1、Grammar-1.Observation(3m)1.We are making progress but we need to make greater efforts.2.In a developed country,people have nice clothes to wear,however,in a poor country,people have few clothes.表示转折关系的并列句，常由连词but，yet，whilehowever,nevertheless等连词连接。常译为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等。Grammar-2.Observation(3m)1.Althou
2、gh developed countries give some financial help,they need to give much more.2.Norway is at the top of the list,while the United States is at number 7.由although 引导的让步状语从句，可译为“虽然”。常用于句首，且不与but连用。由while 引导的并列句，表示对比。可译为“然而”，常用于句中。、but和however两者都可以意为“但是、然而”，但是两者的用法不同。However既可以放在句首也可以放在句中，并且后面一般要有逗号，but常
3、用于句中，不加逗号。、while与but两者都有“然而、而”的意思。While强调二着的对比，而but强调转折。、while与although都用来表示两者对比，但while是并列连词，引导并列句。而although为从属连词，引导让步状语从句。一.连词：but,however,although,whileBut 1.连接两个并列分句Honey is sweet,but the bee stings.I ought to have helped her,but I ever could.2.连接两个并列成分They see the trees but not the forest.He no
4、longer felt disappointed,buthappy and hopeful.3后接状语He tried to save it,but in vain.He glanced about,but seeing only the empty room.However1.多插在句子中间1)His first response was to say no.Later,however,he changed his mind.2)Toms are poor this month.however,there be an increase before christmas.2.有时也放在句首或句
5、尾Ill offer it to Tom.However,he may not want it.You know all this as well as I do,however.although常用来引导让步状语从句,与though同义Although it was barely four oclock,the lights were already on.He said they were married,although Im sure they arent.Hes very lovable although not at all tidy.While常用来引导状语从句，表示对比、让步、
6、时间等。Some countries are rich,while others are extremely poor.While Toms very good at science,his brother is absolutely hopeless.While they are my neighbors,I dontknow them well.While they are my neighbors,I dont know them well.While we dont agree we continue to be friends.Strike while the iron is hot
7、.1.John saves his money,_ George spends all he gets.A.whether B.as C.though D.while2.Id love to come _ I cant make it till 8 oclock.A.so B.but C.however D.while 3._ Im writing this,you can be doing something else.A.Before B.After C.Until D.While4._times were changed,Bursley was still Bursley.A.Wheth
8、er B.Though C.Whenever D.however5.The south of the country grows richer,_the north grows poorer.A.WhileB.Neither C.If D.although6._he is very old,he is healthy.A.As B.HoweverC.ThoughD.Whereas7.Britain is not mountainous,_Italy is.A.however B.whileC.althoughD.unless8.He was feeling bad.He went to wor
9、k,_,and tries to concentrate.A.however B.soC.although D.while9.He promised to help me._,he is busy and hasnt come.A.While B.AlthoughC.However D.Whether10.Shes been learning Italian for six years,_ she doesnt speak it very well.A.for B.so C.but D.as11.They wanted to charge$5000 for the car,_ we manag
10、ed to bring the price down.A.but B.so C.when D.since12.Somebody wants you on the telephone._no one knows Im here.A.For B.And C.But D.So13.Victor certainly cares too much about himself.Yes.Hes never interested in what _ is doing.A.no one else B.anyone else C.someone else D.nobody else14.In the dark f
11、orests _,some large enough to hold several English towns.A.stand many lakesB.lie many lakesC.many lakes lieD.many lakes stand15.I do very single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as16.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writin
12、g skills.A.for me taking B.me takingC.for me to take D.me to take17.Mr.Hall understands that _ maths has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.A.unless B.since C.although D.when18.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise._,our minds are developed by learning.A.ProbablyB.Like
13、ly C.SimilarlyD.Generally 19.These football players had no strict _ until they joined our club.A.practice B.education C.exercise D.training20.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met 21._she is young,she knows quite a lot.A.When B.However C.A
14、lthough D.Unless22.The horse is getting old and cant run _it did.A.as faster as B.so fast than C.so faster as D.as fast as当从句由after,before,when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。He _(try)to drive back to his home before the flood _(pass)through the villagetriedpassed动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成，且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。
15、句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。1.After the earthquake,they discovered that several people _2.When the hurricane ended,several buildings in the town _had been killed/had died.had been destroyed/had fallen down 1.After the hurricane,Mary _(see)that the roof of her house _ (disappear).2.She _(return)
