1、1atmosphere1)n.大气；大气层The pollution of the atmosphere is serious.大气污染是严重的。2)n.空气These plants love warm,humid atmospheres.这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。3)n.气氛；氛围Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere.用音乐和灯光创造一种浪漫的气氛。The children grew up in an atmosphere of violence and insecurity.这些孩子在暴力和无安全感的环境中长大。知识
2、拓展clear the atmosphere 消除误会(或紧张、猜疑气氛)a revolutionary atmosphere 革命的气氛高考直击(2008湖北)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_.AatmosphereBstateCsituation Dphenomenon解析：A项除指“大气；空气”外，还有“气氛；环境”的意思；B项“状态”；C项意为“位置；处境”；D项指“现象”。答案：A即学即用完成句子The hotel offers a _ _.这家旅馆使客人感到宾至如归。答案：fr
3、iendly atmosphere2environment n.C,U环境；自然环境An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour.不幸福的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。These rocks are common to certain climate environments.这些岩石是某些气候环境下常见的。词语辨析environment,surroundings,circumstance(s),settingenvironment既可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。surround
4、ings专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼。所以我们说，美丽的surroundings，幸福的environment。circumstance(s)指某事或动作发生时的“情况”。setting 用来指为了突出某个主体而存在的背景、环境。The children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.孩子们在美丽的环境中长大，但是却缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer natur
5、e.也许在这样的情况下我们可以说人定胜天。The setting of the story is a hotel in Paris during the war.故事的背景是战时巴黎的一家旅馆。即学即用填空环境污染_保护环境的措施_环境保护运动_答案：pollution of the environmentmessures to protect the environmentan environmental movement3concerned adj.(about,for)关心的；担心的She is very concerned about her sons study.她很关心儿子的学习。
6、Please dont be concerned about me.请不要为我担心。We are all concerned for her safety.我们大家都担心她的安全。搭配as far as I am concerned 就我来说As far as I am concerned,the plan is acceptable.在我看来，这项计划是可以接受的。As far as I am concerned,school life is enjoyable.就我而言，学校生活很有趣。知识拓展concern n.U，C担心；担忧 vt.使担忧；牵涉The concerned parent
7、s are full of concern about the matter which may concern their child.忧心忡忡的家长非常担心那件可能会涉及他们孩子的事情。concerning prep.关于We have several discussions concerning the matter.关于这件事，我们已讨论了好几次。即学即用_，education is about learning and the more you learn the more equipped for life you are.AAs far as I concernedBAs far
8、 as I am concernedCSo far as I am concerningDSo far as I was concerned答案：BHe heard nothing_this matter.Aconcerned BconceptionCconcerning Drevealing答案：C4major adj.主要的；多数的；较大的；重大的 vi 主修；专攻One of our major aims of coming here is to visit the Great Wall.我们来这里的一个主要目的是参观长城。He spent the major part of a yea
9、r abroad.他一年中的多数时间都在国外度过。The major part of the job is done by machine.大部分的工作由机器来做。Tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching.汤姆在改进教学方面起了较重要的作用。He majors in chemistry.他主修化学。词语辨析major,mainmajor“较大的，比较重要的”，指在规模、数量、重要性等方面占有比较突出的地位。main“主要的；最重要的”，指某件事或某个东西是整体中最主要、最明显的部分，通常仅作定语。There were no m
10、ajor injuries.没有发生重大的伤亡。She noted down the main points of the speech.她把讲话的要点记了下来。知识拓展majority n.the(常与of连用)大数多；多数派The majority of people prefer peace to war.多数人喜爱和平而不要战争。联想minor adj.少数的，较小的；较次要的I made minor alterations to the article.我对这篇文章作了小规模的修改。She acted as a minor role in the play.她在剧中扮演了一个次要的角
11、色。minority n.sing.少数；少数民族They are supported by only a minority of voters.他们只得到少数选民的支持。即学即用The_aim of the air raid was the complete destruction of all means of communications by bombing.Amost BmostlyCmajor Dmajority答案：C5evidence n.U根据；证明；U，C迹象，痕迹There is no evidence of his being guilty.没有任何证据证明他有罪。Ev
