1、.词汇1Her _(娇弱的)health needs great care.2 Mr.Lee is a wellknown _(学 者)in ancient Chinese history.3 Severe _(过 敏 的)reactions may accompany administration of the drug.4The _(展览会)will be opened as soon as everything is in order.5He has been losing f_ ever since the death of his wife.6She says shell come,
2、but I cant make it clear to a s_ time.7A square is a f_ with four equal sides and four right angles.8She put a b_ of flowers by the edge of the table.答案：1.delicate2.scholar3.allergic4.exhibition5.flesh6.specific7.figure8.bunch.短语1on exhibition _2specific examples _3be allergic to _4一串/束 _5活着的，本人_6好像
3、_答案：1.在展览；在展出2.特例3.对过敏4.a bunch of5.in the flesh6.as if/though.填空用所给词的适当形式填空1If there _(be)time,I could give you a much better plan.2I wish she _(be)here with us to enjoy the country.3 It is suggested that you _(attend)the opening ceremony.4It may make him come towards me and I would rather he _(sta
4、y)away from me.5When she came in from the rainstorm,she looked as if she _(take)a shower with her clothes on.答案：1.were2.were3.(should)attend4.stayed5.had taken1specific(adj.)1)明确的；具体的The trouble with Bill was that he never had a specific aim in life.比尔的问题是他从未有过明确的人生目标。2)特定的The money is to be used fo
5、r one specific purpose:the building of the new theatre.这笔钱有专门用途：就是建造新剧院。3)to sth 特有的；独特的The lessons you are presented with are specific to you.你所要学习的内容是专门为你量身定制的。【词语辨析】specific,special,especial,particular这些形容词均含“特殊的；特别的”之意。1)specific着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。They also conserve the cultur
6、e and inheritance specific to their countrys civilization.他们也保护本国文明所特有的文化和遗产。2)special普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。The best students are awarded special scholarships.最好的学生将授予特殊奖学金。3)especial和special含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。Your birthday is an especial/special day for you.你的生日是你的一个特殊的日子。4)particu
7、lar侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。Is there any particular colour you would prefer?你有什么特别喜欢的颜色吗？【知识运用】采用specific,special,especial或particular填空：We havent fixed a/an_date for our meeting.He has a/an_car because he cannot walk.This is a/an_day in the history of our country.Im not_about my clothes;I dont mind what I we
8、ar.Her_way of smiling left a good impression on me.There was nothing in the letter of_importance.This disease is_to this area.She was quite_about the type she wanted.There are so many books here.Why do you like that one in_？They will also be building new roads and a/an_railwayline.答案：specific译文：我们会议
9、的具体日期还没有定下来。special 译文：他有一辆专车，因为他不能走路。special/especial译文：今天是我国历史上一个特殊的日子。particular译文：我不怎么讲究我的衣服，我不在乎我穿什么。particular译文：她特有的微笑给我留下了美好的印象。particular/especial译文：这封信里没什么特别重要的内容。specific译文：这种疾病只发生在这一地区。specific译文：对自己想要哪种类型她十分明确。particular/especial译文：这里有这么多书，你为什么特别喜欢那一本？special译文：他们还打算修建一些新的公路和一条专用铁路线。2fi
10、gure(n.)1)C,often pl.(代表数量，尤指官方资料中的)数字This figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacation.到了暑假，这个数字上升到72%。2)C 人物；人士He was once a leading figure in the community,but now he has become a figure of fun.他原是该社区的头面人物，但现在成了人们取笑的对象。3)C(远处人的)轮廓；(隐约可见的)人影I made out three figures moving in the distance.