16、home and _(find)all her furniture _ (ruin)by the flood.3.Arthur was surprised when he _(arrive)home because the tornado _ (take)the feathers off his chickens.sawhad disappearedreturnedfoundhad been ruinedarrivedhad takenChoose the correct tense and voice 4.His village _ in the heavy rain,so he moved
17、 to his parents house.5.When she woke up,she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm.6.Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _had been flooded/had been destroyedhad been destroyedhad died/had been killed完全倒装:将全部谓语置于主语之前Here comes the bus.部分倒装:将部分谓语(情态动词、助动词等)放在主语前面，谓语动词仍位于词之后。Never have
18、I been here before.1)表示地点的介词短语放于句首，且主语为名词时,全部倒装。At the foot of the hill lies a temple.Under the table came a frightening sound.2)当句首为in,out,up,down,off,away 等副词,且主语为名词时,全部倒装。以here,there,now,then开头的句子当主语是普通名词时，完全倒装；当主语是代词时无需倒装。Here comes the postman!Here comes the bus.Here we are.Here he comes.In cam
19、e the teacher and the class began.(1)Only when you have finished your homework _ go home.A.can you B.would you C.you will D.you canExercises:以only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时需要部分倒装。Only in my house do they feel at home.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can you work out the problem.(2
20、)Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.A.would I make B.did I make C.I did make D.shall I make Never shall I forget it.Seldom does he go out.Seldom has he met us lately.Little do they know about it.以never,seldom,hardly,neither,nor,little,rarely,scarcelywhen,no more,no sooner
21、than等否定词开头的句子,部分倒装。(3)Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it.A.the teacher himself is；all his students are B.the teacher himself is；are all his studentsC.is the teacher himself；are all his students D.is the teacher himself；all his students are Not only did we los
22、e all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.Not only is he a scientist,but he isalso a boxer.Not only but also 句型中not only句倒装；but also句无需倒装(4)Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A.didnt realize B.did I realize C.I didnt realize D.I realizedI didnt realize how much t
23、ime I had wasted until I began to work.Not until I began to work did I realizehow much time I had wasted.“Im still working because there is a lot to do.”he said.He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do.waswaspresent simple becomes past simpleWhat are the tense changes in indir
24、ect speech?He said,“Eleven thousand people live here and six thousand left last week.”He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left a week before.直接引语和间接引语 present simple becomes past simple;past simple becomes past perfect;time phraseWhat are the tense changes in indirec
25、t Speech?“Does this mean that the danger is over?”he asked.He asked if this meant that the danger wasover.ifmeantwaspresent simple becomes past simple;if He often says,“China is great.”He often says(that)China is great.“I dont want to play football.”he said.He said(that)he didnt want to play footbal
26、l.1.陈述句变为间接引语,要用that引导从句,口语中常可省略 He says,“Is Tom an Englishman?”He asked whether/if Tom was an Englishman.He asked me“Do you want to go?”He asked me if/whether I wanted to go.2.一般疑问句变成间接引语,要由连词if/whether引导,并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。He said,“Where is she going?”He asked where she was going.He asked me“what d
27、id you do?”He asked me what I had done.3.特殊疑问句变为间接引语,引导词仍用特殊疑问词,但疑问语序要变为陈述语序.“Tom,”he said to him,“come here,please.”He asked Tom to go there.Father said to me,“Dont do that.”Father told me not to do that.4.祈使句变为间接引语时,用ask/tell/order sb.to/not to do sth.连接。solidation1.He is very young,_ he knows a l
28、ot about computer.A.and B.however C.but D.while2.Excuse me for breaking in,_ I have some news for you.A.so B.and C.but D.yetCC3.Some people waste a lot of food _ others havent enough to eat.A.however B.when C.as D.while4._ he had to write a history paper._ he couldnt find time to do it.A.Although;bu
29、t B.Although;/C.Even thought;/D.Even if;/DB5.I dont mind picking up your things from the store._ the walk will do me good.(04 全国)A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides6._ you call me to say yourre not coming,Ill see you at the theatre.(04 全国)A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless7.I do every sin
30、gle bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dished now and then.(04 全国)A.since B.while C.when D.asDDB8.Paul has to write a history paper,_ he couldnt find time to do.(04 全国)A.but B.so C.because D.ifBA9.You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.(04 湖北)A.however B.no
31、 matter C.although D.whatever10.Mr.Hall understands that _ maths has always been easy for him,it is not easy for the students.(03 安徽)A.unless B.since C.although D.whenexx11._ you call me to say youre not coming,Ill see you at the theatre.A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless12.I do every single bit of