12、idence was piling up against them.不利于他们的证据越来越多。He couldnt show me any evidence for this statement.对于这种说法，他无法给我出示任何证据。The room bore evidence of a struggle.这房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。搭配in evidence 可看见的，明显的Hes the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings.他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头的那种人。知识拓展evident
13、adj.明显的，清楚的It is evident that he has been drinking.显然他喝了酒。It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake.你们一定很清楚，他犯了错误。即学即用英译汉I was asked to give evidence._答案：我被要求出庭做证。6urgent adj.紧急的The patient was in urgent need of medical care.这个病人需要紧急医疗看护。Its not urgent;it can wait until tomorrow.这事
14、不急，可以等到明天再说。知识拓展urge vt.催促，力劝 n.C强烈欲望，迫切要求They urged us to go at once.他们催促我们马上去。She urged me to rest.(She urged me into resting.)她力劝我去休息。The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。urgency n.U紧急，迫切This is a matter of great urgency.这是一件十分紧急的事情。urgently adv.紧急地，迫切地We urgently nee
15、d these books.我们急需这些书。即学即用As he works in a remote area,he visits his parents only _.Aoccasionally BanxiouslyCpractically Durgently答案：A7pollute v.污染；弄脏The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.当地工厂排放的有毒废弃物污染了这条河。知识拓展polluter n.污染者；污染源pollution n.污染；弄脏polluted adj.被污染的即学即用翻译句子我
16、们必须采取措施阻止环境污染。_答案：We must take messures to stop pollution of the environment.8complain vt.&vi.抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚He is always complaining.他总是发牢骚。What was the weather like on your holiday?你度假时天气怎么样？Oh,I cant complain.嗬，没说的(要多好有多好)。I complained to the hotel manager that the room was too damp.我向旅馆经理抱怨说房间太潮湿。She
17、complained to me about his bad manners.她向我抱怨他的无礼。We have nothing to complain about/of.我们没什么好抱怨的。知识拓展complaint n.C，U 抱怨，不满I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you have given me.我对你给我的旅馆房间有几点不满意见。You have no cause for complaint.你没有理由抱怨。动词变名词类似的词形变化：动词名词complain 抱怨complaint 抱怨weigh 称重weig
18、ht 重量join 连接joint 接头即学即用The moment I saw him,he began to _ about the bad weather he had while traveling there.He must have had a very unpleasant journey there.Acomplain BcompensateCcompromise Dexplain答案：A9absolutely adv.1)completely 完全地You are absolutely wrong.你完全错了。2)without conditions 无条件地；绝对地Ill
19、agree with him absolutely and wont change my mind later.我会绝对同意他的意见而且日后不会改变主意。知识拓展absolute adj.完全的absolutism n.专制主义即学即用翻译句子他把此事讲得一清二楚。_答案：He made it absolutely clear.1take in 收容；接纳；理解；吸收；欺骗Though she was poor,she took in a poor boy.尽管她很穷，但她收容了一个可怜的男孩。He had nowhere to live in,so we took him in.他没地方住，
20、因此我们收留了他。It took me a long time to take in what he said.我花了好长时间才明白他说的话。I was taken in by the cheat.我被那骗子骗了。知识拓展take off 起飞；脱(衣帽)take on 呈现；承担take out 拿出；拔掉take over 接管take up 开始(从事)；拿起；占据(空间、时间)take place 发生take the place of.代替的位置take part in 参加take a chance 冒险take ones time 慢慢来；不要着急高考直击(2007辽宁)Dont
21、 be_by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.Ataken off Btaken outCtaken away Dtaken in解析：考查短语含义。take off“起飞；脱(衣帽)”；take out“拿出；拔掉”；take away“拿走”；take in“欺骗”；根据句意，D项正确。答案：D即学即用Mr Smith will have to stay in hospital for a good while.Dont worry.Henry will _ his duties.Atake up Btake overC
22、take in Dtake off答案：B2give out 分发；用完；用尽；发表；公布；分发；发出(光、热)Please give out the examination papers.请把试卷发下去。After a days walk,both the horse and the man gave out.走了一天后，人和马都累了。The sun gives out light and heat.太阳给我们光和热。知识拓展give up 放弃give in 屈服；让步give off 发出(气体等)give back 返回；归还give away 泄密；赠送即学即用(2007福建)The
