1、Section Discovering Useful Structures Grammar限制性定语从句(1)1Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.2The number of people who/that were killed or badly inju
2、red in the quake was more than 400，000.3Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.4Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.5The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.我的发现(1)关系代词wh
3、o指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，如句2、句3和句5。(2)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换，如句5。(3)关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句1。(4)关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如句1、句2和句5。(5)关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语，如句4。一、定义1在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose、
4、as)和关系副词(when、where、why)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语)Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用who代替。The boy (whom/who) the t
5、eacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。(作宾语)3whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。(修饰物)即时演练一用适当的关系代词填空The wo
6、man who is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.Those who want to see the film set down your names, please.I like those books whose topics are about history.The old man whom/who you spoke to is a famous artist.4which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个有悠久历史的
7、国家。(作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)This is the house in which I once lived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)5that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who、whom，指物多用which。This is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterday i
8、s lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)点津关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.正The film (that/which
9、) we saw last night is very frightening.即时演练二用适当的关系代词填空Look, here are some people (who/whom/that) I want you to meet.Do you still remember the chicken farm (that/which) we visited three months ago?The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.三、关系代词只能用that而不用which的情况1当先行词为all、 everythin
10、g、 nothing、 anything、 much等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything (that) Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had.这是我吃
11、过的最美味可口的食物。3当先行词被all、 every、 no、 the only、 the very、 the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.所有那些不属于我的书我都已经读完了。The only thing (that) she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen (that) I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔了。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。 We often talk
12、 about the persons and things (that) we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 即时演练三补全句子This is the most beautiful park (that) I have visited这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。She took photographs of the things and people (that) she was impressed with她把给她深刻印象的人和物都拍摄下来了。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的
13、事。1erupt vi. & vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出(教材p.52)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后，住在我们旁边的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。(1)erupt from(从)喷出erupt into爆发为；突然发出(尤指叫喊)(2)eruption n.喷发，爆发佳句The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes. Is she not afraid?火山也许会爆发，引发地震，难道他不怕吗
14、？练透单句语法填空The volcano erupted and ash began to erupt from the crater.Gradually, a reginal conflit in the country erupted into violent warfare.The eruption (erupt) of volcano makes many people lose their lives.写美 补全句子After a 20year period of dormancy, the volcano began to erupt once more在20年的休眠后，这座火山再
15、一次爆发。2supply n供应(量)；补给；pl. 补给品vt.供应；供给(教材p.52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的补给品是从全国各地收集来的。(1)supply sth to sbsupply sb with sth向某人提供某物(2)be in short supply短缺a large supply of/large supplies of大量的供应佳句Id like to buy a large backpack
16、in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.我想预先买一个大的背包来装食物和水等补给品。练透 单句语法填空/一句多译The natural resources，such as coal and oil，are in short supply in this country.What happens when food and gasoline supplies (supply) run low?政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。The government has supplied plenty of food and c
17、lothes to the local people since the earthquake occurred.(supply sth to sb)The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred.(supply sb with sth)写美补全句子Moreover, the competition will supply/provide you with a chance to develop your creativity a
18、nd build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个发展创造力，同时与志同道合的同学建立友谊的机会。点津表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：provide sb with sthprovide sth for sboffer sb sthoffer sth to sb维度一：基础题型练用适当的关系词填空。1I still remember the earthquake that/which happened in 2008 in Sichuan.2Have you
19、read the book which/that was written by Anne Frank?3The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework.4Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building?5Do you know the lady who/that/whom our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?6It i
20、s the tallest building that John has seen ever since he came here.7My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1，000 yuan.8She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.9The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.10It was
21、 a crisis for which she was totally unprepared.11All that we need is enough rest after long hours work.12The pen that/which he bought yesterday is the same as mine.维度二：语法与写作1He is a man whom we are willing to learn from他是我们大家都愿意向其学习的人。2This is the very book that I am looking for这正是我要找的那本书。3The earth
22、quake that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976 shocked the people all over the world.发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。4We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习写于唐朝时期的一些中国诗歌。5The teacher is saying something to the student whose mother got injured in the acciden
23、t老师正在与那位学生说着什么，他的母亲在事故中受伤了。6Those who survived the floods could hardly believe what had happened.那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。维度三：语法与语篇用适当的关系代词完成下面短文。Do you know the man 1.who/that wrote this book？He was Jason, one of the engineers 2.who/that came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory whe
24、re my father once worked.When he came to China, the first thing 3.that he did was to visit the factory 4.which/that did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 5.that he could spare to help China develop transportation.As is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner 6.who/that made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 7.whom we should say thanks.