32、 housework_ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A.since B.while C.when D.as DB.13.Paul had to write a history paper,_ he couldnt find time to do it.A.but B.so C.because D.if14.You should try to get a good nights sleep_ much work you have to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
33、AA1.At last we reached a lonely village,_ a beautiful river.A.in front of it lay B.in front of which layC.in front of it laid D.in front of lied 2.With everything she needed _,she hurried home.A.to buy B.buying C.bought D.buy3.Attention must be paid to _ science and technology.A.develop B.developing
34、 C.development D.developed4.Luckily,the bullet narrowly misssed the captain _ an inch.A.by B.for C.of D.with5.He slipped and had a leg broken._,he will have to be away from school for two or three months.A.In any case B.After allC.In this way D.As a result6.Lily has made _ this term that all her tea
35、chers are pleased.A.such a great progressB.such great progressC.a such great progressD.so great progress7.Quite a few people used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken.A.was sure of strikingB.was sure of having struckC.was sure to be struckD.was sure to strike8.Great efforts have been _t
36、o improve peoples living conditions in China in the past two years.A.got B.won C.made D.did 9.I quite understand your opinion,but that doesnt mean I_ it.A.agree B.agree to C.agree with D.agree on A.is expected B.expectsC.expected D.is expecting 9.According to the art dealer,the painting _ to go for
37、at least a million dollars.be expected to do 预计，有望10.The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.A.was expected;heardB.had expected;hearC.had hoped;hearD.was hoped;heardLanguage points1.147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015a
38、gree to do sth1.agree with2.agree to3.agree onD.与一致;气候、事物、口味适合某人A.就达成一致意见B.同意的意见/观点C.同意计划/安排你做的与你说的不一致。What you did didnt agree with what you said.这里的气候不适合我。The climate here doesnt agree with me.I think its a bad idea._.我再同意不过了。I couldnt agree more2.From this agreement came the Human Development Rep
39、ort.3.measure cn.措施 v.测量，衡量We need stronger measures to improve peoples living standard.measure sb for sth 给某人量体裁衣measure sth by sth 用衡量1.She is being measured for her wedding dresses.2.Education shouldnt be measured purely by the examination results.4.life expectancyexpect vt.期望，盼望expect to doexpec
40、t sb/sth to doexpect thatThe soldiers expect(that)the attack will come soon.The rent was much more than we had expect to pay.It is not fair to expect me to do all the housework.5.position n.位置，方位;处境，状况;地位，身份，职位The machine can figure out the position of the sun in the sky.The financial position of ou
41、r company is becoming worse and worse.The position of women in the society today is much higher.6.make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11.make sure of/about thatbe sure to do up to(数量或水平)可达，达到Children are forced to work up to19 hours a day in the factories.Dinosaurs were up to
42、 27 meters long.7.fight v.fought 作战,打仗,打架,斗争fight+n/pronHe fought cancer and lived to be 80.fight against They are fighting against the enemy.fight with 和作战，与并肩作战In such terrible situation,who would like to fight with us.fight for 为(事业、自由、权力)而斗争They are fighting for freedom.8.example cn.例子，榜样example
43、 of 方面的例子He gave several examples of the ways to solve this problem.set an example 树立一个榜样She arrived at the office early to set an example to the others.be an example to sb 是某人学习的榜样He is an example to all of us.9.The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater effo
44、rts.effortc/u n.努力；艰难的尝试make an effort to do 尽力make every effort 尽一切努力make great efforts 做出很大的努力spare no effort 不遗余力注意：way作“方法”解时，后面的定语从句通常有三种形式。如：I dont like the way he speaks.I dont like the way that he speaks.I dont like the way in which he speaks.10.Make sure that all children have education up
45、to the age of 11确保所有十一岁以下儿童接受教育。make sure 意为“确保；安排妥；务必；确定；查明；弄明白。其后可接of/about短语或宾语从句。Sure形容词，“确信的，有把握的”常用于下面句型中：sb.be sure of/about 对。有把握 sb.be sure to do sth.肯定会。你对这件事有把握吗？Are you sure of/about it?11.but that we need to make greater efforts但是我们必须付出更大的努力。Need 可用作实义动词，意为“需要，必要”，后面可接名词，动名词或动词不定式等宾语。如：
46、我需要一本词典，因此我要去一趟书店。I need a dictionary,so I need to go to the bookstore.注意：1）need doing 表示被动的意义，相当于need to be done.如：How often does your hair need washing(need to be washed)?辨析。活用Neednt do/neednt have done两者都表示“不必做。”。但前者表示现在或将来不用做；而后者表示过去（本来）不必做（而事实上已经做了）。如：You neednt carry the desks out of the classroom when you clean the classroom.You neednt have bought such a big TV as it takes too much room.