23、 news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was_on the radio yesterday.Aturned out Bfound outCgiven out Dcarried out答案：C3in a nutshell 一言以蔽之；简括地说；用一句话概括There is a lot I could say about the lecture,but in a nutshell,it is bad.我对这个演讲有很多的讨论，但简而言之：遭透了。To put it in a nutshell,the show was a tota
24、l disaster.一句话，这场演出糟糕透了。知识拓展in a word 总之；一句话in brief 简单地说；简言之in short 长话短说；综上所述in summary 总的说来；概括起来即学即用翻译句子简而言之，我不喜欢这部电影。_答案：In a nutshell,I dont like the movie.1不定式的用法功能规则说明例 句作主语不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。To see is to believe.眼见为实。To learn an art is very hard.学习一门艺术很难。It is right to give
25、 up smoking.戒烟很正确。作宾语不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。How I wish to see my old friends again.我是多么想再见到我的老朋友啊。I find it interesting to study English.我发现学习英语很有趣。She made it clear that she disagreed.她明确表示她不同意。功能规则说明例 句作宾语补足语在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,m
26、ake等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。可以简化为下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带上to。He asked me to do the work with him.他让我同他一块工作。These pictures made me think of my children hood.这些照片使我想起了我的童年。Dont let him go.不要让他走。I often hear him sing the song.我经常听到他唱歌。He is often heard to sing the song.经常会听到他唱歌。功能规则说明例 句作定语不定式作定语须
27、放在被修饰词的后面。当作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面须有相应的介词。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。Have you got anything to do this evening？今晚你有事吗？I have some books for you to read.我有一些供你阅读的书。He is a pleasant person to work with.和他一起工作很愉快。He is looking for a room to live in
28、.他正在寻找一个居住的房间。Mrs Li has two children to look after.李太太要照料两个孩子。功能规则说明例 句作状语不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结果或条件。注意表示原因、结果时不可置于句首。I came here to see you.We were very excited to find nobody there.发现没有人在那儿，我们非常兴奋。(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.他匆忙赶到学校，却发现那儿没有人。(结果)To look at him,you would like him.
29、去看一下他，你会喜欢他的。(条件)作表语不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。主语、表语都是不定式，前者为条件，后者为的目的或结果。主语为duty,plan,wish,hope,idea等名词。主语为what引导的名词性从句。My job is to help the patient.我的工作就是帮助病人。To learn a language is to use it.学习一门语言的目的是使用它。My hope is to become a pop singer.我希望成为一名流行歌手。What surprised me most is to see him beaten black
30、 and blue.最使我感到惊奇的是他被打得鼻青脸肿。2.不定式的时态和语态规则说明例 句不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作或状态同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。She seems to know all.她似乎什么都知道。I saw him go out.我看到他出去了。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。I am very glad to be working with you.很高兴与你合作。Dont pretend to be workin
31、g hard.Just do what you should.不要假装努力工作。做你该做的事。规则说明例 句如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起让你久等了。She is well known to have been to many countries.大家都知道她去过很多国家。当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.他被告知派往农村工作。The car needs to b
32、e repaired before we go on a trip to Europe.我们去欧洲旅游之前，这辆车需要修理一下。语态时态主动式被动式一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been written完成进行式to have been writing否定式是在to前加not3“but不定式”的用法规则说明例 句不定式在介词but,except,beside,other than后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(而非助动词)的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。She
33、could do nothing but cry.她除了哭别无办法。I have no choice but to wait.我除了等待别无选择。I had nothing to do but watch TV.看电视外无事可做。She wanted nothing but to cry.她什么都不想做，只想哭一场。当句子的谓语动词是cant,cant help,cant choose等结构时，but，except,besides后的不定式也省略to。We cant but admire his bravery.我们只能敬佩他的勇敢。I cant but tell her the truth.
