1、Unit 1Discovering useful structuresDirect Speech and Indirect Speech(I)statements and questions直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语。直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句时，转换为间接引语时,在句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等方面都有变化。1.转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.1)He said,“Im going to Beijing.”He said that
2、 he was going to Beijing.2)He asked,“Are you a teacher?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.3)She asked,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 陈 述 句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替。注意，可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that，但不可直接说told that。He said,“I have been to t
3、he Great Wall.”He said(to us)that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.转换步骤:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSar
4、ah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah一般疑问句He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.间接引语用连词whether或if引导，
5、原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序。“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?”They asked him.They asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.转换
6、步骤:特殊疑问句He said to me,“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They a
7、sked him whenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.转换步骤:选择疑问句He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take trai
8、n.用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化 直接引语时态 间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时 人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾第三人称不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变She said,“I like tenni
9、s.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“You must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted help him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几
10、点：The geography teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变She says that shell never forget the days in the country.The children said,“We love this game.”They told us that they love that game.She says,“Ill never forget the days in the country.”2.如果直接引语所表
11、述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:1.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候；2.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时；3.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时；4.当引语是谚语、格言时；5.当直接引语中有情态动词 should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,need时。直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词 this,that,these thosenow
12、,then,todaythat day this week that week yesterday the day before last weekthe week beforefour days agofour days beforethe day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext monththe next month here there come,go,bring take直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould（不变）willwouldwouldwould（
13、不变）maymightmightmight（不变）cancouldcouldcould（不变）mustmust/had to1.“I never eat meat,”he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2.“Ive found my wallet,”he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3.“I took it home with me,”she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.Practice(I)hetoldshe had takenatehad foun
14、d his4.The teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5.“I met her yesterday,”he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.6.“You must come here before five,”he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.r
15、isestoldhad theregoeshadbefore7.“I bought the house 10 years ago,”he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8.“Did you see her last week?”he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9.He said,“You can sit here,Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there.hadasked ifcouldbeforebeforetold10.He asked,“Ho
16、w did you find it,mother?”He asked his mother _ _ _ found it.11.“Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12.“Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.how she hadwhere I had livedthosewhether I1.“I dont want to go sightseeing,”said John.John sa
17、id that _ to go sightseeing.2.The mother said,“Im cooking.”The mother said that _.3.Daisy said,“I have bought a new computer.”Daisy said that _ a new computer.Practice(II)he didnt wantshe was cookingshe had bought4.They said,“We stayed in America.”They said that _ in America.5.He said,“I had left fo
18、r Beijing before you called me.”He said that _ for Beijing before _.6.Tom said,“I will explain it to you after class.”Tom said that he _ after class.7.She said,“I will buy this book today.”She said she _.they(had)stayedhe had leftI called himwould explain it to mewould buy that book that day8.The ol
19、d man said,I am surprised with the changes that have taken place here.“The old man said _ surprised with the change that_.9.The stranger said to me,“A play is being performed now.”The stranger told me that _ _.10.The volunteer said,“I will attend the performance tomorrow.”The volunteer said _ _.he w
20、ashad taken place there a play was being performed then he/she would attend the performance the next day1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”3.Tom said“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said tha
21、t he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.Practice(III)4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.6.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.My classmate asked me if/whether I hadbeen to Paris.1.Review grammar and finish the exercises on P 5 and P 42.2.Preview Using language on P 6 and 7.
