1、专题11 【并列句】解题指导触类旁通寻方法,求策略,掌握“套路”一、 分析句子结构,确定并列连词如设空前后是并列的单词、短语或句子,应用并列连词,利用句意、逻辑关系和固定结构考虑填哪个并列连词。如果所填词引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰关系,则为定语从句。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,用关系代词;如果关系词在从句中作状语,则用关系副词。此外,还要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题。如果所填词引导的从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语,则为名词性从句。可根据连接词在从句中所作的成分来确定合适的连接词。如果连接词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,则用连接代词;如果作状语,则用连接副词;如果不做
2、成分,则考虑用that, whether或if。如果所填词引导的从句作状语,则为状语从句。要根据句意以及连接词在从句中所做的成分来确定合适的连接词。二、“破译”并列连词关系分析法搭配法句型法1确定并列连词无提示词,设空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等;而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系,应填并列连词。2四个技巧要熟用技巧一关系分析法分析句子间的逻辑关系,确定用哪个并列连词。表并列或顺承用and; 表转折用but; 表选择用or; 表因果用so(因此)或for (因为); 表对比用while。技巧二搭配法表并列关系:both . and .“二者都”; not only
3、 . but (also) . “不但而且”。表选择关系:either .or .“不是就是”; neither . nor .“既不也不”;not . but.“不是而是”。技巧三句型法祈使句and/or 陈述句,如表顺承用and, 表转折用or。when可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:be about to do . when .“正要做某事,这时突然”be doing . when . “正在做某事,这时突然”be on the point of doing . when . “正要做某事,这时突然”hardly .
4、when . “刚做完某事,这时突然”had (just) done . when . “刚做完某事,这时突然”三、关系词的易错点分析句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号,确定是否缺少、多余或用错并列连词。并列连词不能与从属连词连用,如although/though不能与but连用; because不能与so连用。句中如有非谓语动词作状语、with结构、非限制性定语从句以及从属连词引导的状语从句,并列连词and、 but、 or和so等不能使用。考点突破针对提能明考点,攻重难,有效提升考点一、常考并列连词表示转折、对比关系but, yet(然而), while(然而,强调对比)表示并列/递进关系a
5、nd, both.and., not only.but (also)., neither.nor.等表示选择关系or, either.or., not.but.等表示因果关系 for(一般不放在句首), so等(湖北卷)Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴,而且能使他人感到愉快。(福建卷)The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt discourage
6、d and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击,但他并没有沮丧,很快便像以前一样充满热情。(重庆卷)I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人,而我的室友凯特却极有条理。(山东卷)He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。【名师点津】but不与al
7、though/though连用,但yet, still可与although/though连用。考点二、特殊并列连词及并列句1when可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:be about to do sth.when.“正要做某事,这时突然”be on the point of doing sth.when.“正要做某事,这时突然”be doing sth.when.“正在做某事,这时突然”had (just/already) done sth.when.“刚做完某事,这时突然”(天津卷)I was driving down to
8、 London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现自己走错了路。(福建卷)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业,她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。2“祈使句and/or陈述句”,有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。(2018北京卷) In any unsafe situation, simply press the button a
9、nd a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。Start out right away, or well miss the first train.立刻出发,否则的话,我们将要错过首班车。【名师点津】并列连词的考查主要集中在“祈使句and/or陈述句”, and表并列, yet/but表转折, or表选择, so表因果, while表对比, when表“突然”等方面。跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟,练规范,夯基提能 I.高考真题诊断单句语法填空1.(202
10、0全国III) He asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist, _ they smiled and pointed down the river.2.(2019全国II)I work not because I have to,_because I want to.3.(2020全国新高考II)They kept their collection at home until it got too big _ until they died,and the
11、n it was given to a museum.4.(2019全国I)Not only likability related to positive life outcomes,_it is also responsible for those outcomes.5.(2019全国卷)When I studied chemistry in/at high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 【答案详解】1.答案:so 解析: 根据语境可知,上下文为因果关系,空后内容表示结果,故填so。句意:他问村民们在河岸
12、上,他能找到传说中的的艺术家 , 所以,他们笑着指着河的下游方向。2.答案:but 解析: not.but.表示“不是.而是.”。句意:我工作不是因为我必须工作,而是因为我想工作。3.答案:or 解析:根据语境可知,上下文是选择关系,故填or。句意:他们把他们的收藏品保存在家里,直到收集量变得太大或者直到他们去世,他们把这些收藏品交给博物馆。4.答案:but 解析: not only . but also .表示“不仅.而且.”。句意:好感度不仅与积极的生活结果有关,而且也会促使这些结果出现。5.答案:and 解析:根据语境可知,上下文是并列关系,故填and。句意:当我在高中学习化学时,我重新
13、考虑了我的目标,而且决定成为一名医生。II.精选典题并列句专题对点训练单句语法填空6.Both started the same _ ended differently.Why? Because of how you reacted.7.She didnt know anything about current TV shows _ fashion trends.8.As to acute stomachache, there is no need to have an operation;all you need to do is drink a cup of Chinese herbs,
