1、1attemptvt.&n.C试图；企图He made an attempt on the world record.他试图打破世界记录。知识拓展attempt to do sth.试图做某事He attempted to climb the mountain.他试图攀登那座山。make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事She made no attempt to help me.她不想帮助我。attempt doing sth.试图做某事in ones attempt to do力图；试图干注意：attempt比try稍正式，常暗含不成功的意味；atte
2、mpted adj.未遂的；意图的；an attempted murder蓄意谋杀即学即用A man is being questioned in relation to the _murder last night.AadvisedBattendedCattempted Dadmitted答案：C2promise n&v.1)n.C诺言；U希望；前途；Marys father made her a promise that she would take her to China,which is likely to come true next month.玛丽的父亲曾向她许诺要带她去中国，
3、这一诺言有可能在下个月变为现实。Mary is a scientist of promise.玛丽是一位很有希望的科学家。2)vt.(mised，mising)允许；答应有希望；预示：The weather promises a good harvest.天气预示会有好收成。It promises to be fine this afternoon.今天下午有希望晴天。They promised(us)an immediate reply.他们答应(我们)立即给予答复。知识拓展promising adj.有前途的；有希望的；有出席的make(sb.)a promise to do sth.许诺
4、做某事carry out a promise 履行诺言keep ones promise/word 遵守诺言break ones promise/word 失信；食言eat ones word(被迫)收回前言；认错道歉promise is(a due)debt欠债要清；许愿要还promise little but do much 少许愿；多做事注意：break ones word与eat ones word意义不同。高考直击(2010福建28)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs th
5、ey _ before leaving their hometowns.A.promisedB.were promisedC.have promised D.have been promised解析：考查时态。句意为：“每年大量的农民工涌入深圳，为了离开家向前许诺的挣钱的工作。”由句中arrive及before leaving their hometowns可知，该空应为现在完成时。故选C项。其余三项不符合句意的时态要求。答案：D即学即用(2008湖北)The young man made a_to his parents that he would try to earn his own l
6、iving after graduation.Aprediction BpromiseCplan Dcontribution答案：B3portrait n.C画像，肖像，人像This is the portrait of George Washington.这是乔治华盛顿的画像。助记各种“像”：词语辨析：portrait,painting,drawing,pictureShe had her portrait painted.她请人画了幅肖像。Its a watercolour painting.这是一幅水彩画。I found her in her study working on some
7、drawings.我发现她在书房里作画。May I take a picture of you?我可以给你照相吗？知识拓展名词picture 图画动词depict 描绘，描写名词portrait 肖像动词portray 刻画4realize vt.1)实现Only by working hard can we realize our hopes.只有通过努力才能实现我们的愿望。2)认识到；了解Many people have realized the importance of foreign language as a tool.很多人已经认识到外语作为一种工具使用的重要性。联想come t
8、rue 实现His ambition has been realised.(=His ambition has come true.)他的雄心得以实现。知识拓展realistic adj.现实的；现实主义的，写实主义的Jane is a very realistic person.简是一个很现实的人。This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.这本书写实地描述普通北京人的生活。高考直击(1)(2010全 国 II19)Excuse me I _ I was blocking
9、your way.Adidnt realize Bdont realizeChavent realized Dwasnt realizing解析：时态考查。结合语境，后文暗示过去时。答案：A(2)(2008浙江)_that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.ANot realized BNot to realizeCNot realizing DNot to have realized解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：埃里克因为不知道自己已经身处险境，所以他走进了密林深处。不定式一般作目的状语或结果状语，可排除；
10、此处Eric和realize之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故不用过去分词，过去分词表被动。答案：C即学即用(2009天津南开模考)She _her intention of becoming an actress.ApromisedBrealizedCpractisedDregarded答案：B1in some way 在一定程度上注意：in some ways 在某些方面In some ways,he is very clever.在某些方面，他很聪明。知识拓展all the way 一路上；自始至终by the way 顺便说一下by way of 通过方式；经由give way 让路；让步；
11、屈服in a way 在某点上；在某种程度上in no way 决不；一点也不make ones way 前往；行进under way 进行中高考直击(2007陕西)I think he is taking an active part in social work.I agree with you_.Ain a way Bon the wayCby the way Din the way解析：in a way“在某种程度上”；on the way“再路上”；by the way“顺便说一下”；in the way“挡路”。答案：A即学即用The computer has brought ab
