1、类别课程目标要求掌握的项目话题About drugs词汇drug,cause,death,disease,attractive,immediately,powerful,offer,continue,share,form,allow,reduce,nearby,mean,follow,likely,describe,plan,totally,recognize,timeas a result of,more than,die from,relate to,such as,used to,break into,be afraid of,refer to,be against,as well,gi
2、ve up,instead of功能Talking about results语法1.不定式作目的状语2.结果状语从句1cigarette n.C 香烟，纸烟et(te)表示“小”He is drawing on his cigarette.他在吸烟。He lit a cigarette in order to calm his mind.他点燃一支香烟，镇定一下情绪。助记汉雪茄谐音英cigar雪茄烟生cigarette 香烟词语辨析：cigar,cigarette,tobacco2drug n.C麻醉剂；毒品；药；药物It is very dangerous to take drugs.服毒
3、品是危险的。This drug will get rid of the pain in your back.这药可以消除你的背痛。词语辨析：medicine与drugmedicine指起治疗作用的“药”，通常只指口服的药，一般不用复数形式。drug在广义上可以指任何“药剂”，但更多用来指狭义的“麻醉剂”或“毒品”。Ill give you some medicine to make you sleep better.我可以给你一点药吃，让你睡得好些。The drug is habitforming.吃这种药会上瘾的。即学即用他既不抽烟也不吸毒。_答案：He does not smoke or
4、take drugs.3cause1)vt.引起：Water pollution is caused by waste from factories and cities.水污染是由工厂和城市排放的污水造成的。2)n.C(1)原因；起因Cattle are one cause of the problem.牲畜是造成这个问题的原因之一。It did not take the firefighters long to put out the fire,and they at once started to look for causes of the fire.消防员没多久就把火扑灭了，并且立即
5、查找火灾起因。(2)事业Our teachers have devoted themselves to the education cause.我们的老师将他们的一生献给了教育事业。知识拓展cause and effect 因果external cause 外因internal cause 内因without cause 无缘无故(作状语)immediate cause 直接原因词语辨析：cause,reason,excusecause指导致某种结果的“原因”，是客观的、自然性的。reason则是指对某种行为的“解释”或“理由”。excuse“辩解；借口”，指对某种行为所作的解释，可以是真的，
6、也可以是托辞。His carelessness is the cause of the accident.他的粗心大意是这场事故的起因。I would not do this without good reason.没有合理的理由我是不会做这个的。Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由。高考直击(2010天 津 12)It rained heavily in the south，_ serious flooding in several provinces.A.causedB.having caused C.caus
7、ing D.to cause 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案：C即学即用The United Nations Organization has done a lot for the_of world peace.AreasonBcauseCundertaking Dcourse答案：B1as a result(of)因此；结果；由于的原因as a result单独使用作连接性状语，起承上启下的作
8、用，as a result of是介词短语，其中的冠词a也可用the替换，后接名词或动名词，表示“由于的原因”，作状语。He got up late this morning.As a result,he was late for school.他今天早晨起床晚了，结果他上学迟到了。As a/the result of the war,a lot of Iraqi children lost their lives.由于战争的原因，许多伊拉克儿童丧失了生命。链接：表示“由于的原因”的短语还有：because of,on account of,due to,owing to等。知识拓展meet
9、with good results 取得好结果with the result that 因此without result 白费；没有结果result from 由而产生result in 导致；造成The accident resulted in three people being killed.这起事故造成三人死亡。His illness resulted from eating bad food.他生病是由于吃了变质的食物。高考直击(2009全 国 卷)Jenny nearly missed the flight_doing too much shopping.Aas a result
10、of Bon top of Cin front of Din need of解析：本题题意：由于购物过度，珍妮差一点错过了航班。as a/the result of表示“作为的结果；因为”。答案：A即学即用(2010厦门一中质检)_his carelessness,he didnt pass the examination.AAs a result BBecauseCAs a result of DSince答案：C2more than1)more than数词，表示“超过；多于”。2)more than名词，表示“不仅是；不只是”。3)more than形容词/副词，表示“非常；十分”，与v
11、ery同义。4)more than之后接含有can的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。5)more.than.意为“与其不如；是而不是”，表示自身的比较。6)no more thanonly意为“只有，仅仅”；not more than常用于数词之前，意为“至多；不超过”，其意义相当于at(the)most。Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。In class,he is more than attentive.在课堂上，他听讲十分认真。The secret is more than w
