1、Section Grammar&Writing语法专题突破品味语法1Polluted water and air can do great harm to our health.2 The experienced doctors returned from Europe last Sunday.3The book written by Mr.Smith is of great value.4Those invited felt excited to attend such a great ceremony.5The water companies were worried about the
2、polluted water.自我探究1例1中的polluted，例2中的experienced，例3中的written by Mr.Smith都是过去分词(短语)作定语。2通过例1可以看出，及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示被动和完成的意义。3通过例2可以看出，有些过去分词实际上相当于一个形容词，有固定的意义，experienced意为“富有经验的”。4例1中的excited和例2中的worried是过去分词作表语；invited和polluted是过去分词作定语。讲解归纳过去分词()一、分词的概念 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或状语等。分词有两种，一
3、种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，但意义有所区别：现在分词表示主动和进行；过去分词一般表示被动和完成。二、过去分词的定语和表语功能定语(1)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。只表示完成不表示被动：fallen leaves 落叶；the risen sun升起的太阳表示被动：an honored guest一位受尊敬的客人表示被动和完成：the broken glass 碎了的杯子；a divided country 一个分裂的国家定语(1)单个过去分词作定语时，一般
4、放在被修饰词语之前；(2)有些单个的过去分词在习惯上往往放在所修饰词语的后面。Hurry up，there is only a little time left.快点，时间不多了。过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。The girl，brought up by her uncle(who was brought up by her uncle)，has begun to work now.由她叔叔带大的这个女孩现在已经参加工作了。表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。When we heard of it，we were de
5、eply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。不要把过去分词作表语与被动语态混为一谈。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。On the earth,70%of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)三、过去分词作定语和表语时要注意以下两点：1“系表”结构与被动语态的区别：“be
6、过去分词”表状态时，是“系表”结构，此时后面多跟at，with，in等介词引起的短语；表行为时，是被动结构，有时后面有by短语表动作执行者。除be动词外的“系动词过去分词”都是“系表”结构。试比较：Because of the heavy rain，our car got trapped in the mud.(系表结构)由于大雨我们的车陷在了稀泥里。More than 200 people were trapped in the building by the big fire.(被动语态)两百多人被大火困在了大楼里。2过去分词与现在分词的区别：过去分词具有完成和被动的含义，而现在分词具有进
7、行和主动的含义。试比较：Behind any success there is a moving story.(现在分词表主动)每一个成功的人或事的背后都有一个感人的故事。The moved audience burst into applause for his heroic deeds.(过去分词表被动)激动的听众对他的英雄行为报以热烈的掌声。The travelling star in the sky is probably a manmade satellite.(现在分词表进行)天空中运行的那颗星星很可能是一颗人造卫星。写作专题突破【写作要求】(2009年高考陕西卷)假定你是李华，在
8、一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Grown-up的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助。请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回帖。【写作要点】1告诉Grown-up要理解母亲。2给Grown-up 提出解决问题的具体建议。【要点词汇】1作为同龄_答案：as a student of your age2心贴心的谈话_答案：heart-to-heart talks3对的态度_答案：attitudes toward/to4向某人证明_答案：prove to sb.that.5分担家务_答案：share the housework【句式结构】1不做伤害她感情的事是明智的。_ not to do anything
9、 that may _.答案：It should be wise；hurt her feelings2_ advisable _ more _ your mom.答案：Its；to talk；with3你应当学会把自己的事情做好。You _ your own things well.答案：should learn to do【连句成篇】_【佳作欣赏】Hi，Grown-up，As a student of your age，I understand your situation.The problem you are facing is common among us teenagers.How
10、ever，it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings.Here are a few suggestions.First，its advisable to talk more with your mom.Heart-to-heart talks help you understand each other better.They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas and attitudes toward many things.Second，you
11、 should learn to do your own things well，proving to your mom that you are already a“Grown-up”Its even better if you could share more of the housework，such as cleaning，washing and cooking.Hope my ideas will work.【类文点津】劝说建议信是劝说收信人接受或拒绝某一想法、观点、提议或行动并提出自己的建议让对方采取进一步行动的书信形式之一。开头常用句式：I feel a bit surprise
12、d/shocked/puzzled/confused when knowing that.I am writing to you mainly to express my views/opinions about.结尾常用句式：I will be more than happy/delighted if my ideas/suggestions are helpful/beneficial/useful to you.I will be very happy if you consider/take/follow my advice.表建议的句型：Why dont you.？/Why not.？/How about.？/What about.?It would be a good idea if you.I suggest/advise/recommend that./My suggestion/advice is that.You had better/might as well do.If I were you，I would./Its about/high/just time that.Its necessary/important that.(should)do.
