1、专题四 说明文专题 四 说明文专题导读专题 四 专题导读说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：专题 四 专题导读1开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确
2、说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。2结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。专题 四 专题导读说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫
3、”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题再现专题 四 真题再现2010安徽改编 Most people give little thought to the pens they write with,especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very few things are handwritten.All too often,people buy a pen based only on _1_ and wonder why they are not sati
4、sfied once they begin to use it.However,buying a pen that youll enjoy is not _2_ if you keep the following in mind.专题 四 真题再现First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be_3_ to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)_4_ comfort.Having a small hand and thi
5、ck fingers,you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a larger hand and thicker fingers,you may _5_ a fatter pen.The length of a pen can also influence comfort.A pen that is too _6_ can easily feel topheavy and unstable.专题 四 真题再现Then,the writing point of the pen should _7_ the ink to flow ev
6、enly(均匀地)while the pen remains in touch with the paper.This will make it possible for you to create a _8_ line of writing.The point should also be sensitive enough to prevent ink from running when the pen is lifted.A point that does not block the _9_ may leave drops of inks,as you pick up and put it
7、 down again.专题 四 真题再现_10_，the pen should make a thick，dark line.Fineline pens may _11_ bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command _12_ next to printed text,as,for example,a signature on a printed letter.A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威)(
8、)1.A.looksBreasons Cvalues Dadvantages()2.A.convenient Bpractical Cstrange Ddifficult 专题 四 真题再现()3.A.heavy Beasy Chard Dsafe ()4.A.talking Bfinding Cdetermining Dseeking ()5.A.prefer Brecommend Cprepare Ddemand ()6.A.thick Blight Clong Dsoft ()7.A.change Ballow Creduce Dpress专题 四 真题再现()8.A.thin Brou
9、gh Cblack Dsmooth ()9.A.way Bsight Cflow Dsteam ()10.A.Meanwhile BGenerally CAfterwards DFinally ()11.A.show up Bdiffer from Cbreak down Dcompensate for ()12.A.attention Bsupport Crespect Dadmission专题 四 真题再现【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了什么形状的钢笔让我们使用起来感到舒服，笔尖的好坏对我们书写的影响以及线条的粗细和深浅所产生的影响。1A 人们买钢笔时经常仅仅根据外表。loo
10、ks外表、外貌。2D 然而如果你遵循下面的方法的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不难。由转折词However可知此处使用difficult符合句意。专题 四 真题再现3B 拿在手中比较舒服的钢笔使用起来也比较容易。由fit comfortably可知此处指钢笔好用。4C 决定钢笔使用起来是否舒服的最重要的因素是钢笔的粗细。这里用动词determineing。5A 由前后句意可知此处应该用prefer(更喜欢)。6C 太长的钢笔会使人感到顶端太重以及不稳定。由前后句意可知此处强调太长钢笔的弊端。7B 笔尖应该能够使墨水均匀地流出。allow sb.sth.to do sth.准许某人物做某事。专题 四
11、真题再现8D 由上句笔尖能够使墨水均匀地流出可知此处指：使写出流畅的字体成为可能。smooth流畅的、光滑的。9C 不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖可能会留下一滴滴的墨水。block阻塞，堵塞。此题易误选A，block the way堵塞道路，不符合句意要求。10D 由第二段句首的First of all和第三段句首的Then以及最后一段的内容可知此处应该用Finally，表示此段介绍钢笔的最后一个特点。11D 细线条的钢笔可以弥补蹩脚的书写。compensate for补偿，赔偿。12A专题预测专题 四 专题预测Dear teachers and students,today I have impor
12、tant news to announce that our school will hold a Thanksgiving quiz competition this month.Nearly 400 years ago,our forefathers explored this land and lived on it after experiencing unimaginable hardships.Because of their great _1_，life gets better and better.Its the culture that we should never _2_
13、.Therefore,to maintain our forefatherstradition and bring you _3_ before the Thanksgiving holiday,our school will hold this competition.专题 四 专题预测This year the competition is based on an advanced waythe online quiz,which _4_ that the competition can be held within flexible time,with more contestants
14、and more pleasure,but less pressure.Next,please allow me to give you some detailed _5_._6_ we hold this competition by the means of making an online quiz,you can do the quiz on our schools Website anytime from November 23rd to 30th.This online quiz system _7_ hundreds of you to do the competition wh
15、en you have time.Itll save you out of the _8_ between your academic work and the competition.专题 四 专题预测This online Thanksgiving quiz competition will _9_ your knowledge from various aspects.Youll be tested on Thanksgivings history,custom,etc.Besides,every contestant will get the randomized(随机的)questi
16、ons to avoid cheating.Finally,this is a competition with cool prizes for top 50 winners.As for the score,you can know it _10_.Because its a selfgrading quiz,you can see your score once you finish the testing.The more amazing point is that the results can be ranked by the scores and top 50 winners ca
17、n be _11_ shortly.It is quite _12_，isnt it?The exact name list of the winners will be declared on the website soon after the competition.专题 四 专题预测Dear students,welcome to the competition based on the online Thanksgiving quiz.Wish you good luck!()1.A.ambitionsBefforts Cpreparations Dcongratulations()
18、2.A.abuse Bdestroy Cdiscriminate Dforget()3.A.pleasure Bknowledge Cpromotion Dhope()4.A.demands Bindicates Cmeans Dagrees专题 四 专题预测()5.A.analysis Binstruction Csuggestion Dregulation ()6.A.Though BWhen CAfter DBecause ()7.A.allows Badvises Cpromises Drequires ()8.A.disorder Bdifference Cdilemma Ddist
19、ribution ()9.A.use Bcheck Cenrich Dprove专题 四 专题预测()10.A.suddenly Bgradually Cquickly Dimmediately ()11.A.picked up Bfigured out Cbrought up Ddepended on ()12.A.beneficial Beffective Cefficient Dinteresting专题 四 专题预测【文章大意】本文主要介绍了感恩节测试竞赛的举办原因、举办方式(网上竞赛模式)及竞赛结果的胜者确定等。1B 根据上一句中的“experiencing unimaginable
20、 hardships”可判断此处指先辈们的努力使我们的生活越来越好。故选B。2D 根据上文“our school will hold a Thanksgiving quiz competition this month”可知，我们举行感恩节测试竞赛就是为了纪念感恩节，即没有忘记感恩节。由此判断选D。专题 四 专题预测3A 根据下文“the competition can be held within flexible time,with more contestants and more pleasure”的提示可判断选A。4C 由语境可知，“which _4_ that the compet
21、ition can be held within flexible time,with more contestants and more pleasure,but less pressure”是对“the online quiz”的解释，故用means(意思是)。5B 根据下文是对此次感恩节测试竞赛的各事项的解释说明，故选B。专题 四 专题预测6D 根据前后的因果关系可判断选D。7A 网上测试系统准许成百的你们参与比赛，只要你们有时间。由此判断选A。8C 传统的比赛方式给师生造成了想参加比赛又怕影响学习的这种进退两难的选择，而网上竞赛方式避免了这种窘境，故选C。9B 比赛自然是从各方面检测学
22、生对感恩节的了解，故选B。10D 由“you can see your score once you finish the testing”可推断你可以立刻知道成绩。故选D。专题 四 专题预测11A 由“this is a competition with cool prizes for top 50 winners”和“the results can be ranked by the scores”可推断此处指根据成绩选出50名胜利者，故选A。12C 根据“you can see your score once you finish the testing.The more amazing point is that the results can be ranked by the scores and top 50 winners can be _11_ shortly.”可推断网上竞赛的效率之高，由此判断选C。
