1、Period ThreeGrammar & Writing.动词ing形式的完成式作状语1动词ing形式的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前。若动词的ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having done；若是动宾关系，则用having been done。动词ing形式的完成式在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、让步等。Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.在乡下工作了三年之后，他学会了如何种菜。(时间状语)2否定形式为not having d
2、one/not having been doneNot having studied his lessons very hard，he failed the examination.因为没有努力学习，所以他考试不及格。3动词ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别：动词ing形式的一般式所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示的动作往往同时发生，而完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Turning to the right at the crossing，you will see the post office right in front of you.在十字路口向右拐，你会发现邮局就在你前面
3、。Having finished his homework，he went out to play.做完作业后，他就出去玩了。4过去分词和动词ing形式的完成被动式的区别：过去分词表示完成、被动意义，着重状态；动词ing形式的完成被动式侧重动作。表达意义不明显时，常优先使用比较简洁的过去分词。He walked along the street，lost in thought. 他漫步街头，沉浸在思索中。Having been seriously injured in the accident，he had to be taken to the hospital immediately.由于在
4、事故中严重受伤，他需要立刻被送到医院。即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空(1)Having failed(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.(2)Having been written(write) in haste，the essay was not worth reading.(3)The first book written(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.后接ing或带to的不定
5、式的动词1下列动词只能跟动词的ing形式作宾语：admit，appreciate，delay，enjoy，excuse，finish，imagine，resist，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest等。He enjoys listening to light music.他喜欢听轻音乐。 John admitted breaking the glass window.约翰承认打碎了玻璃窗。2下列动词只能跟不定式作宾语：agree，ask，manage，choose，decide，demand，expect，hope，long，arrange，offer，p
6、lan，pretend，promise，refuse，wish等。Ive decided to work harder.我已决定更加努力地工作。3有些动词，如begin，start，continue，prefer等，其后接动名词或不定式意义没有区别，或者区别不大。He began learning/to learn English at the age of ten. 他10岁时开始学英语。4在demand，deserve，need，require，want等动词后面的v.ing用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动语态。My shirt needs ironing.(My shirt n
7、eeds to be ironed.) 我的衬衫该熨了。Your car urgently required seeing to.(Your car urgently required to be seen to.)你的车急需修理。5下列动词词组常要用动词的ing形式作宾语：look forward to, lead to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, be busy(in)等。He objected to accepting our suggestion.
8、他拒绝接受我们的建议。My father gave up smoking ten years ago. 我父亲十年前就戒烟了。6有些动词后接v.ing形式和不定式在意思上有很大区别。forget remember regret stop try mean go on cant help I regret to tell you that all the tickets have been sold out.我遗憾地告诉你，所有的票都卖光了。Mary regretted telling lies to her mother. 玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。They couldnt help jumpin
9、g up at the news. 听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。Sorry，I cant help to clean the room for you.I must go at once.对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了，我必须马上走。7在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth./sb.to do sth.等。We dont allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。We dont allow student
10、s to smoke.我们不允许学生吸烟。即时跟踪2用所给动词的正确形式填空(1)Dont pretend to know(know) what you dont know.(2)While shopping，people sometimes cant help being persuaded(persuade)into buying something they dont really want.(3)You were brave enough to raise the objections at the meeting.Well，now I regret doing/having done
11、(do) that.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Having worked(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津)2After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to thank(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.(2015陕西)3Keep holding(hold) your position for a w
12、hile.(2014辽宁)4I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused to stop(stop) until we reached the next stop.(2014新课标全国)5Having spent(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014福建)6Its quite hot today.Do you feel li
13、ke going(go) for a swim？(2014陕西)7When it comes to speaking(speak) in public，no one can match him.(2014江西)8Young people may risk going(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.(2013上海)9I got to the office earlier that day，having caught(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.(2013新课标全国