12、out surprising technological changes _we organize and produce information.Ain a way Bin the wayCin that way Din no way答案：B2put on(或put sth.on)1)穿上；戴上He took off his uniform and put on a sweater and trousers.他脱下制服，穿上了毛衣和裤子。2)(人)增加体重；发胖Rosies put on five kilos since she gave up smoking.自从Rosie戒烟以来，她已胖
13、了5公斤。3)开灯；播放(唱片、磁带、CD)等He got up and put on the light.他起了床并把灯打开。4)上演；表现We will put on an English play next week.下周我们将演出一个英语话剧。知识拓展put back 退回；开倒车put down 扑灭；平息；记下put up 挂起；建造；搭起；举荐put up with 容忍；忍耐put away 放好；收拾好；储蓄put aside 放一边；储蓄put forth 长出；发表put forward 提出(建议)put off 推迟put into(in)force 使生效put i
14、nto power 使上台执政put through 接通电话；实现put into practice(operation)付诸实践高考直击(2010全 国 II8)My mother opened the drawer to_the knives and spoons.Aput awayBput upCput on Dput together解析：考查动词词组辨析。put away“放好，收拾起来”；put up“举起，搭建，张贴，挂起”；put on“穿上，戴上”；put together“组装，装配，把凑合起来”。答案：A即学即用(2009安徽)Just as Professor Sco
15、tti often_it,success is ninetynine percent mental attitude.AgetsBmakesCputsDmeans答案：C解析：考查了动词的搭配。as sb.puts it是一个口语短语，意为“正如某人所说”。句意为“成功是由99%的精神态度决定的”。I like pictures that show reality.我喜欢那些表现现实的绘画。that show reality是定语从句，修饰pictures。关系代词that作主语，不可省略，也可用which替代。The picture that/which was painted by the
16、 little boy is very interesting.那个小男孩画的图画很有趣。Last Sunday we went to work on the farm that/which is five kilometers away.上周日我们到五公里外的那个农场参加劳动。知识拓展高考偶尔考查that引导的定语从句。that可指人或物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语和表语。下列情况只用that，不用which：1)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及the only,the very,the same,all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。This is
17、the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?氧气是唯一助燃的气体吗？2)当先行词本身是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,few,much,something等不定代词以及先行词既有人又有物时。All that we can do is(to)wait for him to make a decision.我们能做的就是等他来作出决定。There is nothing that we can do.我们无能为力
18、。3)当主语是以who,which等开头的特殊疑问句时。Which speaker is it that makes so much noise?是哪一个扬声器弄出那么大的声音？Who is the man that hes talking with?与他谈话的那个男子是谁？即学即用The thought of going home to his family was all _kept him happy while he was working abroad.AthatBwhatCthoseDwhich答案：A1动词的ing形式和动词不定式用 法例 句英语中许多动词后面常接动词的ing形式
19、作宾语。这类动词常见的有：avoid,admit,consider,dislike,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,practise,appreciate,escape,mind,miss,delay,deny等。You should avoid making the same mistake next time.下次你应避免犯同样的错误。He is considering going abroad.他在考虑出国。Do you mind my opening the window？你介意我打开窗户吗？Why have they delayed opening the new
20、 school？他们为什么延迟成立新学校的时间？用 法例 句英语中有一些动词短语常接动词的ing形式作宾语。这类动词常见的有：insist on,object to,be good at,lead to,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,get/be used to,pay attention to,be fond of,be worth等。He is good at singing.他擅长唱歌。We are looking forward to seeing you again.我们盼望能再见到你。Whatever is worth doin
21、g at all is worth doing well.任何值得做的事就值得做好。不定式可以作一些动词如want,hope,wish,decide,promise,agree,pretend,demand,desire等的宾语，“疑问词不定式”结构还可作介词的宾语。I have decided to study engineering.我决定学工程学。How I wish to have another day off！我多么想再有一天假期啊！She promised to come at nine oclock.她答应9点来的。She gave me lots of valuable ad
22、ivce on how to lose weight.她给我提供了一些如何减肥的好建议。用 法例 句不定式作动词宾语，其后跟补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。I think it necessary to reserve air tickets.我认为预订机票是非常有必要的。I make it a rule to do shadowboxing every morning.我养成了每天早上打太极拳的习惯。begin和start后既可接动词的ing形式作宾语，也可接动词不定式作宾语，但以下情况需要用动词不定式：(1)当begin或start用于进行时时；(2)当begin或start
