1、典型技巧17 特定句子含义的理解【考情角度】考情分析记叙文、说明文或议论文常涉及积极的生活态度类主题，做题时应理顺文章各段落之间的逻辑关系，遇长难句时，应尝试划分句子结构与成分。如涉及句意理解题，不能凭“一知半解”臆断句意，应利用上下文语境揣摩。考查角度常考细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题或句意理解题等。【真题再现】(2018全国卷D)主题语境：积极的生活态度Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when i
2、t comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to
3、donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is becoming a doctor).For weeks, Ive been
4、 thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would
5、keep his interest. I expected that one toy would for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. B
6、efore I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean
7、?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell ？A. Saving up for her holiday.B. Raising money for a poor girl.C. Adding the money to her fund.D. Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author ？A. To try o
8、ut an idea.B. To show a parents love.C. To train his attention.D. To help him start a hobby.答案与解析：1.A2.C3.A1.对比画线句后一句所提出的： live more with less可猜出句意。2.根据题干关键词objects定位原文第二段最后一句可推出答案。3.定位原文关键信息determined to test my own theory on this，可推断出作者和孩子玩球的目的。【技巧释义】利用上下文理解句意1.提出观点(第1段)本文以反例引出观点： live more with l
9、ess (可解第1题)2.事例论证1(第2段)鼓励孩子们捐赠闲置物品或卖掉东西将钱放入教育基金(可解第3题)3.事例论证2(第3段)以问题形式论证如何能让孩子们“make it a habit”(可解第3题)4.得出结论(第4段)综合事例1和事例2可得出结论：少即是多，简单的物品也能带来快乐【词汇积累】simplicity n.简单；质朴；淳朴keep ones attention保持注意力be serious about sth.对认真【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）1When I was first married to my wife, I lived and worked in On
10、tario, moving from small town to big city as I pursued my career as a radio broadcaster. We have two sons, both of whom were born in Toronto, but they moved, with us, to Ottawa when they were quite young. They grew up there, and then, chasing their own careers, they also moved. One went to Canadas e
11、ast coast near a city called Halifax and the other headed to the west coast to Vancouver. We had a dilemma; we were left in the middle.At the time I was still working and my job was in Ottawa. However, as we began to consider retirement we wondered where we should spend our final years. We couldnt b
12、e close to both of our children and there was no telling when they might again relocate. For several reasons we settled on a small town on Vancouver Island. At least we were close to one of them. However, he had his sights set on Hollywood and, when an opportunity presented itself, he left Canada an
13、d headed south. I helped him move.So, there we were, and still are, in our little west coast town. We love our little corner of paradise but we have paid a price. We have not been there for some important events such as the births of two of our grandchildren. We have missed watching each of them gro
14、w up; we have missed the normal, noisy households that have young people in them. Our home, while very comfortable, is also very quiet.Every fall we travel to see the children. We usually fly, first to California to see our son Scott and spend a week or more with him trying to catch up on everything
15、 weve missed. Then, usually in November, we make the even longer trip east across Canada to see Travis and our grandchildren, who are now teenagers, actually into their twenties. They seldom come to visit us. The distances are just too great and it is costly.Fortunately, both our boys are doing well
16、 and our grandchildren are growing up straight and tall. We love all of them and we are secure in the knowledge that they love us but the reality is that they dont need us. We have done our jobs and, at least in theory, we can sit back, relax and enjoy the time remaining to us. They have also missed
17、 having a set of parents and grandparents around.Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price.1.What does the author mean by saying “We had a dilemma.”?A.They were not happy about their sons absence.B.They were unwilling to separate from their sons.C.They were not yet prepared for
18、retirement at that time.D.They couldnt decide which son to live close to.2.Why does the author say they have paid a price?A.They have lost lots of money because of his retirement.B.They have to give a large sum of money to their sons.C.They have been absent from their childrens life.D.They have to a
19、fford very expensive fare to visit their sons.3.Why do not the authors grandchildren visit them regularly?A.They are quite occupied with their homework.B.Its not easy for the kids to visit their grandparents.C.They dont need their grandparents any more.D.The weather of winter in Canada is very awful
20、.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Grandparents LoveB.Suffering SeparationC.A Price to PayD.Hidden Emotions【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.C【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。作者一家人忙于追求各自的事业，因此不能相互陪伴。作者认为，虽然生活很幸福，但是陪伴的缺席是一种付出的代价。1.句意猜测题。根据第一段“One went to Canadas east coast near a city called Halifax and the other headed to the west