11、我隐约看出远处有三个人影在移动。4)C 身材；体形；(尤指)身段Shes still got a lovely figure.她的身材仍很秀美。5)C(绘画或故事中的)人；动物The central figure in the painting is the artists daughter.画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。6)C(书中的)图；表The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa.第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。图解figure的一词多义：【知识拓展】1)figure sb/sth out(1)弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白I could
12、nt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。(2)计算出(金额或成本)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有？2)figure on sth|figure on(sb/sth)doing sth 计划，打算；预料到If you figure on success，you stand a better chance of winning.如果你想成功，你就有了取胜的较大可能。Dont figure on the weath
13、er being fine for your garden party.不要指望花园聚会有好天气。【词语辨析】figure,shape,outline,form这些名词均有“形式”或“外形”之意。1)figure指轮廓；外形；尤指体态，相貌或身体。同时表示内部构造与外形。Im dieting to keep my figure.我正在节食以保持身材不变。2)shape通常指由线和面所围成的外观上的形，侧重立体形状。shape与figure 相近，但强烈表示内部是实体。Shape is the primary way we recognize what an object is.形状是我们辨识物
14、体的最主要方式。3)outline指任何形状的轮廓线。强调由线条或轮廓所表示的外形。She could see only the outline(s)of the trees in the dim light.朦胧中她只看见树木的轮廓。4)form最普通用词，含义广，既可指客观物体的外形，又可用于抽象概念的“形”。form是相对于一个物体本质而言的某物的外形和构造，侧重与内容或颜色有区别的外形、形状。Churches are often built in the form of a cross.教堂常常建成十字形。【知识运用】(1)(2008湖 北 27)The present situati
15、on is very complex,so I think it will take me some time to_itsreality.Amake upBfigure outClook through Dput off答案：B本题题意：目前的形势非常复杂，我认为需要一段时间才能搞清楚真实的情况。figure sb/sth out表示“弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白”。(2)We must be practical and_thecost_we make a decision.Aturn out;before Bwork out;beforeCfigure out;until Dcome out;un
16、til答案：B本题题意：我们应该实事求是地先把费用算出来，然后再做决定。work out和figure out都可以表示“计算出”；例如：Have you figured out/worked out how much the holiday will cost？你算出假期得花多少钱了吗？before引导时间状语从句，表示“(指时间)在以前”；例如：Do it before you forget.趁早动手，免得忘了。(3)采用figure,shape,outline或 form的适当形式填空：Ice,snow and steam are different_of water.He drew t
17、he_of a house on the paper.These dresses come in all_and sizes.She has an attractive_.A square is a_with four equal sides and four right angles.答案：forms 译文：冰、雪、蒸汽是水不同的形态。outline 译文：他把房子的轮廓画在纸上。shapes 译文：这些女装有各种式样与尺寸。figure 译文：她有迷人的曲线。figure译文：正方形是具有四个等边和四个直角的图形。3allergic(adj.)1)(to sth)(对)变态反应的，变应的，
18、过敏的I like cats but unfortunately Im allergic to them.我喜欢猫，但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。2)to sth对十分反感；厌恶You could see he was allergic to housework.你可以看出他很讨厌做家务。【知识拓展】sensitive(adj.)1)(about/to sth)易生气的；易被惹怒的；神经过敏的He is sensitive about his failure.人家一提他的失败他就生气。2)须谨慎对待的；敏感的This is such an sensitive issue that perhaps th
19、e press should not be told.这是一个非常敏感的问题，恐怕不应该告诉新闻界。3)(to sth)敏感的；过敏的This tooth is sensitive to cold.这颗牙对冷过敏。4)(to sth)灵敏的We didnt have a receiver sensitive enough to pick up the signal.我们的接收器不够灵敏，未能收到这个信号。【知识运用】(1)The elderly need special care in winter,as they are_to the sudden change of weather.Ase
20、nsitive Bsensible Cflexible Dpositive答案：A本题题意：老年人在冬季需要特别的照料，因为他们对天气的突然变化很敏感。sensitive(to sth)表示“敏感的；过敏的”。(2)(2007湖北30)Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature,thus creating a_environment.ApeacefulBsensitiveCcommon Dstable答案：D本题题意：水能够吸收或释放出大量热量却引不起大的温差变化，因此建立了一种稳
21、定的环境。stable表示“稳定的；稳固的；牢固的”。(3)Hes allergic_having his picture taken.Aon BtoCfor Dwith答案：B本题题意：他极讨厌照相。be allergic to sth 表示“对十分反感；厌恶”。in the flesh 活生生的；亲自；本人I have corresponded with him for some years,but I have never met him in the flesh.我已和他通信联系好几年了，但一直未与他本人见过面。It is quite a thrill to see a real mo
22、vie star in the flesh.看见电影明星本人是一件令人十分兴奋的事。Bertha could hardly realize that her husband was by her side in the flesh,alive and well.伯莎几乎还没有真正感到她丈夫还好好活着，站在她身边。【知识运用】(1)Ive seen her perform on television,but never_.Ain the flesh Bin a flashCin a rush Din the air答案：A本题题意：我在电视上看过她的表演，但从未见过她本人。in the fles
23、h表示“亲自；本人；活生生的”。(2)I didnt get the number of the car that knocked you over.It was gone_.All I know is that its a big,brown car.Ain the flesh Bin a flashCin a rushDin the air答案：B本题题意：我没有记下撞倒你的那辆汽车的车牌号码，它一下子就开走了，我只知道那是一辆棕色的大轿车。in/like a flash表示“转瞬间；立即”。(3)I found the work being done_.Ain the flesh Bin
24、 a flashCin a rush Din the air答案：C本题题意：我发现这件作品正仓促地被完成。in a rush表示“匆忙地”。(4)Excitement was_.Ain the flesh Bin a flashCin a rush Din the air答案：D本题题意：到处充满了兴奋之情。in the air表示“在传播中；流行；可感觉到；在空中”。虚拟语气(1).基本用法：1与现在事实相反的假设if从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词采用should/would/could/might动词原形。If I had time,I would certainly jo
25、in you in the tennis match.我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。If I were you,I would put her suggestion into account.我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。2与过去事实相反的假设if从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句的谓语动词采用should/would/could/might have过去分词。If I hadnt been caught by something,I would have come to your party yesterday.我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。If he had
26、 taken my advice,he might not have made such a bad mistake.要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。3表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想if从句中的谓语动词主要采用三种形式：一般过去时，were不定式，或should动词原形，还可以见到采用过去 进 行 时 的 情 况；主 句 的 谓 语 动 词 采 用should/would/could/might动词原形。If I should have a chance to try it,I would do it in another way.要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。E
27、ven if they were to fail,they wouldnt lose courage.即使他们万一失败了，他们也不会泄气。.拓展用法：1混合型虚拟条件句在虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致，此时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。If he had not taken my advice,he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干
28、得这样好。2用倒装句表示非真实条件如果条件状语从句的谓语动词中含有were,had或should,可以省略连词if,把were,had或should 放在主语前构成倒装。如果条件状语从句是否定形式，倒装时只能把not放在主语的后面，不能用缩写形式而把not一起放到主语之前。Should there be a flood,what should we do?万一发生了水灾，我们该怎么办呢？Were it not for their assistance,we would be in serious difficulty.要是没有他们的帮助，我们会陷入困境。Had you arrived at t
29、he station ten minutes earlier,you could have caught the train.如果你早十分钟到达车站的话，你早就赶上火车了。3含蓄条件句without,with,but for,under等介词引导的短语表示假设。Without music,the world would be a dull place.如果没有音乐，这个世界将变成一个沉闷的地方。连词or,otherwise,but,however,but that等表示某种假设。We took a taxi to the airport.Otherwise we should have bee
30、n late.我们打的去机场。要不然的话我们说不定就迟到了。分词短语，独立主格结构或不定式短语表示虚拟条件。You would have laughed to see him jump aside.你要是看到他跳到一边的样子会大笑起来。4由上下文的交代而省略了if引导的条件状语从句在这种情况下，上下文事实上就是一个表示违背事实的条件句。上下文如果是由一个句子介绍的，那么这个取代了if条件状语从句的句子应该用直陈语气；而起主句作用的句子则要用虚拟语气。He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his busi
31、ness trip.他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。But that you helped me,I would have failed in the experiment.要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。语法专练从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1(2010天津15)John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 答案：D本题题意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我这件事
32、的话，我会跟他一起去的。本题考查“虚拟语气”的用法。表达与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句采用过去完成时。2.(2010浙江10)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy _.A.would have been savedB.had been saved C.will be savedD.was saved答案：A本题题意：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。本题考查“虚拟语气”的用法。表达与过去事实相反的假设，主句的谓语部分采用“should/would/could/mi
