1、How to correct a composition短文改错为什么要考改错题？改错题怎么做？改错题有没有技巧？改错题有没有规律？改错题考察什么能力？改错题考察什么能力？短文改错并不是检测语法知识，而是检测语篇的处理能力和在特定语境中对语言的使用进行评价的能力。因此，短文改错中的错误及涉及到的语法或词汇，考生处理这些问题需要根据短文的整体语境来进行判断。近七年来 短文改错题的材料内容贴近学生的实际生活，谈论的都是和学生的学习和生活有关的话题。从2001年到2007年各年的话题分别是：2007年，六岁的“我”和祖父聊天，祖父告诉我关于人生的含义2006年，“我”回朋友的e-mail（电子邮箱）
2、和朋友之间的文学交流。2005年，途中车子抛锚，“我”寻求帮助的经历。2004年，“我”和同学相处出现心理障碍，写信求助。2003年，叙述“我”学写英语书面表达的感受，在老师的鼓励下，坚持每天写一篇，并取得进步。2002年，叙述“我”和父母去四川峨眉山旅游的见闻和感受。2001年，叙述“我”一个独生子女在家中的状况及心理感受。高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，分成10行，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，10行中一般只有一行全部正确，其他9行都存在错误。各种错误所占比例为1：3：6即:1行正确；3行缺词或多词；6行需要找出错误并改正。项目年度删词添词错词正确2001216120022251
3、2003216120041171200511712006216120071171合 计118447表 1 NMET改错命题统计年度谓语动词名词代词形容词或副词介词冠词连词20012212011200221111122003313011020041103301200530131012006302111120071221111表 NMET错误类型统计测试点一、动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：NMET2003：She liked it very much and reads it to the class.NMET2000：Now my picture a
4、nd prize is hanging in the library.readare 二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：NMET2001：so that Ill get good marksin all my subject.NMET2003:Their word were a great encouragement to me._subjects words三、还要注意形和副注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。例如：NMET 2004:I would describe myself as shy and quietl
5、y._NMET 2005:He asked angry if we had finished the work._quietangrily四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。例如：NMET2001：My parents love me and will do all they can make sure NMET 2002:We fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories._NMET 2003:Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as
6、I was learning to express myself in simple English._tovisitedtalking五、习惯用法要记住主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：NMET2000:Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacher._NMET2003:My teacher advised me to keep my diary._aa六、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：N
7、MET 2004:I dont know that they dontlike to talk with me._NMET 1997：I live in Beijing，where is thecapital of China._whywhich七、逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：NMET 2003:The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English._NMET 2005:Some stud
8、ents may also save up for our college or future use._everythingtheir常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：NMET2000：She was smiling but nodding at me NMET2001：It looks as if my parents treat me as avisitor and a guest.NMET2001：We may be one family and live undera same roof.and orthe八、冠词、连词常光顾短文
9、改错应注意的问题四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。At Christmas Eve,Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sittingroom.Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas ligh
10、t.The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment.There was a fire burning in the fire place,but theChristmastree lights were shinning brightly.Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.错误形式与改法1 改词（56个）：在文中该词下面划横线(_)；在题号后横线上写出要改的词。2 添词（12个）：在文中标上添词符号（）；在题号后横线上写出要添的
11、词。3 去掉（12个）：在文中用斜线()划掉该词；在题号后写上要划掉的词，并也用斜线划掉。4 正确（1个）:在题号后横线上写出正确符号()。This passage is about_A.Jims family.B.Christmas lights.C.How Jims family decorated the Christmas tree on Christmas Eve.CAt Christmas Eve,Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as tal
12、ler as the room!They put them in the corner of the sittingroom.Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light.The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment.There was a fire burning in the fire place,but the Christmastree lights were shinning brightly.Jim and his parents singing and danc
13、ing happily.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.At Christmas Eve,Jim went with his1._father to choose a Christmas tree.They choose 2._a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!3._They put them in the corner of the sitting4._on_chose_tall_it动词形介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住还要注意形和副代词格，细领悟room.Kate was covered it with a lot of5
14、._Christmas light.The sitting room looked6._really beautifully at the moment.There was 7._a fire burning in the fire place,but the Christmas8._tree lights were shinning brightly.Jim and his9._parents singing and dancing happily.10._was_lights_beautiful_andwere动词形还要注意形和副动词形名词数冠词连词须关注Practice makes pe
15、rfect.谚 熟能生巧f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.g.(06)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。tookhad1.动词时态考点设置b.(04)After class we become stranger at
16、once.strangers2.名词考点设置d.(05)There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.advantagese.(06)He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.idea命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.a.(03)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.2.代词itb.(05)Some stude
17、nts may also save up for our college or future use.theirc.(06)I just smiled to me and thought,“What can I do?We are guests after all.”命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。myselftheyd.(05)So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.than3.形容词、副词e.(05)My pron
18、unciation was terribly.f.(06)They came back lately and had some tea.terriblelate命题特点：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。改正方法：1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词a.(04)Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.3.介词aboutb.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.for
19、c.(06)He was looking for a glass the cupboard.in命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,serve,wait等。a.(02)As everyone knows,its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.7.冠词ad.(05)I hope youve had pleasant journey homea命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互
20、改2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改3）根据需要增删冠词（1）整体把握短文大意。（2）逐句分析，把握结构。（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。（4）逐行修改，先易后难。（5）复读全文，验证答案。（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。应试技巧点拨解题步骤 做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤：通读文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找错；再读短文，检查漏洞。即按照文章句子行文章的顺序。第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力，必须从全篇考虑，而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的，但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看单句是否有错；如果有错，有几处错误，是什么错误，再看看错误在哪一行。把“短文改错”转化为“单句改错”，然后再在行中找错，这样就会降低难度。第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。
