1、第2讲夹叙夹议文(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 1with them lots of waste.The 2might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing,changing the 3of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im 4about the placeother destination
2、s are described as“purer”natural experiences.However,I soon 5that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6among tons of rubbish.I find a 7mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 8but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authorit
3、y seem to be 9.The best of a Kilimanjaro 10,in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 11as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000
4、 meters,14lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 15low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 16twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 17:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.18you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19snow and
5、 the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.1.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring 2.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters3.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name 4.A.silentB.skepti
6、calC.seriousD.crazy5.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate 6.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones7.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean8.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary9.A.paying offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away10.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight11.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.rega
7、rded12.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose13.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials14.A.holding on toB.going back toC.living up toD.giving way to15.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits16.A.matchB.imagine C.countD.add17.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake18.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally19.A.pe
8、rmanent B.littleC.freshD.artificial20.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观。1.【解析】选D。动词辨析题。由“lots of waste”可知,攀登乞力马扎罗山的人们带来大量的垃圾,故选D。2.【解析】选C。名词辨析题。根据上文“40,000”可知,这是一个庞大的人群,可能破坏这个地方的美景,故选C。3.【解析】选C。名词辨析题。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一,所以冰川正在消失,将会改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌,故选C。4.【解析】选B。形容词
9、辨析题。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑其他旅游地被描述为“更纯洁”的自然体验。be silent about 对保持沉默,be skeptical about 对表示怀疑,be serious about对是认真的,be crazy about热衷于。故选B。5.【解析】选A。动词辨析题。根据“much has changed”可知,作者发现已经有了很大的变化。结合下一句 I find a _mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.discover发现;argue争论;decide决定;advocate提倡。故选A。6.
10、【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据下文with toilets at camps and along the paths可知,此处表示营地有大量垃圾的、令人担心的报道。equipment装备;grass 草;camps 营地;stones石头。故选C。7.【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。上文提到情况有了很大改变,结合with toilets at camps and along the paths.可知,我找到了一座干净的山,故选D。8.【解析】选C。形容词辨析题。根据前文可知,很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个重大的挑战。故选C。significant表示“重大的,值
11、得注意的”,符合语境。9.【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。pay off偿清,取得成功,得到回报;spread out 伸开,传播开;blow up爆炸,充气;fade away逐渐消失,褪色。故选A。10.【解析】选B。名词辨析题。根据下文可知攀登乞力马扎罗山最好的经历不是到达顶峰。atmosphere 氛围;experience 经历;experiment 试验;sight风景。故选B。11.【解析】选D。动词辨析题。由“spiritual places”可知,山被许多文化视为心灵之地。be regarde