33、ght have 过去分词”形式。3.(2010陕西15)If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had takenC.took D.have taken答案：B本题题意：如果我们走了另外一条路，我们就可能及时赶上开会了。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表达与过去事实相反的假设，if从句采用过去完成时。4.(2010湖 南 29)If he _ my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C
34、.had followed D.would follow答案：C本题题意：如果他听从了我的建议就不会失去工作了。本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表达与过去事实相反的假设，if从句采用过去完成时。5(2009福建35)But for the help of my English teacher,I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have wonCwould win Dwould have won答案：B本题题意：要不是英语老师的帮忙，我就不会在这次英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。表示与过
35、去事实相 反 的 假 设，句 子 的 谓 语 部 分 采 用“would/should/could/mighthave过去分词”结构。6(2009天津15)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down with the first year,we would repair it at our expense.Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight答案：B本题题意：这台打印机质量不错，如果在第一年内出现故障，我们将免费予以维修。表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假设，if从句的谓语部分可以采用“should动词原形”。7(2008
36、山东24)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have managed答案：B本题题意：对你上周的辛勤工作道声辛苦。如果没有你，我们就不可能完成任务。本题考查“虚拟语气”的用法。在“虚拟语气”结构中，without,with,but for,under等介词引导的短语表示假设。此外，根据时间状语last week可以判断本句表达一个与“过去”相反的假设。8(2008江 西 26)Wha
37、t a pity!Considering his ability and experience,he_better.Aneed have done Bmust have doneCcan have done Dmight have done答案：D本题题意：真可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来能够做得更好。might/could have done除了具有推测功能外，还可以用于肯定句，表示过去本来可能发生而实际未完成的行为，常常含有批评、责备、埋怨之意，但语气比较委婉。实际上是虚拟语气的一种表示方法。例如：Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussi
38、on.Otherwise,she might have said something she would regret later.昨天，简没有讨论完就走开了。否则，她会说一些后来会感到后悔的话。9(2006湖 北 31)_fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you beCCould you be DMight you be答案：B本题题意：如果您被解雇了，您的健康保险以及其他方面的福利不会立即被取消。本题考查虚拟语气倒装现象。在if引导的
39、非真实条件中，如果从句中含有助动词、情态动词、be或have，我们可以把连词if 省去，并将should,were,had提到主语之前，构成倒装。10It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox library in my hometown.Awouldnt have fallen Bhad not fallen Cshould fall Dwere to fall答案：B本题题意：若非七岁时我就迷恋上了家乡的梅林达考克
40、斯图书馆，很难想象今天我会做什么。表达与过去事实相反的一个假设，采用虚拟语气结构，状语从句 的 谓 语 部 分 采 用 过 去 完 成 时，主 句 谓 语 部 分 采 用“would/could/might/shouldhave过去分词”。11It_be difficult to discover the truth about Iraq War if people refused to consider anything that might be true.Awould Bcan Cneed Dshould答案：A本题题意：如果人们拒绝考虑任何可能真实的一件事，将很难发现伊拉克战争的真相。
41、本题考查虚拟语气的用法。根据if从句的谓语动词refused可知，采用一般过去时表达了“对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想”，所以主句的谓语部分采用would动词原形。12If I had come to school yesterday,I_howto work out the maths problem now.Awould have know Bwould be known Cwould know Dwill know答案：C本题题意：如果我昨天到校的话，现在就知道如何解答这道数学题了。本题考查“混合型虚拟条件句”的用法。13Did you visit the famous museum?N
42、o.We_it,but we spent too much time shopping.Acould have visited Bmust have visited Ccant have visited Dshouldnt have visited答案：A本题题意：“您参观那家著名的博物馆了吗？”“没有。我们本来可以参观那家博物馆的，但购物时花费了过多的时间”。could have done表示“本来可能发生但由于某种原因而没有发生的行为”属于虚拟语气的表示方法。14 Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year i
43、n high school,otherwise he_astudent of Beijing University.Awould have been Bshould beChas been Dhas been答案：A本题题意：张林高三时沉溺于电脑游戏，否则他早就成了北大的学生了。本题考查含蓄条件的用法。连词or,otherwise,but,however,but that等表示某种假设，相当于if引导的一个非真实条件句，所以主句采用虚拟语气结构。15If the car_break down on the way,you would have to walk back.Ashall BshouldCwillDwould答案：B本题题意：万一汽车中途抛锚，你就得走回来。should表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一；竟然”。根据主句的谓语部分would have to walk back可以判断本句采用了虚拟语气结构，表达了对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想，所以if从句的谓语部分可以采用“shoulddo”结构。