14、)10I remembered to lock(lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012安徽，24).单句改错(每小题只有1处错误)1Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川，短文改错)singsinging2I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江，短文改错)sitsitting3My favorite
15、picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015陕西，短文改错)enjoyenjoying4Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015四川，短文改错)want后加to5He isnt good at talk but he gets on well
16、with other people.(2013大纲全国，短文改错)talktalking文体指导关于友谊以及如何交友的文章，在体裁上多属于记叙文。记叙文用于叙述过去发生的事件或经历，以写人、叙事为主要内容。它可以包括“历史、游记、报道、回忆、故事、琐事”等。1以写人为主的记叙文，应注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及细节描写；写作时，根据题目需要灵活掌握，突出重点。叙述中讲究一定的写作顺序。记叙文常见的写作顺序是以事件发生的时间先后为顺序，也可根据文章需要采用倒叙或者插叙。有时候，按文章顺序列出写作要点(主要用名词和动词及短语)更有助于构建文章框架，避免遗漏要点。2人称和时态的选用对
17、记叙文非常重要。记叙文一般都记叙过去发生的事情，因而短文所使用的时态通常是与过去相关的时态，当然，也可根据具体的情况使用其他的时态。3在人称使用上，以第一人称为主来描述本人所经历或耳闻目睹的事件能让人身临其境，使文章更加生动、形象。写作注意事项：1交代背景文章的开头应概括地介绍事件发生的时间、地点、相关人物以及事件等。2详略得当过多不必要的细节会冲淡文章的主题。因此，在细节的选择上应注意选择与主题密切相关的内容，从而点明文章中心。3条理清晰记叙文一般按照时间顺序或空间顺序来描述，要求层次清晰、条理清楚。常用句式1有关朋友间的友谊的词汇：get to know sb.，know sb.reall
18、y well，make friends with sb.，a strong personality，personal matters，friendship，friendly，a close friend，trust each other，precious，worthy，understanding，share.with sb.，be loyal to.，keep in touch with sb.，keep company with sb.，stay best friends with sb.2此话题常用的句型：(1)Friends give us.(2)A good friend is som
19、eone we can.(3)The first time I met.，he/she was.(4)Friendship plays an important part in.(5)You can.to be a good friend.(6)We can turn to.when we feel down.(7).makes a good friend.(8)A friend in need is a friend indeed.(9).is one of the things people value most in a friend.(10).have a friend of.year
20、s with sb.写作任务 请根据下述内容，以“How Wang Fang and I Became Good Friends”为题目，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。1王芳和我成为好朋友已经三年了，她性格活泼、心地善良、乐于助人，学习也非常好；2我永远忘不了我们第一次见面时的情景；3她对我很好，但在学习上对我要求很严格；4尽管我们有时吵架，但很快就和解了。她永远是我的好朋友。审题谋篇第一步明确要求由所给内容提要可知，本文要求以第一人称描写人物关系并叙述过去发生的事情，时态上应以一般过去时态为主，并按时间顺序来描述是如何成为好朋友的。第二步确定段落Para.1介绍我的好朋友王芳。Para.2
21、描述我们第一次见面的情形。Para.3她对我在学习上的严格要求。Para.4总结全文。第三步词汇热身1准备好做；乐意做be ready to do.2而且；更重要的是whats more3擅长be good at4一见就；乍一看at first sight5对要求严格be strict in6弥补；和好make up第四步句式升级1她性格活泼，这使得她深受每个人的欢迎。(一般表达)She is lively and everyone likes her.(句式升级1)She has a lively personality，which makes her popular with everyo
22、ne.(定语从句)(句式升级2)Having a lively personality，she is popular with everyone.(v.ing形式作状语)2她善良并且乐于助人。除此之外，她的功课也很好。(一般表达)She is kind and always helps others.Besides，her lessons are very good.(句式升级1)She is kind and always ready to help others.Whats more，she is good at her lessons.(高级词汇替换)(句式升级2)She is kind
23、 and always willing to help others.In addition，she does well in her lessons.(高级词汇替换)3第一次见到她，我就喜欢她。(一般表达)When I saw her for the first time，I liked her.(句式升级1)The first time/The moment I saw her，I liked her.(时间名词作连词)(句式升级2)On seeing her，I liked her.(onv.ing)(句式升级3)I liked her at first sight.(高级词语替换)连句
24、成篇How Wang Fang and I Became Good FriendsWang Fang and I have been good friends for three years.She has a lively personality，which makes her popular with everyone.She is kind and always ready to help others.Whats more, she is good at her lessons.Never shall I forget the day when she came to our clas
25、s.On that day, when she was led into our classroom, I found she was a beautiful girl with a big smile on her face.I liked her at first sight.And fortunately，she became my deskmate.Naturally，we became good friends later.Shes kind to me，but she is very strict in my study.One day，while we were having a
26、 maths test，I couldnt work out some of the problems.So I asked her to allow me to copy her answers.But she refused firmly.After class, she helped me work out the problems.Although we quarrel sometimes，we make up soon.I think we will be good friends forever.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Having read(read) the chapter
27、four times，I finally understood the authors theory.2David threatened to report(report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.3She suggested spending(spend) another week in the country.4Have you forgotten borrowing(borrow) a ruler from Tom？Please remember to return(return) it to hi