12、e can let out.这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。(主语secret是let out的逻辑宾语)He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。Abraham Lincolns whole school education added up to no more than one year.亚伯拉罕林肯所受的全部教育总共只有一年。高考直击(2009浙江)It took _ building supplies to construct these energysaving houses.It took brains,too.Aother than
13、Bmore thanCrather than Dless than 解析：考查短语辨析。根据后句“也需要脑力。”可知要建设节能房屋不仅仅(more than)需要建筑材料。答案：B即学即用If you tell your father what youve done,he will be_angry.Amore than Bnot more thanCno more than Dless than答案：A3die fromdie from指死于外界因素，如事故、饮酒过量、过度劳累、暴食或创伤等，常接accident,wound,lack of food,overwork,carelessnes
14、s,drinking等名词(短语)作宾语。Her parents died from an earthquake.她的父母死于一场地震。知识拓展die of指死于某种疾病、年老、悲愤、饥饿，也可以表示死于身体缺少某种物质或因精神原因而死亡，后常接cold,poison,illness,old age,a disease,boredom,thirst,sorrow,disappointed love,a fever,heat等名词。The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death.那位老太太在丈夫死后不久因悲伤而死。链接：die
15、by表示死于暴力等。die off 一个个死去；顺次枯死(特指一群生物)die down(become less strong)渐息；平静下来；渐弱die away 渐息；渐弱；逐渐平息(主要指声音、风、光线)die for 为而死die out 消失；灭亡高考直击Although the wind has_，the rain remains steady.So you still need a raincoat.Aturned up Bgone backCdied down Dblown out解析：根据句意“虽然风已渐息，但雨仍在下，所以你仍需要一件雨衣”可知，C选项符合句意。答案：C即学
16、即用(2010上 海 南 江 中 学 月 考)During the war,some soldiers_wounds and others_hunger.Adied of;died of Bdied from;died ofCdied from;died away Ddied away;died from答案：B4relate to 涉及；向某人讲述；相处融洽I cant relate what he said to what he did.我不能将他所说的和做的联系起来。He related to us the story of his escape.他向我们讲述了他逃跑的经过。知识拓展1)
17、relate sth.to/with sth.把与联系起来relate to sth./sb.和有关；和相处得好；合得来；了解；理解2)related adj.相关的；有联系的be related to 和有联系；和有关；(与)有亲戚关系3)relation n.联系；交往in relation to 关于；涉及relationship n.联系；关联relative adj.&n.相关的；亲戚It is difficult to relate these results with/to any known causes.这些结果很难与任何已知的原因相关联。Children need to l
18、earn to relate to other children.孩子们应该学会与其他孩子友好相处。He related to his wife just how the accident had occurred.他对妻子讲述了事故发生的经过。The Dutch language is closely related to German.荷兰语和德语有紧密联系。即学即用The matter _ your fate cannot be taken for granted.Arelating to Brelated toCrelate to Dto relate to答案：B5such as1)
19、复合介词，引出同位语，意为“例如；诸如之类”。Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular.像米老鼠，史努比之类的动画人物仍然受到人们的喜欢。2)作“像样的”解，后接定语从句，as在从句中作关系代词。This is not such a book as I want.这不是我要的那本书。(as在从句中作宾语)She collected a great many stories such as child of four or five could understand.她收集了许多四五岁的孩子能听懂的故
20、事。(as在从句中作宾语)词语辨析：such as,that is,for example,like1)such as用来列举事物，常用在列举的事物和前面表示总称的名词之间，但是所列举的事物只是总称中的事物的一部分，不能全部都列举出来。I have learned a lot of subjects at the night school,such as computer,English,art.我在夜校学了很多门课程，如计算机、英语、艺术等。2)如果需要把前面总称中的全部事物一一列举出来，就要用that is或namely(即)。Three students were mentioned a
21、t the meeting,that is/namely John,Sarah and Sylvia.在会上提到了三名学生，他们是John,Sarah和Sylvia.3)for example是插入语，用于举例说明前面的名词，其位置可在句首、句末或句中，需用逗号与其他部分隔开。后面也可接句子，举出具体例子进一步说明和解释前面的内容或论证前面的观点。Car prices can vary a lot.For example,in Belgium the VW Golf costs$1,000 less than in Britain.汽车价格相差很远，如一部VW Golf在比利时就比在英国便宜1
