1、Period SixGrammar & Writing.不定代词的用法1不定代词一览表可数one，each，many，both，another，either，neither，(a)few不可数much，(a)little可数，不可数none，any，other，all，some复合不定代词anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something；everyone，everybody，everything；nobody，nothing2.不定代词的语法特征(1)every和no只能用作形容词，不能用作代词。(2)复合不定代词都不可接of短语，但some
2、 one，every one，any one都是两个词，之后可接of短语(注意no one不可接of短语)。Every one of the students can speak good English.这些学生每个人都能说一口流利的英语。(3)除上述词之外，其他的不定代词既可用作代词，又可用作形容词(none只作代词)。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置其后。3不定代词的用法难点(1)no one，none，nothing的用法区别no one单独使用，只用于指人。No one knows anything about when he or she was born.对于他或她出生于什么时间
3、，没有人知道。none一般与of短语连用，指人或物。none of the boys/the money/them从of短语的特点可以判断，none强调数量的概念，因此在回答有关数量问题时，一般用none。How many Chinese stamps do you collect?None.你收集了多少枚中国邮票？一枚都没有。He has many friends，but none can really help him when he is in trouble.他有很多朋友，但真到他有麻烦时没有一个人能真正地帮他。nothing表示“什么也没有，没有东西”，是全部否定，作主语、宾语或表语
4、。Nothing can stop us marching forward.没有什么能阻止我们前行。Dont be so proud.You are nothing.不要这么骄傲，你不是什么了不起的人物。注意：none与nothing的不同：When I returned to my share of apples，I found none left.当我回去取自己的那份苹果时，发现一个也没有了。(用none表示一个苹果也没有了，但如果用nothing则表示什么都没有了，连其他的东西也没有了。)(2)each和every的用法区别each强调“个体”，起代词和形容词的作用；every强调“全体
5、”，只能作定语。each作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each来表示部分否定，而not every可以表示部分否定。The tickets each cost ten dollars.这些票每张十美元。(each作同位语，不能用costs)Every man is not honest.Not every man is honest.并非每个人都诚实。every还可表示“每隔的；每中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。every year or two每一两年every now and then时常every other day每隔一天Choose one out of eve
6、ry ten boys.从每十个男孩中选一个。one car to every 20 people每20人乘一辆车(3)another，other，the other，others，the others的用法一览表不定代词意义用法说明another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。I dont like this coat.Show me another，please.other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no，one及my，your，his等时，则可与单数名词连用。
7、any other plant，every other day。the other两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成“one.the other”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余全部的”。others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，构成some.others.。the others特指其余的人或物是the other的复数形式。(4)many，much，few，a few，little，a little区别意义许多有点/些(表示肯定)几乎没有(表示否定)可数manya fewfew不可数mucha littlelittleMany of the
8、 high school students are studying hard to enter Peking University，but only a few of them were lucky enough.许多高中生努力学习想进北大，但只有几个人幸运。(many 修饰可数名词，表示“许多”，而a few也修饰可数名词，表示“几个”)Living in Shanghai for a few years，yet he has made few friends there.虽然在上海生活了几年了，但是他没交到几个朋友。(a few 与few都修饰可数名词，但是前者表示肯定，而后者表示否定)
9、There is little time left，but we still have much to do.几乎没时间了，但是我们还有好多工作要做。(little修饰不可数名词，表示否定；much修饰不可数名词，意为“许多”)There is only a little oil left but we still have many miles to travel to get there.只剩一点油了，但是要到那儿我们还有数英里的路要走。(a little修饰不可数名词，表示“一点儿”；many修饰可数名词，意为“许多”)(5)it，one，the one，ones，the ones，th
10、at，those不定代词用法it代替前面出现的可数名词单数，前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复，也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等。one用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an adj.可数名词单数，为泛指，指“同类当中的某一个”。the one用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数，为特指ones用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为泛指。the ones用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为特指，相当于those。that代替前面提到的“the不可数名词”，也可代替前面提到的“the可数名词单数”。those代替前面出现的可数名词复数，避免重复，且表示特指，后有定语修饰，可与the on
11、es通用。I lost my pen yesterday.Have you seen it?Look at the one over there.我昨天丢了钢笔，你看见了吗？(it指代我昨天丢的钢笔，为同名同物)看看那边那支。(the one特指那边那支钢笔)I want to own a house，one that is not big but very convenient.我想拥有一座房子，不大但很方便的房子。(one指代a house，为同名异物，泛指同类当中的某一个)I do not like scientific books.I like story ones.我不喜欢科幻书，我
