1、（一）独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词名词(代词)+形容词名词(代词)+副词名词(代词)+不定式名词(代词)+介词短语构成（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。The test finishedThe test finished,we began our holiday.,we began our holiday.=When the test was finishedWhen the test was finished,we
2、 began our h,we began our holiday.oliday.例如：例如：11）考试结束了，我们开始放假。）考试结束了，我们开始放假。The president assassinatedThe president assassinated,the whole country,the whole country was in deep sorrow.was in deep sorrow.=After the president was assassinatedAfter the president was assassinated,the w,the whole countr
3、y was in deep sorrow.hole country was in deep sorrow.22）总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。）总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.33）如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。）如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。This done,we went home.55）会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。）会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。44）工作完成后，我们才回家。）工作完成后，我们才回家。The meeting gone overThe meeti
4、ng gone over,everyone tired to go,everyone tired to go home earlier.home earlier.66）他回到了房子里，耳朵冻红了。）他回到了房子里，耳朵冻红了。He came into the room,He came into the room,his ears red with coldhis ears red with cold.77）他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。）他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。He came out of the library,He came out of the library,a large book
5、 under a large book under his armhis arm.88）史密斯先生在看报纸，双脚浸在盆里。）史密斯先生在看报纸，双脚浸在盆里。Mr.Smith is reading Mr.Smith is reading newspapers,newspapers,feet in the basinfeet in the basin.一、with结构的构成它是由介词它是由介词withwith或或without+without+复合结构构复合结构构成，复合结构作介词成，复合结构作介词withwith或或withoutwithout的复合宾的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或
6、代词语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。补充说明with的复合结构with/without+名词（代词）+现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词形容词形容词副词副词不定式不定式介词短语介词短语11、She came into the roomShe came into the room，with her nose with her nose red because of coldred be
7、cause of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）4、He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词
8、，作伴随状语）6、Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）（一）在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。如：He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）（二）With结构在句中也可以作定语。如：1.I like eating the moon cakes with eggs.
9、2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分在语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。如：With
10、him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）（He was taken good care of.）2.在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。如：He could not finish it without meto help him.He could not finish it without meto help him.My little son can not sleep without me to company.My little son can not sleep without me to company.1.wit
11、h结构在句子中的位置：表示时间表示时间表示原因表示原因表示条件表示条件表示方式表示方式表示伴随表示伴随作状语作状语句首句首用逗号隔开用逗号隔开句末句末不用逗号隔开不用逗号隔开作定语作定语放在被修饰词之后，不用逗号隔开放在被修饰词之后，不用逗号隔开2.with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：现在分词现在分词不定式不定式过去分词过去分词作状语作状语表示正在发生的表示正在发生的或已发生的动作或已发生的动作表示将要发生的表示将要发生的动作动作主动主动表示被动或完成表示被动或完成With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.
12、（小男孩已领过路）With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别：with with结构具有上述功能和特点，而结构具有上述功能和特点，而介词介词with+with+名词或代词（组）名词或代词（组）组成的一般的组成的一般的withwith短短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，
13、但不能表示时间、能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的伴随和条件。在一般的withwith短语中，短语中，withwith后面后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。谓关系。4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系：withwith结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，withwith结构由介词结构由介词withwith或或withoutwithout引导，名词前有冠词、引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构
14、没有散；而独立主格结构没有withwith或或withoutwithout引导，结引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，withwith结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而withwith结构则不能。结构则不能。4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系：独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而替，而withwith结构较口语化，较常用。例如：结构较口语化，较常用
15、。例如：1.1.There were rows of white houses There were rows of white houses with trees in with trees in front of themfront of them.（with+with+复合宾语复合宾语结构，在句中作结构，在句中作定语）定语）2.2.A strong man working a whole dayA strong man working a whole day could not could not jump this high.jump this high.（名词（名词+现在分词构成的独
16、立主格结现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）构，作主语）3.3.The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）4.4.Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）1.1.With nothing _to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.A.lea
17、ving B.leftC.leave D.to leave2.2.The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _on the wall.A.fixing B.fixedC.to be fixing D.to be fixed3.I live in the house with its door _to the south.（这里with结构作定语）A.facing B.facesC.faced D.being faced4.They pretended to be working hard all night with the
18、ir lights_.A.burn B.burntC.burning D.to burn1._（有很多工作要做），I couldnt go to see the doctor.Translate the Chinese in brackets into English to complete the sentence.2.She sat_（低着头）。With a lot of work to do with her head bent 3.The day was bright_（微风吹拂）.with a fresh breeze blowing 1）Because our lessons were over，we went to play football._.2）The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands._.3）My mother is ill，so I wont be able to go on holiday._.Rewrite the underline part using“with”With our lessons over with some flowers in their hands with my mother being ill