22、,000美元。4)like也常用来表示列举，可与such as换用。但such as用于列举时可以分开使用，这时不与like换用。He likes fruit,like/such as apples and bananas.他喜欢(吃)水果，比如苹果和香蕉。He is interested in such things as iron,silver and gold.他对铁、银和金这一类东西感兴趣。高考直击(2008江 西 22)My English teachers humor was_make every student burst into laughter.Aso as to Bsuc
23、h as toCsuch that Dso that解析：考查so与such用法的区别。由空格后的make排除C、D；A项so as to表示目的；因此只有B项正确。such as接不定式表结果。句意为“我们英语老师的幽默是如此好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来”。答案：B即学即用(2010福 州 三 中 会 考)Several Chinese films are rising to international fame,the Brokeback Mountain,_，directed by Ang Lee has won the Oscar Awards.Asuch as Bfor exam
24、pleCnamely Dthat is答案：B1Every year,about(20/200)people are killed and(200/2,000)are seriously injured in fires caused by smoking.每年在吸烟引起的火灾中有大约(20/200)人死亡，大约(200/2000)人受重伤。.death此处作可数名词，表示某种类型的死亡或死亡的人数。Drunken driving causes thousands of deaths every year.酒后驾车每年造成成千上万人死亡。There have been more deaths
25、from drowning.溺水死亡人数有所增加。Did he die a natural death,or was he murdered?他是自然死亡还是被谋杀？知识拓展英语中有很多名词，尤其是不可数名词，加上(e)s后，意义就发生了变化。如：air 空气airs样子，神气arm 胳膊arms 武器blue 蓝色blues 抑郁，沮丧content 内容，容量contents 目录glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜look 看，表情looks 面容，容貌ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟spirit 精神spirits 情绪age 年龄ages 很长时间authority 权威authori
26、ties 当局good 好处goods 货物manner 态度，方式manners 礼貌wood 木头woods 树林work 工作works 著作；工厂mean中间，平均数means方法，手段custom 风俗，习惯customs 关税；海关.caused by smoking 过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which are caused by smoking。Everybody attended the meeting held last week.所有的人都参加了上星期举行的会议。I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from th
27、e library last week.上星期我从图书馆借了一本马克吐温写的书。注意：单个的过去分词常作前置定语，过去分词短语则常作后置定语，相当于定语从句。高考直击(1)(2007湖南)“Things_never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.Alost BlosingCto lose Dhave lost解析：lost此处为过去分词作定语。句意：“覆水难收。”我不禁向自己说。答案：A(2)(2008湖 南)The trees_in the storm have been moved off the road.Abeing blow
28、n down Bblown downCblowing down Dto blow down解析：考查过去分词作定语。blown down为过去分词修饰the trees.The trees blown down in the storm相当于The trees which were blown down in the storm。答案：B即学即用A television programme_“Kimll fix it”invitesviewers to say what they really want to do.Abeing called Bhaving calledCcalling Dc
29、alled答案：D2During the 1990s,(21 thousand/21 million)peopledied as a result of smoking cigarettes.在二十世纪九十年代，(21,000/21,000,000)人死于吸烟。during the 1990s在20世纪90年代表示“在世纪几十年代”时，常在阿拉伯数字后加s或s。如“20世纪50年代”应写成the 1950s或the 1950s，均读作the nineteen fifties，指的是19501959这十年间。知识拓展可数名词有复数形式，数词也有复数形式。数词的复数形式主要用于以下几种情况：1)表
30、示几十岁时用基数词几十的复数形式。如表示“某人二十多岁”时，要用in ones twenties，表示“在某人三十多岁时”要用in ones thirties，以此类推。但表示“在某人十几岁时”时要用in ones teens，而不是in ones tens。2)表示几十年代时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或s。3)表 示 不 确 切 数 目 时，要 在 hundred,thousand,million,billion后加s并和of连用，表示“成百/成千上万”等意思，但这些词前不可加基数词，可以加some,several等表示不确定数目的修饰语。(1)some hundreds of students 数以百计的学生(2)several thousands of visitors 数千名游客(3)millions of books 数百万册书(4)tens of people 几十人即学即用(2007浙江)It is reported that the floods have left about_people homeless.Atwo thousand Btwo thousandCtwo thousands Dtwo thousands of答案：A