12、喜欢故事书。(ones指代books，为泛指)The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in Tianjin.海南的天气比天津的暖和。(that指代不可数名词the weather，后有介词短语in Tianjin修饰)The film is not as interesting as that/the one we saw together last week.这部电影不如我们上周一块去看的那部有趣。(that/the one指代可数名词the film，后有从句we saw together last week修饰)The houses made
13、of stone are generally stronger than those/the ones made of wood.用石头砌的房子一般比木制的房子更牢固。(those/the ones指代可数名词复数the houses，后有made of wood修饰，为特指)高考链接1.用适当的代词填空1The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建)2Niki is always full of ideas，but
14、 none is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川)3How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？(2015浙江)4The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015天津)5An average of
15、 just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2014浙江).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.(2016全国，短文改错)manymuch2Much rare animals are dying out.(2015全国，短文改错)MuchMany.动词不定式1动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式可以在句子中作除谓语之外的几乎所有成分，即可在
16、不同的句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。To see is to believe.(主语)(表语)眼见为实。Her job is to take care of the children in the kindergarten.(表语)她的工作是在幼儿园照顾小孩。The old woman hopes to travel to Hainan.(宾语)那位老太太希望去海南旅游。The doctor persuaded the patient to give up smoking.(宾语补足语)医生说服了这位病人戒烟。Tom has a great deal of housewor
17、k to do this weekend.(定语)这个周末汤姆有很多家务活要做。Nice to see you again here.(状语)很高兴再次在这儿见到你。To be honest/frank，I dislike her.(独立成分)老实/坦白说，我不喜欢她。2动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式由“not不定式”构成。I decided not to go there so hurriedly.我决定不这么匆忙地去那儿。3动词不定式的省略(1)省略不定式的符号to。动词不定式作see，look at，watch，notice，observe，feel等感官动词以及have，let，
18、make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式的符号to要省略。I often hear my neighbor sing English songs.我经常听到我邻居唱英文歌。(2)保留不定式的符号to，省略动词原形。有时为了避免重复，可以只用to代替前面的不定式，这种情况往往出现在下列动词或形容词后面，如care，expect，forget，hope，intend，mean，prefer，try，want，wish，be glad/happy/delighted，would like/love等。I have never been to Macau but I do wish to.我从没去
19、过澳门，但我很渴望去。4动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式，当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时，动词不定式要用被动语态。It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。Dont pretend to be working hard.不要装作努力工作。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。5动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of名词或代词宾格”构成，不定式的复合结构可以在句子中作主语、宾
20、语、定语或状语。注意：不定式的复合结构作主语时，“Itbe形容词of sb. to do sth.”句型应用表示人的特征的形容词，且可以转换成“sb.be形容词to do sth.”句型；而“Itbe形容词for sb. to do sth.”句型用的是表示事情本身特征的形容词，不能倒过来说。Its foolish of Jimmy to make such a decision.(Jimmy is foolish to make such a decision.)吉米做出这样的决定是愚蠢的。Its necessary for Tom to study hard.(Tom is necessa
21、ry to study hard.)汤姆有必要努力学习。6“疑问词动词不定式”结构“疑问词动词不定式”相当于名词，可以在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。The little girl didnt know what to do next.那个小女孩不知道下一步该怎么办。高考链接2.用所给动词的正确形式填空1If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely to bring(bring) your work home.(2016全国)2Skilled workers also combine
22、various hardwoods and metal to create(create) special designs.(2016全国)3For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat(eat)！(2016四川)4. To catch(catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015北京)5At college，Barack Obama didnt know that he was to
23、 become(become) the first black president of the United States of America.(2015陕西)6To learn(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015福建)7To free(free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner q
24、uietness.(2014湖南)8There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2014北京).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.(2015陕西，短文改错)just后加to2It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute s
25、hes outside.(2014辽宁，短文改错)understandingunderstand.用适当的代词填空1If you need money，Ill lend you some.2Neither John nor Tom and I are to take part in the competition.3I love my motherland as much as you love yours.4You can hold the pot in one hand and take off the lid with the other.5It is easy to see that
26、the people of different cultures have always copied each other.6None of us like to swim in the polluted water.7There are flowers on both sides of the street.8There are flowers on either side of the street.9Although hes wealthy，he spends little on clothes.10Is there anything you dont understand?11Don
27、t you want this nice cheap red umbrella?No，I dont want it.Please show me another.12Did you find your watch yesterday?No，I didnt find it，but Ive bought one.用不定式改写下列句子1I find that it is difficult to speak English well.I find it difficult to speak English well.2It seemed they were writing something for
28、 somebody.They seemed to be writing something for somebody.3It happened that they had known each other before.They happened to have known each other before.4Jim doesnt know how he can improve his Chinese.Jim doesnt know how to improve his Chinese.5The progress which will be made soon is of great imp
29、ortance.The progress to be made soon is very important.文体指导广告是商品、器物、服务的宣传方式，旨在使消费者对某种商品、器物或服务产生兴趣，从而促使他们进行消费，因此，广告必须具有吸引力，能引起广大消费者的兴趣。一般说来，广告可分为标题(the headline)、文字说明或广告正文(the body text)、图像(the illustration)和厂商名称(the signature)四个部分。广告标题，是广告中最为重要的部分之一。它起着激起读者的好奇心、吸引读者的注意力的作用。下面是标题的几种常见类型：1简明口语化标题：用简单明
30、了、口语化、贴近生活的文字作为标题；2哲理、诗意型标题：用富含哲理、诗意的词语或语句，让人关注与思考；3反差对比型标题：形式上对仗，前后语意上形成反差；4名言俗语型标题；5巧嵌品牌名型标题。广告的正文应按照不同的要求选择不同的文体。广告的文字应尽量做到：1既要新颖，又要口语化；2多用简洁、明了的语言；3多用较短的单词和句子；4用词要准确，不用模棱两可的词句；5主要宣传内容，如商品的名称、型号、特点等应在文中反复强调；6为了增大广告的吸引力，有时可用谐音词或押韵的词句来增强宣传效果。常用句式1祈使句，这是出现最多的句型。(1)Ask anyone who owns one.(汽车广告语)(2)L
31、ay down your arms.(桌子广告语)(3)Twist off the Cap and Taste the Perfect Orange Juice.(饮料广告)(4)Help Make a Difference in the Ireland of Today.(文化慈善机构广告)(5)Come into McDonalds and enjoy a Big Mac Sandwich.(三明治广告)2疑问句，通常用在广告的前面。(1)Who would know better how to welcome you to the US.？(旅游广告)(2)Are you worryin
32、g about the problem of management？(PANNET网络广告)(3)Thinking of buying？Think again.Not much for colour TV，is it？Vision hire！(彩电广告)(4)More Comfortable Than A Seat On The Board.(汽车座椅广告)3省略句，在英语广告中，省略句比比皆是，甚至整篇广告都由省略句构成。(1)Air Quality！(航空公司广告)(2)The better way to acquire todays better books.(订书广告)广告英语很少使用
33、复合句，正是这些结构简单的祈使句、疑问句和省略句使广告英语读起来简明扼要，听起来轻松活泼。4比较级，比较级在广告中用得非常多，这是由于英语广告中有大量的形容词和副词作修饰语的缘故。(1)These days succeeding in business means getting more competitive and making tougher decisions.(2)In short，the stronger your character，the brighter your future.5直接引语，在英语广告中直接引语出现得很多，原因一是直接引语使得广告显得形式活泼、新颖；二是采用
34、直接引语从心理学的角度看可以增强说服力。“Its like were all in the same office.The office just happens to be spread across 7,000 miles of ocean，”Tom Hughes MIS Director，Construction.这是IBM公司的一则广告的开头语，通过该公司经理的话，使广告显得生动具体。写作任务一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容：1地点：距白山入口处500米；2房间及价格：单人间(共20间)，100元/天；双人间(共15间)，1
35、50元/天；热水淋浴；3餐饮：餐厅(中、西餐)，咖啡厅(茶、咖啡)；4游泳池：全天免费开放；5欢迎预订。注意：1.词数100左右，标题和开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Welcome to Baishan Mountain HotelBaishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business. 审题谋篇第一步明确要求该写作属于说明类写作，故以第三人称为主；因为是对一个宾馆的介绍，因此以一般现在时时态为主。第二步词汇热身本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：Para.1首先对游客表示欢迎；Para.2对白云宾馆进行详细介绍；Para.
36、3最后再次提出欢迎。第三步提炼要点本文可能会运用以下词汇和短语：1入口the entrance to.2单间single room3提前in advance4免费free of charge第四步扩点成句(1)宾馆有20个单间，15个双人间，所有房间都有热水淋浴。(一般表达)The hotel has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms and all the rooms have hot showers.(高级表达)The hotel has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms，all with hot showers.