12、d as“被视为”符合句意。study学习,研究;observe 观察;explore探索;regard把看作。故选D。12.【解析】选A。名词辨析题。根据上一句“大山被很多文化视为心灵之地”可知,句意:这种观点在乞力马扎罗山上尤其明显,因为登山者在几千米的登山过程中要经历五种生态系统。故选A。13.【解析】选B。名词辨析题。根据前文可知来到乞力马扎罗山的人都是为了登山,也只有登山者能经历到这五个生态系统,故选B。14.【解析】选D。短语辨析题。此处指热带雨林在3 000米处突然结束,给生长着矮的植物的土地让路。hold on to 坚持;go back to追溯到,回到;live up to
13、达到,不辜负;give way to 让路,屈服。故选D。15.【解析】选A。动词辨析题。根据该空后low clouds envelope the mountainsides低矮的云萦绕着山坡可知天气发生了变化,故选A。16.【解析】选C。动词辨析题。根据该空后twelve shades of green可知,我是在数着绿色。故选C。17.【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据该空后gravel,stones and rocks可知,海拔4 000米以上是荒漠地带,故选B。18.【解析】选D。副词辨析题。根据At the base.,Further up.,Above 4,000 meters.,可知
14、这里到了最后一个地方。obviously明显地;easily容易地;consequently结果;finally最后。故选D。19.【解析】选A。背景常识题。根据“arctic-like zone”可知,你攀登到类似北极的地区可知有永久性的积雪。故选A。20.【解析】选B。动词辨析题。句意:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,挤满了成群的游客,破坏了它宁静的气氛,它应得这样的声誉吗?对此作者表示疑问。enjoy享受;deserve值得;save挽救;acquire获得。故选B。【文本整体感知】1.解读主旨 夹叙夹议型文章不是单纯地叙述某个人、某件事,而是把对人物的语言、行为、心理活动的描写都融入文章的
15、叙述中。因此,要能理清故事发展的脉络,能够根据人物的语言行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图,以及对故事的发展和结局作出合理的预测。本文属于以论说为主的记叙文。据报道每年约有四万人攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山,他们带来了垃圾,人们的蜂拥而至也带来了环境问题。但现在通过坦桑尼亚政府的治理,情况已经出现了改观。作者由最初的悲观怀疑到最终疑窦解开。本文使用了_人称,就是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者亲切的态度和深厚的感情。第一2.理清结构 文章分为五个段落。第一、二段通过记叙和说明,提出问题;第三、四段以作者视角叙述和说明真实情况并非如报道所说。注意第三段中转折副词Howeve
16、r 在全文中的作用和意义。第五段通过设问,得出结论。同时注意第二段和文章最后一句I found the opposite to be true.的呼应关系。【解题思路模板】思路1.善于运用“同位”关系。文章第四段中有go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers,以下分别按照顺序介绍了5个生态系统。后面文字与之形成“总分”的同位关系,由标志词At the base is a rainforest、Further up、Above 4,000 meters 以及需要填的第18个空 Finally连接在一起。这段文字涉及了T1
17、4-T19 六个空格。根据地理知识和各种逻辑关系可以判断这些题目的答案。T14_;T15_;T16_;T17_;T18_和T19_。DACBDA思路2.善于运用知识迁移。将所学的经验改变后运用于新情境。下图是乞力马扎罗山气候垂直变化对植被影响的示意图。运用这种学科知识迁移也可以顺利解决思路1提到的第四段内容。【完形微技能】技法1 运用指代关系,建立上下文之间的联系。1.第一段中They 1with them lots of waste.中They 指代首句中的about 40,000 people,故T1选_。D2.第二段中Hearing these stories中these stories
18、(此处stories在美式英语中意为“新闻报道”)指代第一段中游客给乞力马扎罗山带来的环境压力,同时与第三段中disturbing reports和The environmental challenges 遥相呼应。故T2T9答案为_。CCBACDCA技法2 根据标点符号判断前后句意和关系。1.第二段中出现两个特殊的标点符号。破折号表示解释。“purer”加引号一方面表示强调,另一方面突出与乞力马扎罗山的比较。2.第四段中破折号表示解释和结果。Above 4,000 meters is the highland 17:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.中冒号也是起到解释的
19、作用。3.最后一段问号构成设问句,明确地回答了一二段中作者心中的疑虑。总之,标点符号“微言大义”,有时可以作为理解文意和解答题目的助手。【思维迁移升华】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。进一步体会知识迁移。The best of a Kilimanjaro experience,1._ my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains 2._(regard)as spiritual places by many cultures.This view is especially 3._(evidence)on Kilimanjaro as cl
20、imbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers.At the baseinareregardedevident4._(be)a rainforest.It ends 5._(abrupt)at 3,000 meters,6._(give)way to lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather changeslow clouds envelope the mountainsides,7._ are covered with thick gra
21、ss.I count twelve shades of green from 8._ I stand.Above 4,000 meters is isabruptlygivingwhichwherethe highland deserts:gravel(砾石),stones 9._ rocks.Finally you climb into 10._ arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.andan【题后反思】请根据文章内容写出重要词汇和词块attempt to climb Ki
22、limanjaro _the highest mountain in Africa _ be skeptical about the place _natural experiences _试图攀登乞力马扎罗山非洲最高的山对这个地方产生怀疑自然体验disturbing reports _effort_pay off_be regarded as_be described as_go through_令人不安的报道努力;付出偿清;成功被认为被描述为穿越abruptly_give way to_be covered with_envelop(v.)_突然地;忽然间;猝然屈服于;让路给被覆盖包住;裹住;盖住an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear._a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace_ 一个类似北极的有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川的区域一座挤满了破坏宁静气氛的游客的山
