈给我买了一本书。nn说明：说明：nn 此结构由主语此结构由主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直接宾语直接宾语（事物）组成。如，（事物）组成。如，nn He brings me cookies every day.He brings me cookies every day.nn She made me a beautiful dress.
40、She made me a beautiful dress.nn 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词toto或或for,for,如，如，He brings cookiesHe brings cookies to to me every me every day.day.nn She made a beautiful dress She made a beautiful dress forfor me.me.nn 用用toto侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，
41、对着某人。nn 用用forfor 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：跟双宾语的动词有：nn（需借助（需借助toto的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。等。nn（需借助（需借助for for 的）的）buy,call,cook
42、,choose,draw,find,get,make,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,order,sing,save,spare,等。等。nn 翻译练习：1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last
43、 night.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.This term I have written three letters to my parents.7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。My father has bought me a new bike.Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.Will you please get me a new copy?Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour
