1、英语语法填空案例解析及应对策略肥西实验高级中学宋雨语法填空复习策略1,精读教材文章,重视基础知识2，深度思考、举一反三，结合语境理解文章3，联系实际，语言回归日常生活语法填空是近年来高考英语学科新推出的一种题型这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法、句法甚至是语篇综合分析的能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平和学科素养。下面通过一些题目，来分析一下出题者通常都喜欢挖怎样的“坑”，让考生不知不觉陷入而无法自拔(2018.3.3rd英语模考):A pet shop is 61._(provide)the first ever pet and human first aid training co
2、urse to their team of 600 shop floor staff at stores in the US.解析：从第二段继续介绍这家宠物店刚刚组建好救援队伍来看，应是还没有提供救援服务。考查目标：考查学生语篇综合分析能力，不能仅根据语法知识就轻易得下结论，这是高考考查学生必备的能力之一语篇综合分析能力错误选项：providing;provided正确答案：to provide“坑”：非常思维、深藏不露对策一：隔岸观火、以静制动(2018.3.3rd英语模考):.and The Dog First Aid Company to develop the 63_(special)
3、tailored course.分析：大多数同学根据空缺前有the，进而判定此处为最高级考查目标：出题者此处挖空，恰好也有the,让学生误以为是考形容词最高级，而且貌似最高级在这里也说得通；但是学生忽略了最高级应用的一个重要语境比较范围；该句没有提供比较范围，所以不能用最高级，而是特别地定制服务；考查学生综合语言分析应用能力正确答案：speically错误选项：most special;specialest;specialist复习：常见最高级的范围词语:in our class in the country;of all；of the three.套路五：非常思维对策五：分析句意、选择对比(
4、课后答标检测):Facial expression can _(apply)to video chatting,but body language can only found in a face-to-face conversation分析：根据句子主语为物，结合固定搭配，轻而易举得出答案正确答案：be applied错误选项：applied;be applying 复习巩固：有关apply的固定搭配以及变形，往往是出题者的高频考查对象apply sth.to sth.sth be applied to(doing)sthapply(to sb)for sthapply oneself to
5、 doing sthan application form/letterapplicant 坑二：混淆视听对策二：冷静分析、明察秋毫(2018.3.3rd英语模考):“At Pets Corner we have always tried to apply 67_ honest and normal approach to everything that we do.分析：根据句意应为把厚道的途径应用在所做的每件事上考查目标：出题者有意根据学生所学apply for sth短语而让学生跳进陷阱，这道题考查学生灵活辨识短语以及整个句意的能力正确答案：an错误选项：for;a 套路三：打破常规、故
6、弄玄虚对策三：细心体察、反其道而行(2018.3.3rd英语模考):-so 70_ makes sense that our staffs first aid knowledge extend beyond the standard expectations.分析：根据句子结构，该句为主语从句，that后面为完整的句子，不缺任何成分考查目标：出题者此处挖空，让学生误以为是what makes sense is that.句型;实际考查学生正确分辨句型结构的能力类似的固定结构还有：正确答案：it错误选项：what;that It is known to all that.What is know
7、n to all is that.As is known to all,.To make matters worse,.What makes matters worse is that,.套路四：明此实彼、虚晃一枪对策四：熟记句型、逐个击破(2018.小卷实战06):Anyone can practice it(calligrahpy)and 68._ is required is a simple set including brush,ink and paper.易错分析：根据句子结构，该句主语部分缺少成分，根据后面的描述，缺少指代物的主语；而不是it作主语，也不是as或者which引导的
8、非限制性定语从句考查目标：出题者此处挖空，让学生误以为是as is required等非限制性定语从句;实际考查学生分析句意和句子成分的能力类似的固定结构还有：正确答案：what错误选项：it;which;as What is known to all is that.What matters is that.What makes matters worse is that.What he said/called/suggested/asked is that.这些句型结构中，what与动词构成主谓关系或动宾关系(课后达标检测):New paintings appeared in Tang d
9、ynasty,replacing the previous door pictures 6_(feature)the gods believed to able to protect the residents.分析：该句考查单词用法考查目标：出题者此处挖空，考查feature的“熟词新义”正确答案：featuring错误选项：featured;featureingfeature fitn.特征，特点;容貌，面貌;vi.起主要作用;作重要角色;以.为特征套路四：熟词新用、熟词新意对策四：勤过单词、扫除盲点命题特点11、填、填填什么词？虚词以及能够使句意完整的固定句式和搭配虚词以及能够使句意完整
10、的固定句式和搭配虚词是指什么词？冠词、介词、连词等在句中不能独立承担成分的词；具体而言，着重考察固定句式、固定搭配、各种从句关系词、连接词等虚词22、变、变变哪些词？实词实词动词、形容词、副词、代词动词、形容词、副词、代词哪些实词通常会考？词型变化多端、百搭的实词；如apply;compete;commit;dovote;care.变填连词冠词介词副词名词动词形容/副词代词 定语从句引导词；状语、名词性从句中的引导词常考词 that,who(m),which,whether,although，what,where等 并列连词及涉及连词的固定搭配：祈使句+and/or.,not.but.,nei
11、ther nor.的等 强调句；倒装句 neither/nor/so+主/助动词+助动词/主语 带the的固定搭配以及带有不定冠词的固定搭配;a+辅音音素；eg.a universal+n an+元音音素;eg.an honest.n.前;vi.后;定语从句介词+关系代词 等 功能性连接副词：however,therefore,anyhow 等 修饰比较级的副词 even、much、far等，still、yet特定功能等不定代词;反身代词;形容词性物主代词;单复数;所有格;词缀;词性的转化谓语:时态;语态;情态动词+V,;特殊句型中虚拟语气非谓语:不定式;现在分词;过去分词;特殊句型中的动名词
12、比较级、最高级及其固定句式;n.与adj、adj 与 adv.相互转化;adv.修饰 adj./adv./v.解题步骤1、跳读大意、搞定易题2、反复斟酌、补填难题3、通读检查、大小写、答题是否错位、是否超越分界线一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的时态、语态、形、数的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。解题技巧及典型例析：技巧 1：名词形式变化名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：There are many students living
13、at school，the (child)houses are all far from school解析：由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格childrens。技巧 2：动词形式变化动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。其中不定式有:to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done几种形式。例2：A talk_(give)yesteday was written by Profes
14、sor Zhang解析：句中的was是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的被动式given.技巧 3、有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式，这时需要进行词类转换（可变成名词或形容词）例 3：But Jane knew from past experience that her_(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.解析：提示词choose是动词，但在宾语从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，故用名词choice。技巧 4：代词形式变化代词形式变化通常是与人称变
