1、Revision of The passive Infinitive不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing无被动语态完成进行式to have been doing无被动语态当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。
2、一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。3.作表语：His dream was to be admitted to a good university.4作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?5作状语：She was too youn
3、g to be assigned such work.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）他受到批评是件好事。She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.(宾语)她宁愿分给她的是更重要的工作。He is not likely to have been notified about it.(表语)这事多半还没有通知他。She was the first woman to have been
4、elected to such a post.（定语）她是第一位当选这个位置的妇女。三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在there be结构中用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)There is no time to lose(to be lost).三、不定式的主动形式表示被动2在“npron+be+adj+to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，i
5、mportant，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with三、不定式的主动形式表示被动3.在“too.to do;enoughto”结构中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out(to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.三、不定式的主动形式表示被动4在“with+n+to do”结构中。例如：With nothing to do，he
6、lay in bedWith so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema三、不定式的主动形式表示被动5当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：I have a letter to type today(I是to type的逻辑主语)Do you have anything to say?(you是to say的逻辑主语)三、不定式的主动形式表示被动6当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。例如：This is the best book to read(=for usyou to read)The important thing to
7、do is to lock the door when we leave the house三、不定式的主动形式表示被动7一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有rent，hire，blame等。例如：The house is to rentI felt l was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.1.Having
8、a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seenExerciseB2.I hurried to the meeting hall,only_ that the meeting had been put off.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.toldB3.Do let your mother know all the truth,she appe
9、ars_ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been toldD4.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.takingA5.It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products.A.make;using B.making;using
10、 C.making;use D.make;useA6.With a lot of problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settledC7.He_ and was made to repeat it.A.didnt understand B.didnt be understood C.wasnt understand D.wasnt understoodD8.The pupils here_ all kinds of exercis
11、es every day in the past four weeks.A.kept busy doing B.keep on doing C.have kept busy doing D.have been kept busy doingD9.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requestedD10.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.
12、serves D.servedB1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult.(MET99)2.A.not make B.not to make 3.C.not making D.do not make 不定式与高考题2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.(MET2000)A.Expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects3.Having a tr
13、ip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(MET2001)A.to see B.seen C.seeing D.to be seen 4.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.(MET2003)A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy much5._late in
14、 the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.(2001年北京春季高考)A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled7.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each
15、 of us has a role _in making the earth a better place to live.(2003上海春季高考)A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing8.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made