21、coast to Vancouver. We had a dilemma; we were left in the middle.”（一个去了加拿大东海岸附近一个叫哈利法克斯的城市，另一个去了西海岸温哥华。我们进退两难；我们被夹在中间。）及第二段“We couldnt be close to both of our children and there was no telling when they might again relocate. ”（我们无法与两个孩子都近距离接触，也不知道他们什么时候会再次搬迁。）推测，作者说自己进退两难是想离孩子近一点，但又不知道选择哪一个。故选D项。2.推
22、理判断题。根据文章第三段“ We have not been there for some important events such as the births of two of our grandchildren. We have missed watching each of them grow up; we have missed the normal, noisy households that have young people in them.”（一些重要的事情，比如我们两个孙子的出生，我们都没有去那里。我们错过了看着他们每个人成长的时光；我们怀念家里有小孩子的正常、吵闹的家庭
23、生活。）可以推测，作者认为他们付出了代价是因为他们没有参与到孩子们的生活中。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They seldom come to visit us. The distances are just too great and it is costly.”（他们很少来看我们。距离太远，成本太高。）可知，作者的孙辈不能经常来拜访他们是因为不方便，不容易。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“We love our little corner of paradise but we have paid a price.”（我们都爱我们自己的小天堂，但我们已经付出了代价。）
24、及最后一段“Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price.”（我们家的生活很好，但我们都付出了代价。）并结合全文内容可知，作者认为自己和孩子的家庭都幸福，但是缺少了相互的陪伴，因此，是一种不得不付出的代价。A Price to Pay（付出的代价）符合全文故事主旨。故选C项。2My family and I belonged to a country club located across the street from the Long Island Sound. Each summer, the big att
25、raction for us was the pool. I learned how to swim and joined the swimming team but was never really a good swimmer. However, swimming in my younger days was a way to keep cool, and swimming on a team gave me identity and a sense of belonging. It also became invaluable many years later.Fast-forward
26、(快进) to 1973 I was married, pregnant and had a home. What made our little home even more wonderful was when I discovered that four blocks away was Rath Park Pool! For the next 30 years, most of our summer days were spent around that pool.Each of my five kids took swimming lessons and learned all the
27、 different swimming strokes (姿势). They later joined the swim team and competed in meets. My daughter even became a lifeguard at the town pool. I sat back and happily took it all in!As much as I would have liked to have life stand still, it doesnt. My children outgrew their pool days and moved on. Bu
28、t the pool was still four blocks from my home, so I began to take up swimming again. And it was far better than I ever could have imagined. I got so much out of it that I joined the local pool so I could swim year-round. Whenever I swam, I would always come out feeling physically and mentally refres
29、hed. I often felt that if I looked hard enough, I would be able to see all of the worries and problems Ive had in life, sitting at the bottom of the pool!What has swimming taught me? Ive learned that balance is the key to being a good swimmer. If you are balanced in the water, you have no resistance
30、. Working on staying balanced made me realize the similarities between life in and out of the swim lane (泳道). If you work on keeping yourself balanced, you will be able to swim right through the stress and problems life throws at you!5.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 1?A.Her family
31、 taught her how to swim.B.She swam with friends more often in summer.C.Swimming brought her lifelong benefits.D.She was elected to be the swim team captain.6.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 imply?A.The author loved the pool days with her kids.B.Swimming was losing its appeal to the
32、author.C.Her kids winning competitions made her proud.D.The author preferred to have a peaceful life.7.What did the author find after she took up swimming again?A.Sports can give you the courage to face difficulties.B.She mastered more swimming skills than expected.C.It enabled her to see how to han
33、dle problems in life.D.Swimming made her remember her younger days.8.What is the main idea of the article?A.The wonderful pool days with the authors family.B.The influence of swimming on the authors life.C.The physical and mental benefits of swimming.D.The similarities between swimming and life.【答案】
34、5.C6.A7.C8.B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了游泳对作者一生的影响。5.细节理解题。从第一段“It also became invaluable many years later.”（许多年后，它也变得无价。）得知，游泳给作者带来长期的益处，文中没有提及是谁教会作者游泳，故A错误；每个夏天，作者都是和家人一起游泳，故B错误；虽然作者参加了游泳队，但没有担任队长，相反，她并不是游泳高手，所以D错误。故选C。6.句意猜测题。上一段讲述了作者的孩子们也很热衷于游泳，可是孩子们慢慢长大后就不再游泳。这句话的意思是“尽管我很想让生活保持现状，但事实并非如此”，起到了承上启下的作用，表明了作者很
35、享受之前和孩子们一起在泳池的日子，故选A。7.细节理解题。从第四段的最后一句“I often felt that if I looked hard enough, I would be able to see all of the worries and problems Ive had in life, sitting at the bottom of the pool!”（我常常觉得，如果我看得够仔细，坐在池底，我就能看到我生活中所有的烦恼和问题，）可知，沉入游泳池底，作者能够看到生活中所有的烦恼和问题，并且能够处理烦恼和问题。故选C。8.主旨大意题。这篇文章中，作者讲述了随着年龄的增长，
36、游泳给她带来的乐趣和益处，最后升华到了对生活的感悟，所以整篇文章的主旨在于游泳对作者生活的影响，故选B。3When the novelist Luis Alberto Urrea was 14 or 15, he took a trip deep into Mexico. He was born in Tijuana to a Mexican father and a white American mother before moving just across the border and eventually into the San Diego suburbs. But his fath