37、(2)宾馆提供三餐，有中餐和西餐供选择。(一般表达)It serves three meals a day.There are Chinese food and Western food for you to choose from.(高级表达)It serves three meals a day and there are Chinese food and Western food for you to choose from.连句成篇Welcome to Baishan Mountain HotelBaishan Mountain Hotel is now open for busine
38、ss.Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain.It has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms，all with hot showers.A single room is 100 yuan and a double room 150 yuan for one night.You are advised to book in advance.The hotel serves three meals a day and there are Chinese foo
39、d and Western food for you to choose from.You can also enjoy yourself at the cafe drinking tea or coffee in the evening.We also have a swimming pool，which is open all day and free of charge.All are welcome!.单元语法A)用所提供单词的正确形式填空1I saw him go (go) out of the room ten minutes ago.2Im thirsty; please get
40、 me something to drink (drink)3The teacher told them not to make (not make) so much noise.4There isnt any difference between the two.I really dont know which to choose (choose)5In Asia，to get (get) into a good public university，students have to take the entrance exam.B)用another，other，others，some mor
41、e或any more填空6That was great.Lets have another game，shall we?7We took a bus into town，and there were only two other people on the bus.8My sides are aching.I just dont want to hear any more jokes.9Two people were taken to hospital，and others were treated at the scene of the accident.10Ill get some mor
42、e sweets.Weve eaten nearly all these.阅读理解Someday a stranger will read your email without your permission or scan the websites youve visited.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact，i
43、ts likely some of these things have already happened to you.Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a girlfriend，a marketing company，a boss，a policeman or a criminal.Whoever it is，they will see you in a way you never intended to be seenthe 21st century equal of being caught naked(裸露
44、的)Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy，though its important to reveal(透露) yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.Actually few boundaries remain.The digital bread crumbs(面包屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are，where you are
45、 and what you like.In some cases，a simple Google search can reveal what you think.Like it or not，increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.The key question is：Does that matter? For many Americans，the answer apparently is “no”When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy
46、most say they are concerned about losing it.A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away and that bothers me”But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior
47、s in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费亭)to avoid using the EZPass system that can track(跟踪) automobile movements.And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submi
48、t personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50centsoff coupon(优惠券)But privacy does matter at least sometimes.Its like health：When you have it，you dont notice it；only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.11From Paragraph 2，we can infer .A
49、criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technologyBpeople tend to be more frank with each other in the information ageCin the 21st century people try every means to look into others secretsDpeoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“Wh
50、oever it is，they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen.”可知，人的隐私可能很轻易就被泄露，故选D。12What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?AThere should be a distance even between friends.BThere should be fewer quarrels between friends.CFriends should always be faithful to eac
