1、知识点with的复合结构with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。with结构构成方式如下:with或without-名词/代词+形容词例句:He is used to sleeping with the windows open.with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】with或without-名词/代词+副词例句:She left the room
2、 with all the lights on.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语例句:He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式例句:With so much work to do,I have no time for a holiday.with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】with或without-名词/代词+分词例句:We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表
3、示主动动作,即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)With all the things she needed bought,she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动,with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】without+名词/代词+补语例句:Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall withou
4、t anyone noticing(him).with+不定式和+分词的区别加不定式是指将要进行的动作,加分词是指主动或被动动作。with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】with复合结构的句法功能with 复合结构,在句中表状态或说明背景情况,该结构常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。例句:With machinery to do all the work,they will soon have got in the crops.由于所有的工作都是由机器进行,他们将很快收完庄稼。(原因状语)with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】The boy always sleeps with hi
5、s head on the arm.这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语)With spring coming on,trees turn green.春天到了,树变绿了。(时间状语)with的复合结构【with复合结构的构成】with 复合结构可以作定语Anyone with its eyes in his head can see its exactly like a rope.任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。like+名词/
6、代词+补语例句:The old pinetree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance of the cave.The noise sounded like a train going under my house.Bamboo has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.with的复合结构【练习】1._ production up by 60%,the company has had anoth
7、er excellent year.A.As B.For C.With D.Through 【答案】C【解析】本题考查介词with的复合结构“with+n/pron+prep.phrase(介词短语)”的用法。“as”作为连词,意为“因为、由于”,其后必须跟从句;作为介词,意为“作为”,从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with,意思是“因为、由于”。句意是:由于生产(产品)上升了60%,这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。with的复合结构【练习】2._two exams to worry about,I have to work really
8、 hard this weekend.A.Besides B.With C.As for D.Because of 【答案】B【解析】这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词,而不能填连词,“as for”意思是“至于、关于”;because of意思是“由于、因为”,其后不能跟复合结构,所以不能选择C和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“with+n/pron+to do”结构。句意是:由于担心这两门考试,本周末我得真的用功了。with的复合结构【练习】3._our food _,we had to walk to a village for hel
9、p.(成都毕业班第一次诊断试题)A.Since;runs out B.Because;run out C.With;running out D.For;running out【答案】C【解析】“since、because、for”作“由于、因为”讲,是连词,其后只能跟从句,不能跟复合结构,所以不能选A、B、D。由于 run out是不及物动词短语且与our food之间存在主谓关系所以只能用 running out 结构,with在这里表示原因,故答案是C。句意是:在我们的食物快要用完的情况下,我们不得不向附近的村子求援。with的复合结构【练习】4.-You should have prep
10、ared your speech for the meeting,Mrs Smith.-Yes,I know.But how could I _the meeting date fixed so soon.(2005东北三校联考)A.while B.as C.after D.with【答案】D【解析】在所给的选项当中,只有as与with有“由于、因为”之意,而as是连词,其后必须跟从句,所以不能用在这里。只有with符合这一用法,构成复合结构,用作表示原因的状语,代词I之后省略了动词prepare。句意是:因为会议日期确定的太快了,我还没有准备好。with的复合结构【练习】5._so much
11、 homework to do,I wont have time to go to see the film tonight.A.With B.To C.For D.In【答案】A【解析】这里用介词 with的复合结构作状语表示原因,而to、for、in则没有这种复合结构用法,故排除B、C、D,答案是A。句意是:由于有许多家庭作业要去做,今晚我没有时间去看电影了。with的复合结构【练习】6._and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease,the patient sought her doctors
12、help to end her life.(2005年江苏省高考试题)A.Having given up hope of cure B.With no hope for cure C.There being hope for cure D.In the hope of curewith的复合结构【练习】【答案】B【解析】此题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。逗号前的内容作状语,该部分是由介词with构成的短语及现在分词短语suffering from the terrible disease构成的,介词with有两个宾语,分别是 no hope for cure和 no way to red
13、uce her pain。句意是:这位病人由于没有治愈的希望和减轻其痛苦的方法,她饱受疾病煎熬,于是请求大夫结束她的生命。with的复合结构【练习】7.It was cold outside,the boy ran into the room _ his nose red.A.to B.on C.in D.with【答案】D【解析】这个句子是考查with 的复合结构用法的,用with+名词(nose)+形容词(red)作状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in 作为介词则没有这种用法,故排除A、B、C,答案为D。句意是:外面天气很冷,那个男孩跑进了屋子时,鼻子红红的。with的复合结构【练习】8._all the representatives(代表)still not there,the meeting was postponed for several months.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because【答案】B【解析】这里应填入一个介词结构以表示原因或状态,而在所给的选项中without 具有否定意义,不能用在这里;by则表示方式、手段等;because后则要跟从句,只有with具有这种用法,所以选B。句意是:在代表仍然不在场的情况下,会议被推迟了好几个月。