34、我不得不告诉她真相。We cant choose but wait.我们只能等待。She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我禁不住爱上了她。We couldnt help but laugh when we heard his story.听了他的故事，我们忍不住大笑起来。What could he do but forgive her？他不原谅她又能怎么办？高考直击(1)(2009四川)He told us whether_a picture was still under discussion.
35、Ato have BhavingChave Dhad解析：考查“特殊疑问词不定式”做主语的用法。whether to have a picnic做宾语从句的主语，意思是“要不要举行野餐还在讨论之中”。答案：A(2)(2009湖南)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.Areusing BreusedCreuses Dto be reused解析：本题考查动词不定式的用法。句意为：当今，人们常把垃圾加以分类从而使之更容易被回收利用。在逻辑上it与reuse之间是动宾关系，所以用动词不定式
36、的被动结构。答案：D(3)(2009全国卷)The children all turned_thefamous actress as she entered the classroom.Alooked at Bto look atCto looking at Dlook at解析：句意为“当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。”turn to 表示“转向；求助”的意思。但此处turn意为为“转身”，其后的不定式表目的。答案：B(4)(2009辽宁)_，you need to give all you have and try your best.ABeing a winner
37、 BTo be a winner CBe a winner DHaving been a winner解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据后句“你需要付出一切并尽你最大努力”可知还没有成为胜者，故排除A和D；Be a winner 祈使句，后面应接连词；to be a winner为目的状语，“为了成为一名胜者”。答案：B(5)(2010山东23)I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.A.completing B.to complete C.completed D.being completed解析：本题考查非谓语动词的使用。
38、句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。答案：B(6)(2010四 川 11)In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant _.Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with解析：考查不定式主动表被动。在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动
39、宾关系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.答案：A(7)(2010四 川 17)The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any point.Ano trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try解析：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。答案：B(8)(2010陕西19)His first bo
40、ok _ next month is based on a true story.A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。答案：B(9)(2010辽 宁 25)We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.Afinding
41、 Bto findCfind Dto be found解析：句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。答案：B(10)(2010辽宁34)Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.A.how B.whoC.what D.where解析：句意：光有主意没用。不用担心，皮特可以教你怎样把主意变为行动。考查连接词的用法。虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用，但是意义不同。how表示“怎样”，强调方
42、式。而who和what是连接代词，一般在不定式短语中作宾语，此句中动词不定式有宾语，不再需要宾语，所以排除，where则强调地点。与上一句不对应。答案：A即学即用It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.Ahad BhavingCto have Dhave答案：CI dont know whether you happen _，but Im going to study in the US.A.this September.
43、Ato be heard Bto be hearingCto hear Dto have heard答案：DThe news reporters hurried to the airport,only_ the film stars had left.Ato tell Bto be toldCtelling Dtold答案：BCan the project be finished as planned?Sure,_ it completed in time,well work two more hours a day.Ahaving got Bto getCgetting Dget答案：BIv
44、e worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects答案：BThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.Anot make Bnot to makeCnot making Ddo not make答案：BI would love_ to the party last night but I had to work extra hou
45、rs to finish a report.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone答案：BThe mother didnt know who _ for the broken glass.Ablamed Bbe blamedCto blame Dwould blame答案：CWhy have you bought so many flowers?_them to our teachers on Teachers Day.AFor presenting BTo presentCTo sell DLending答案：BI found the poems _，so I recited them in a short time.Aeasily to understand Beasily to understoodCeasy to understand Deasy to understood答案：C