28、m tomorrow.5I didnt mean to eat(eat) anything，but those apples looked so good that I couldnt resist trying(try) one.完成句子6Though having lived abroad for years(在国外生活了许多年)，many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.7Not having tried his best(由于没有尽最大的努力)，he failed in the exam.8I reminded you not
29、 to forget(不要忘记) that appointment.9The car needs repairing/to be repaired(修理)10After finishing his homework，he went on to chat(继续聊天) with his classmates on the Internet last night.阅读理解AI was driving home the other day on a sunny afternoon.I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the
30、radio.It was a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness.My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs.Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet another story of a rich famous man who had broken the law.I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light.As I
31、 pulled to a stop I noticed four leatherjacketed bikers.They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light.They looked rough and dangerous, but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands.I rolled down my window as one approached my car.“
32、We are the Brothers of the Wheel”， he said.“We are collecting money for a Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.” As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and tattoos(文身) and into his eyes.They shined with a goodness and kindness that came right from his soul.I dropped the mone
33、y in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off.My good mood had returned.My faith in mankind had been bolstered.And I had to remember again never to judge people by their appearance.Our society often judges books by their covers but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls.Per
34、haps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes.Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.11The writers good mood ended when .Ahe heard news between songsBhe had to stop at a red traffic lightChe heard a rich man broke the lawDhe saw four
35、leatherjacketed kids in need答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs.”可知作者好心情的结束发生在歌曲之间插播新闻期间。故答案为A。12What are the four bikers doing at the traffic light?AHaving a bicycle race in the street.BSelling helmets to the passersby.CRaising mon
36、ey to help kids in need.DPreparing for Christmas holidays.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“We are collecting money for a Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.”可知这四位身穿皮夹克衫的自行车手在为需要帮助的孩子们募捐。故答案为C。13The writer intends to tell us that we should .Ahave faith in young peopleBjudge others by their actionsCchange our
37、attitude to societyDmanage to help others in need答案B解析作者意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.”可知不能以貌取人。BOne of the most important things in the world is friendship.In order to have friends，you have to be a friend.But how can you be a good fr
38、iend at school?ListenListen when they are talking.Dont say anything unless they ask you a question.Sometimes its not necessary for you to have anything to say；they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.Help themIf your friend is ever in need of something，be there to help them.You should
39、try to put them first，but make sure you dont do everything they want you to do.Try to take an extra(额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case(以防) they forget one.Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.Be there for themTry to make something for your frie
40、nd to help make them feel better in hard times.Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend.Marilyn Monroe，a famous US.actor，once said，“I often make mistakes.Sometimes I am out of control.But if you cant stay with me at my worst，you are sure not to deserve(值得
41、) to be with me at my best.”Always remember this！If you dont want to stay with your friends when theyre in hard times，then you dont deserve to be with them when theyre having a good time! Try to make plans with your friends.Go shopping，go for ice cream，have a party，go to a movie and so on.Take time
