1、Grammar Grammar The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时:基本用法现在完成时表结果,他的动作发生在过去,但是对现在有影响,而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个时间,一个是过去,另一个是现在。Lead ine.g.我从1975年起就学英语。I have studied English since 1975.自12世纪以来,中国就使用彩色印刷了。They have done color printing in China since the 12th century.Present Perfect Continuous Tense现在完成进行时
2、:基本用法1)强调时间的持续性。如：电话响了差不多一分钟,为什么没人接?The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute.Why doesnt someone answer it?2)表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作。如：最近天气变化无常,我时常感冒。The weather has been changeable lately;Ive been having a lot of colds.3)有感情色彩。如：今天真是一个多事之日。Too much has been happening today.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比
3、较:A.未完结性Ive cleaned the windows.我把窗户擦干净了。Ive been cleaning the windows.我擦窗户来着。(可能窗户尚未擦完)B.短暂性现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表示延续至今的状态,但完成进行是常表示短暂性。A.They have lived in New York.B.They have been living in New York.句A具有长期性,而句B具有短暂性。C.刚完结性与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时有时可以表示刚刚完结的动作。有时它是现在事件的直接原因,或者是得出结论的证据。如:我的手很脏,我在油汽车来着。My hands
4、 are dirty.Ive been paintingthe car.你的眼睛又红又肿,你是不是哭来着？Your eyes are red and puffy.Haveyou been crying?D.连续性或重复性现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：Jim have been phoning Jenny every night for the several month.All these days he has been writingarticles to our magazine.结论:现在完成进行时主要用于表示A.过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作。B.过去开
5、始,现在刚刚停止的动作。C.现在看到其直接结果的动作。现在完成时主要用于表示已经完成的动作及其与现在的关系。In pairs,take turns to read the statement and turn it into a question using the present perfect continuous tense.The words in brackets may help you.(P41)e.g.S1:Mrs Smith learned to drive three years ago.(how long)S2:How long have you been driving
6、,Mrs Smith?1.Sam has just finished learning to fly an airplane on a six-month course.(how long)How long have you been learning to fly an airplane,Sam?2.He swam till he felt very tired.He has just stepped out of the swimming pool.(how long)How long have you been swimming?3.Sally and Zhou Xin have bee
7、n busy all day.(what)What have you been doing,Sally andZhou Xin?4.They have argued with each other for years about the best way to grow potatoes.(what)What have you been arguing about for years?5.Jiao Yang uses a particular kind of washing powder and his clothes have always been clean and soft.(what
8、)Jiao Yang,what kind of washing powder have you been using that makes your clothes so clean and soft?XP:What have you been doing?PR:XP:Where did you go for your holiday?PR:Ive been out of the country for several months resting between films.To the Maldives.They are a beautiful set of small islands w
9、here one can swim,dive,observe the fish and examine the coral reefs.Ex.3(P41)XP:I see.So what arrangements haveyou made for your next films?PR:XP:What is your next film about?PR:Ive planned one for this spring and another for the autumn.Its a love story with Julia Roberts,sailing in a boat and searc
10、hing for treasure.XP:That sounds good.When and where will you film it?PR:XP:Im sure your fans will love that.Why have you been so private?PR:Itll be filmed in Hawaii and well begin in March.Im fed up with all the attention.Ithas also been difficult for my wife.XP:That is understood.Thank you so much
11、 for your time.PR:My pleasure.So now and then we plan a little time away by ourselves.Oh,Ive got to go now.Sorry!Consolidation1.Hi,Tracy,you look tired.Im tired.I _ in the living room all day.A.painted B.had paintedC.have been painting D.have painted 2.There is so much snow these days,isnt there?Yes
12、,it _ for a few days.A.was snowing B.has been snowing C.had been snowing D.snowed3.Although these scientists _ on the project for nearly four years,I dont know how long it will last.A.have been working B.had worked C.were working D.are working 4.Now that she is out of job,Lucy _ going back to school
13、,but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider5.The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _ in the mud all morning.A.has played B.is playing C.has been playing D.was playing 6.I _ my work by the time the teacher _ back.A.was finished
14、.,came B.shall have finished.,comes C.had finished.,comes D.have finished.,will come7.I _ to see the film last week because I _ it twice.A.didnt go.had seen B.dont go.have seen C.hadnt go.had seen D.didnt go.have seen 9.Ill phone you if she _ this evening.In fact she didnt tell me if she_.A.would co
15、me.,will come B.will come.,came C.comes.,would come D.come.,came8.Who do you guess _ where I _ just now?A.lie.,lay B.is lying.,lay C.lies.,lain D.lied.,laid10.I _ into the bus when I _ a girl call my name.A.had hardly got.,hear B.had hardly got.,heard C.was no sooner setting.,heard D.did hardly get.