23、的主语是事物时；(3)当begin或start后跟的是不可用于进行时的表示心理活动或精神状态的动词(如feel,think,realize)时。The ice is beginning to melt.冰块开始融化。Soon it began to rain.很快天开始下雨了。He started to realize the importance of English.他开始意识到英语的重要性。用 法例 句在某些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词的ing形式作宾语，并且意义上差异不大。如prefer,learn,continue等。He prefers to travel on his
24、 holidays.(He prefers travelling on his holidays.)他更喜欢假日旅行。They continuted talking/to talk after the meal.饭后他们继续谈话。助记跟动名词作宾语的动词/短语：考 虑 建 议 盼 原 谅(consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon)承认推迟没得想(admit,delay/put off,fancy)避免错过继续练(avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise)否认完成停能赏(deny,finish,stop,e
25、njoy/appreciate)不 禁 介 意 准 逃 亡(cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape)不准冒险凭想象(forbid,risk,imagine)2动词的ing形式作主语用 法例 句动词的ing形式直接作主语。Reading is an art.读书是一种艺术。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.在这种条件下工作不是一种乐趣，而是一种痛苦。用it代替动词的ing形式作主语It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is a was
26、te of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。作there be no句型中的主语。There is no joking about such matters.这种事情开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.不容否认新方法大大提高了劳动生产率的事实。动词的ing形式作主语和动词不定式作主语的用法比较：区 别例 句表示一般抽象时，二者可以互换。Reading/To read
27、 good books makes us happy.读好书使我们快乐。表示具体情境下或有待于完成的动作，通常用动词不定式；表示一般的、抽象的、多次性的行为通常用动词的ing形式。Playing/To play with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。To finish reading such a long novel will take me several days.读完这么长的小说要花去我好几天时间。当it为形式主语时，二者可以互换。It is difficult to solve that problem.(It is difficult solving that p
28、roblem.)解决那一问题很难。动词的ing形式着重过程，不定式着重结果。Staying at home on Sundays is my favorite.星期天我最喜欢呆在家里。(强调过程)To stay at home on Sundays is my favourite.星期天我最喜欢呆在家里。(强调结果)高考直击(1)(2009陕 西 卷)I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A.to take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken 解析：题意：我仍然记得被带去法门寺的
29、情景以及在那里看到的一切。remember后接动名词作宾语表示已经发生的事，接不定式表示要做的事。根据题意“记得被带去过法门寺”判断应该用动名词的被动形式。答案：D(2)(2009上 海 春)_ loud music in public is against the law in the UK.APlay BHaving playedCPlaying DBeing played解析：题意：在英国，公共场合播放喧噪的音乐是违法。陈述一般事实用动名词的一般式作主语。动词play与music构成逻辑上主谓关系，故不用被动式；动词短语不能充当主语，A项错误；此处不强调动作上的先后 关系，不用完成式。答
30、案：C(3)(2009上海)Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.Ahaving held Bto holdCholding Dhold解析：题意：贝尔建议就假期为上海世博会做点什么一事开个会。suggest后接动名词作宾语，根据题意应用动名词的一般式。答案：C(4)(2009上 海)David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.Ato be reported B
31、reportingCto report Dhaving reported解析：题意：大卫威胁他的邻居说如果不赔偿损失就报警。不定式短语to report.作宾语，threaten to do sth.“威胁说做某事”。答案：C(5)(2009全 国)The children all turned_thefamous actress as she entered the classroom.Alooked at Bto look atCto looking at Dlook at解析：题意：当这位著名的女演员走进教室的时候，孩子们都转过头看着她。本题考查不定式作宾语。turn to do sth
32、.“转过头做某事”，是固定搭配。答案：B即学即用They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed_at meals.Ato talk Bto not talkCto talking Dto not talking答案：DI hear theyve promoted Tom,but he didnt mention_when we talked on the phone.Ato promote Bhaving been promotedChaving promoted Dto be promoted答案：B(2006上海)Eugenes neve
33、r willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _ with him.Ato argue BarguingCargued Dhaving argued答案：B(2007安徽)Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot taking答案：D(2007江苏)Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ here.Apeople smoking Bpeople smokeCto smoke Dsmoking答案：D