42、to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy.By planning things together，you both can have a good time.And youll remember these things when youre all old!14While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings，you should .Agive him or her some adviceBjust listen unless as
43、kedCcalm him or her downDshare your feelings as well答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段前两句可知答案。15What can we learn from Marilyn Monroes words?ALife without a friend is death.BA friend is easier lost than found.CA friend in need is a friend indeed.DA man is known by his friends.答案C解析细节理解题。由第四段第一句“Try to make something f
44、or your friend to help make them feel better in hard times.”可知，C项正确。16Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?AMake plansBEnjoy yourselfCUnderstand your friendsDPlay with your friends答案A解析推理判断题。由最后一段第一句“Try to make plans with your friends.”和第四句“By planning things togethe
45、r，you both can have a good time.”可知，A项正确。17Whats the best title of the passage?AOne of the Most Important Things in the WorldFriendshipBIn Order to Have Friends，You Have to Be a FriendCHow Can You Be a Good Friend at School?DFriendship Is Valuable in Ones Life答案C解析标题归纳题。第一段最后一句为提示。.语法填空Kyle and I ar
46、e best friends，but how we started to talk is a long story.One day，while 18.walking(walk) in one of the library passages，I saw a boy carrying a huge pile of books.This meant he was a person with no 19.social(society) life on weekends.20.Suddenly(sudden)，some boys knocked the books out of his hands.Hi
47、s glasses flew off.With a sad 21.expression(express) on his face，he struggled to get his glasses.At that moment，I gave him a hand，and since then，we 22.have been(be) friends.A few years later，he became a handsome young man.He got so popular 23.that almost everyone wanted to make friends with him.When
48、 he gave a talk on the last day of our high school，he told us that he had secretly planned 24.to kill(kill) himself on the day that he and I talked 25.for the first time.Then he gave me 26.a grateful look.At that moment，I realized 27.what I had done had helped him so much and even saved his life.短文改
49、错Dear Miss Liu，Its three months since I came to study here.What I miss you! How are you these days?Im sorry I havent written to you till now，for I have been busy prepare for some important examination.My classmates are come from different countries of the world，and I have made quite a little friends
50、.We learn each other.I have made such rapid progress in my speaking English that I have been able to talk with my American friends in it.Life here is hardly，but its very interested and Ive got used to it.Im looking forward to hear from you.Yours sincerely，Li Ming答案Dear Miss Liu，Its three months sinc
51、e I came to study here. I miss you! How are you these days?Im sorry I havent written to you till now，for I have been busy for some important .My classmates are come from different countries of the world，and I have made quite a friends.We learn each other.I have made such rapid progress in my English
52、 that I have been ableto talk with my American friends in it.Life here is ，but its very and Ive got used to it.Im looking forward to from you.Yours sincerely，Li Ming.书面表达请你写一篇介绍朋友的英语短文。从你的朋友中选择一个你最喜欢的，内容包括：1外貌；2爱好；3个性品质，对朋友、友谊的认识等。注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：最喜爱的(人/事物)favourite；珍惜cherish参考范文My Best FriendI have
53、 a lot of friends，and Tong Xin is my best friend.Tong Xin，aged 17，is a nice girl.With big eyes and long hair，she looks very beautiful.Listening to music is her favourite as well as collecting stamps in her spare time.She also enjoys swimming in summer and skating in winter.Besides，gardening attracts
54、 her so much that she dreams of being a gardener in the future.She is highly spoken of by the teachers and students.Easygoing and warmhearted，Tong Xin is always ready to help others.In her opinion，good friends always help each other whenever necessary.In my eyes，she is a person who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.I feel lucky to have this friend and Ill cherish our friendship.
