1、不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing/完成进行式 to have been doing/当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1作主语：It is an honour
2、for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。3构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语：Are you going to t
3、he meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.(宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited t
4、o the party.（复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages.（复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.（定语）三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在there be结构中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)There is no time to lose(to be lost).三、不定式的主动形式表示被动2在“npron+be+adj+to do”
5、结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3.在“tooto do;enoughto”结构中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out(to be worked out)The house is big enough to l
6、ive in.4在“with+n+to do”结构中。例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema5当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：I have a letter to type today(I是to type的逻辑主语)Do you have anything to say?(you是to say的逻辑主语)6当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。例如：This is the best book to read(=for usyou to read
7、)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。例如：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish
8、on time.1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seenExerciseB2.I hurried to the meeting hall,only_ that the meeting had been put off.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.toldB3.Do let your mother know all t
9、he truth,she appears_ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been toldD4.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.takingA5.It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products.A.make;usi
10、ng B.making;using C.making;use D.make;useA6.With a lot of problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settledC7.He_ and was made to repeat it.A.didnt understand B.didnt be understood C.wasnt understand D.wasnt understoodD8.The pupils here_ all
11、 kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A.kept busy doing B.keep on doing C.have kept busy doing D.have been kept busy doingD9.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requestedD10.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is servi
12、ng B.is served C.serves D.servedB1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult.(MET99)2.A.not make B.not to make 3.C.not making D.do not make 不定式与高考题2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.(MET2000)A.Expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.exp
13、ects3.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(MET2001)A.to see B.seen C.seeing D.to be seen 4.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.(MET2003)A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too hea
14、vy much5._late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.(2001年北京春季高考)A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled7.She will tell us why she feels so s
15、trongly that each of us has a role _in making the earth a better place to live.(2003上海春季高考)A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing8.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made