14、_the western way takes more time and money.9.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.10.Adversity(逆境) can beat you down, _ it also has the ability to make you stronger.11.Peter has previous experience, _ I think hes the right person for the job.12.We
15、certainly know from evidence in the sleep center and that of many other scientists that naps can give you benefits for both your brain _ your body.13.Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear. Overcome it, _we will be able to achieve our goals.14.He found it incr
16、easingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.15.In other words, it hasnt been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, _ whether sleeping less leads to weight gain.【答案详解】6.答案:but 解析:题干前后两个分句存在意思上的转折,所以用but.句意:都以同样的方式开始,却以不同的方式结束。为什么?因为你的反应。7.答案:or 解析:句意:她对于当前的
17、电视节目和流行趋势一无所知。or用在表示否定意义的动词后表示“也不,也不是,也没有”的意思。根据本句中表示否定意义的“didnt know”可知设空处填or。8.答案:while 解析:句意:对于急性胃痛,不需要动手术,你所需要做的是喝一杯中药,而西方的方法需要更多的时间和金钱。while 在这里表示两种情况的对比。9.答案:when 解析:本句考查“be doing.when.”这一结构,在本结构中,when是并列连词,相当于 and at that time.句意:一个周五,我们正在收拾行李要出去度周末,就在那时我女儿听到有人喊救命。10.答案:but/yet 解析:此处考查的是not o
18、nly.but(also) .结构, 意为“不仅.而且.句意:逆境能打败你,但还/也有能力让你更强。11.答案: so 解析:设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系,故填并列连词 so.句意:彼得以前有过经验,所以我认为他是这项工作的合适人选。12.答案:and 解析:both.and.为固定搭配, 意为:.和.两者都;既.也.句意:我们肯定从睡眠中心和许多其他科学家的证据中知道,午睡对你的大脑和身体都有好处。13.答案:and 解析:考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”。后句句意为:克服它,我们就能够达到我们的目标。空的前后为顺承关系, 故用and。14.答案:for 解析:for 是表示因果关系
19、的并列连词。句意:由于他的视力下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。15.答案:or 解析:whether.or .为固定搭配意为:是.还是.句意:换句话说,目前还不清楚体重过重的孩子是否有睡眠问题,或者睡眠不足是否会导致体重增加。III.精选典题并列句专题对点训练单句改错16.I was just about to give it up while I suddenly noticed a little boy walking towards the sea calmly. 17.In addition, parents love shown in this way can also help th
20、eir children strengthen confidence or hold a positive life attitude. 18.I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. 19.While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, but it is not usually necessary to have written docum
21、ents translated.20.All my friends were so excited to start their own lives,and I just wasnt sure whether I was ready for that yet.【答案详解】16.答案:whilewhen 解析: be doing sth.when.为固定搭配, 意为“正在做某事, 突然”。故将while改为when. 句意:就在我打算放弃的时候,我突然注意到一个小男孩正平静地走向大海。17.答案:orand 解析:此处指帮助孩子增强自信并对生活持积极态度, 前后是并列关系而不是选择关系,故用an
22、d不用or。18.答案:andbut 解析:考查not only.but also.搭配,句意:在过去的几年里,我不仅在身体上成长了,而且在心理上也成长了。19.答案:删除but 解析:句首While意为“尽管:虽然”, 不能和but连用。句意:虽然来自中国北方的人可能需要翻译来自南方的人的语言,但通常不需要翻译书面文件。20.答案:andbut解析:前后为转折关系, 故将and改为but。句意:我所有的朋友都为开始新的生活而激动,但是我却不知是否已做好了准备。 IV.精选典题并列句专题对点训练短文语法填空Recently I failed an exam. However, 21. I ca
23、me out of my teachers office, I told myself,Smile! Its not so serious.”I had a big smile 22.it worked, really.Everyone gets frustrated sometimes. I used to be always influenced by pressure and I was often in low spirits. 23.one day I came across the sentences,Do not be anxious about tomorrow, 24 tom
24、orrow will be anxious for itself. Let the days own trouble be sufficient for the day. They suddenly struck me.Worrying about a problem doesnt help.Why not just give a big smile and face up to the trouble?” Now, 25 I want to cry, I remind myself that laughing is better than either tears 26anger.I am
25、convinced 27 theres something magical about a smile.A smile helps me recover confidence and gives me the courage to move on. Remember,whenever youre faced with a setback 28. treated unfairly, all 29it takes is determination and you can feel happy again.Smile at life, 30. it will shine on you.【语篇解读】本
26、文作者通过自己的经历告诉大家:要笑对生活。21.答案:when/as 解析:考查从属连词。此处表示“当我从老师的办公室走出来的时候”。空处应用 when或as 引导时间状语从句,表示“当时”。22.答案:and 解析: 考查并列连词。空处前后为顺承关系,后面一句不缺句子成分,因此本空填并列连词and.23.答案:But 解析: 考查并列连词。空处前后为转折关系,故填连词But.24.答案:for/because/as/since 解析:考查原因状语从句。空处前后之间是逻辑上的因果关系,后面表示原因,故可填并列连词for,也可填because或as或since来引导原因状语从句。25.答案:wh
27、en/whenever 解析:考查从属连词。根据语境,这里表示“当时”或“每当”,故填从属连词when 或 whenever.26.答案:or 解析:考查并列连词。与前面的either 呼应,空处应填or. either.or.表示“或者或者.”。27.答案:that 解析: 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,在从句中不作成分,应用连接词that引导宾语从句。28.答案:or 解析:考查并列连词。根据语境,空处前后表示选择关系,填并列连词or表示“或者”。29.答案:that 解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词all,且从句中缺少宾语,故填 that.30.答案:and 解析:考查并列连词。空处前后表示顺承关系,因此这里填并列连词and,构成“祈使向十and十陈述句”句型。