51、h other.DFriends should open their hearts to each other.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy.”可知，心理学家认为朋友间也应该保持距离，故选A。13According to the passage，privacy is like health in that .Aits importance is rarely understoodBit is something that can easily be lostCpeople will make eve
52、ry effort to keep itDpeople dont treasure it until they lose it答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Its like health：When you have it，you dont notice it；only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.”可知，作者认为隐私就像健康一样，直到失去人们才懂得珍惜，故选D。.七选五People with bad manners are rejected(拒绝) in the world of work.They do
53、 not get good jobs or promotions.Their business do not succeed. 14 They are liked and supported.They have friends，luck and success.When you improve your manners，you improve your chances of success.The following are several examples of good manners.Be polite to everyone you meet. 15 For example，when
54、you go on a job interview，be polite to the desk clerk as they can affect your chances of success.Use these magic words as often as possible：Hello，Please，Excuse me and Sorry，and use the two most important words：Thank you.Use good manners in all of your communications.Examples：Return telephone and ema
55、il messages within 24 hours；If you receive a rude message，do not respond with rudeness，but be polite；Do not interrupt people. 16 17 Cutting(插队) in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time.If you are polite，patient and calm，you will arrive safely and feel more relaxed.A good sense of
56、humor shows good manners. 18 Before starting important conversations，meals or meetings，turn off your mobile phone.Ignoring people while you use your phone is impolite.AUse good manners when driving.BPeople with good manners are accepted.CYou will never regret being polite，but you might regret being
57、rude.DYou should learn good manners from people around you.ETell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.FMake sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.GIt is better to make a careful plan before you take action答案14.B15.C16.F17.A18.E.语法填空In my free time，I re
58、ally like surfing the Internet.After a long day，I want to get me 19.relaxed(relax)I turn on my computer，wait until it boots up completely，and then I go online.I usually check my email first and then write a few messages 20.to my family and friends.I sometimes scan the local news headlines at my favo
59、urite news website and read up on the 21.latest(late) local and international news.This website often provides video which you can view online.I sometimes order products or service 22.provided(provide) online to save money and time instead of going to a store and 23.buying(buy) what Im looking for.F
60、or example，I 24.ordered(order) a digital camera online yesterday and saved about 50.Whatever I do，I realize that there are 25.problems(problem) with using the Internet including illegal tricks，and viruses(病毒)，so Im very careful not to give out my 26.personal(person) information.Furthermore，I dont do
61、wnload or open files I dont recognize.Using the Internet can be fun and 27.a convenient way of shopping and finding out new information,28.but you just need to be careful.书面表达FF(Fool First)型照相机是我厂(具有50年的相机制造历史)的新产品，现请你根据以下介绍为其写一篇100词左右的广告。介绍：机身由轻金属制造而成，相机由先进电脑控制，无论是初学者还是有经验者，只要使用FF型相机，都能拍出称心如意的照片。诱人
62、的价格：￥1,688。参考范文The Fool First CameraThe Fool First camera is the latest product of our factory.Our factory has a history of 50 years camera making.The Fool First camera is controlled by an advanced computer.The body of the camera is made of light metal.So the camera is not only comfortable to hold but easy to operate.The camera is fit for both the beginners and the experienced.Anyone who has a Fool First camera can take really excellent pictures.Its certainly a wise choice to own a good camera like the Fool First.Excellent value at 1,688 yuan.