16、,had heard 1.A:-I am sorry I _(keep)you waiting so long.B:-It is all right.I _(read)the newspapers.2.The CCTV _(broadcast)English programmers ever since 1977.用现在完成时和完成进行填空:have kepthave been readinghas been broadcasting3.You _(feel)better when you _(take)the medicine.4.She said we _(may keep)the boo
17、k as long as we _(like).5.Please wake me up if I _ still _(sleep)when you _(come).6.My sister _(learn)English since she _(be)a child.She _(speak)English fluently now.will feelhave takenmight keeplikedamsleepingcomehas been learningwasspeaks 7.My uncle _(come)to see us.He _(arrive)here a few days ago
18、.I _(start)for Sydney tomorrow morning.8.He _(break)his glasses when he _(play)in a football match.has comearrivedwill startbrokewas playing 1.Learn useful words and expressions by heart and practice them.2.Finish Ex.1 and 2 on pages 40,79 and 80.Homework1.Davidson Black was a Canadian doctor who he
19、lped develop the _ that led to the discovery of the bones in the Zhoukoudian Caves,near Beijing.He was a specialist in the study of bones and found it challenging to search for and _ bones oftechniquesidentifyLearning about Language(P40)early peoples.As his university was _ of the significance of hi
20、s work,they give him _ free time to do this research.But later they felt his behavior was not _.When he should have been teaching,he was often away.As a result,they forbade him to travel there anymore.So it was his awareamplereasonableassistant,Pei Wenzhong,who made the discovery of these _ bones an
21、d _ stone tools.Somehow he cycled thirty _ from the site to show them to Dr Black.The scientist _ that this discovery would change the way people thought about early people in China.He knew that hisprimitivesharpenedmilesassumedsuccess was almost _ due to his assistants systematic hard work.entirely
22、1)Dr Davidson _ MrPei because of his talent and hard work.2)Every mother has the right to live with her child,_ her social position.regardless of in spite of think of think highly/little ofthought highly of2.Fill in the blanks,using the phrases containing of below:regardless of3._ the strong wind,th
23、e mother bird flew off to find food.4.She frequently _ Sophie,the child she lost during the war.5.The boss _ Sallys suggestion.As a result,his company lost3,000,000 that year.In spite ofthinks ofthought little ofarchaeology reasonable formal systematic applaud primitive technique regardless excavati
24、on assumeUsing Words and Expressions(P79-80)1.I am learning to be an archaeologist.I know the study of _ is very _.First you have to learn the _ of removing the earth carefully so that you dont spoil any finds.We were given _ lessons in a group on the right and wrong way to remove earth.I hadarchaeo
25、logysystematictechniqueformal_ that thiswould be easy but it was more complicated than it looked.Last summer I went on my first _.We were digging a Roman house in the middle of a former Roman town.We discovered some very important _ tools in this house.They wereassumedexcavationprimitive like the to
26、ols we use today.I suppose it is _ to say that our tools developed from theirs.We worked every day _ of the weather.Even when it rained,we sorted and cleaned the finds.When we finished working there a month later,we were _ for our commitment to find out more about the past.reasonableregardlessapplau
27、ded 1)When I _ to that special day,I am filled with excitement and wonder.2)I had to _ my studies now and then,but in the end I completed my course and gained my degree.tentative relieve ample interrupt affection look ahead2.look aheadinterrupt3.There were _ opportunities for me to meet the pop group because they lived in our apartment block.4.She felt very _ as she drove her car for the first time on the road.5.Marys _ for her grandparents is obvious.ampletentativeaffection 6.Sam felt _ when the doctors arrived because the accident was such a serious one.relieved