15、化有关的即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词，反身代词要注意单复数。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother、else/other等。例4：The king decided to see the painter by_(he)解析：由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧 5：形容词、副词的变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前加moreless和mostleast，且形容词的最高级还要加“the”。例5：I am（
16、tall）than Liu WenI am the tallest student in my class解析：此题后句交代了 I 是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他高，所以用taller。友情提示：此外要注意不规则形容词比较级、最高级，如bad,ill;far;well等技巧 6：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式oncetwice.例6：To my three sons，I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a
17、 half,my second son shall take a(three)解析：从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才符合题意。技巧 7：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例7：Louis lost his wallet yesterday，So he was vvery_(happiness)解析：在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知
18、将happiness 变成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧 1：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例8：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy解析：从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，因enjoying 的逻辑主语为children,故其答案为
19、themselves。如果“跳过”横线，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语“so as to”，所以，so是正解。例9：She works very hard as to find a well-paid job技巧 2：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对三大从句（状语、名词性、定语从句）引导词的掌握程度。例10：He did not done_his father had asked him to do解析：审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。解析：经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为tho
20、se，且指人，所以只能填入who。例11：Those_want to go to the village must sign here技巧 3：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词+介词/副词连用的多些。例12：The US consists_fifty states解析：根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由组成”，所以答案是of。解析：生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。例13：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleav
21、e to take_of her技巧 4：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合，起介词作用介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例14：Mr Smith took a plane to London_of taking a train此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，此题得解。例15：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_of him技巧 5：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but
22、，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有:bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，not but等。例16：Little Wang Jun could not go to school_his family was too poor解析：此处表示原因，后一分句和前者是因果关系，所以填because。解析：横线处的词与后面可以构成bothand，故答案为Both。例17：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre技巧 6：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有
23、in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的考查主要是逻辑关系副词，如：however，therefore，yet，even,still等。例18：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed例19：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him_Saturday afternoon例20：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay_Zhang Wen例21：It was only one day left._，h
24、is father had no idea to answer him解析：这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however The Dragon Boat Festival is on 1 fifth day of May according to the Chin
25、ese calendar.For thousands of years,the festival has been celebrated by eating zong zi and racing dragon boats in honour 2 Qu Yuan,who is said to have committed suicide(自杀)by drowning himself.Qu was a minister of the State of Chu located in present-day Hunan and Hubei provinces,during the Warring St
26、ates Period（战国时期）.He was upright（正直的）,loyal and highly respected._3_,he was dismissed from office(被革职）.Realizing that the country was in the hands of evil officials,Qu 4 (leap)into River Miluo on the fifth day of the fifth month.Nearby fishermen rushed over to save him but were _5_(able)to recover h
27、is body.The people of Chu _6_ mourned（哀悼）Qus death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost _7_ year on the day of his 8 (die).But one year,the spirit of Qu appeared and told the mourners that a huge reptile（爬行动物）in the river had stolen the rice.The spirit then advised _9_ to wrap the rice and bi
28、nd（捆绑）it _10_ throwing it into the river.During the Duanwu Festival,zong zi is eaten to symbolize（象征，表示）the rice offerings to Qu.And the dragon-boat races symbolize the many attempts to rescue and recover Qus body.阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）theofHoweverleapedunableWho/thateverydeaththembefore