37、er thought he was becoming “too American”, and took him on a 27-hour journey to Mazatlan. Along the way, his father gave him a paperback copy of The Godfather and told him it would change his life. “I dont think he was trying to make a case for us being criminals,” Urrea says. “But he really felt th
38、is incredible connection to the family and the traditions and the honor for the old country, as people were making their way in the US.”In his new novel The House of Broken Angels, Urrea has written his own take on the Godfather story with a Mexican-American Don Corleone figure at its center. The st
39、ory takes place over two days, as Big Angel de la Cruz buries his mother and celebrates his final birthday party on earth; he knows hes dying, and hes gathered his extended family around him for a noisy and lively goodbye.The idea was inspired by the final birthday party of Urreas elder brother thre
40、e years ago. Everybody was jammed in his backyard, and there was a DJ and people dancing and consuming a serious amount of American junk food they didnt want Mexican food, they wanted KFC and pizza. I thought, where are the tacos, dude? And my brother sat in his little chair in the middle of it. Peo
41、ple were coming to him and kneeling, and they would thank him and kiss his hand or touch his head and tell him all the ways he had changed their lives.Urreas brother died of cancer within two weeks at 74, and the heartbreaking event haunted the author. He considered writing a memoir (回忆录) about it “
42、I was thinking about Truman Capote, when he did those tiny books about Christmas and Thanksgiving.” But his wife encouraged him to aim bigger. When he found himself seated next to the writer Jim Harrison at a dinner event, he shared the story, and Harrison said, “Sometimes God hands you a novel. You
43、 have to write it.”Urrea thought to himself, “Marching orders from Jim Harrison this is good stuff. A kid from Tijuana doesnt get that very often.The House of Broken Angels is a celebration of the Mexican-American family, but it also includes moments of frustration with this countrys treatment of th
44、e immigrant group.Before he got too sick to work, Big Angel worked in an office and drank coffee from a cup that read BOSS. “Yeah, the employees all got the message,” Urrea writes. “The Mexican-American was calling himself their boss.” In a grocery store, a woman screams at two of his family members
45、 that theyll be kicked out of the country soon. “I had to bite down on the bitterness of my rage (愤怒), man!” Urrea says. “I was having some pretty serious response to Donald Trumps confusing and empty talk. But you know, it may have shocked a lot of the United States to hear this kind of empty talk
46、and this bald-faced racialism of politics all of a sudden, but to us, this stuff isnt a surprise.”“I really wanted to write a tribute to my brother, to my family and to us, but its also a love song to the country,” Urrea says. “I think people have this weird, horrible view that immigrants are evil s
47、nakes. People dont understand that immigration is truly a statement of love for this country, whatever the country represents. People want to be here and work.” And with persistence, they become the boss.9.Why did Urreas father give him the book The Godfather?A.He wanted Urrea to enjoy the 27-hour j
48、ourney.B.He thought the book had changed his own life.C.He tried to show Urrea a real case of criminals.D.He hoped Urrea would feel connected to Mexico.10.Urrea thought of Truman Capote because _.A.Capote was good at writing tiny booksB.Capotes books are about ChristmasC.he intended to write a memoi
49、rD.he liked reading Capotes books11.In the sentence “A kid from Tijuana doesnt get that very often.” “A kid” refers to _.A.Jim HarrisonB.Luis Alberto UrreaC.Truman CapoteD.Big Angel de la Cruz12.The House of Broken Angels mainly focuses on the novelists_.A.love for the Mexican-American familyB.life
50、in the Mexican-American peopleC.mixed feelings towards American peopleD.mature reflection on Mexican traditions【答案】9.D10.C11.B12.A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小说家Luis Alberto Urrea的小说破碎天使之家的灵感来源，和对墨西哥裔美国家庭的爱。9.推理判断题。由第一段中的“He was born in Tijuana to a Mexican father and a white American mother before moving just
51、 across the border and eventually into the San Diego suburbs.(他出生在提华纳，父亲是墨西哥人，母亲是美国白人，后来越过边界来到圣地亚哥郊区)”和“Along the way, his father gave him a paperback copy of The Godfather and told him it would change his life. “I dont think he was trying to make a case for us being criminals,” Urrea says. “But he
52、really felt this incredible connection to the family and the traditions and the honor for the old country, as people were making their way in the US. ”(一路上，父亲给了他一本平装本教父，并告诉他这将改变他的生活。“我不认为他试图证明我们是罪犯，”Urrea说。“但他真的感觉到了这种与家庭、传统和对这个古老国家的荣誉的不可思议的联系，因为人们在美国大行其道。”)”可知Urrea祖籍是墨西哥，Urrea父亲给的教父让作者感到了与墨西哥的联系，说明父
53、亲给书是希望Urrea能感受到与墨西哥的联系。故选D项。10.细节理解题。由第四段中的“He considered writing a memoir (回忆录) about it “I was thinking about Truman Capote, when he did those tiny books about Christmas and Thanksgiving.”(他考虑过写一本回忆录，“当他写关于圣诞节和感恩节的小册子时，我在想杜鲁门卡波特。”)”可知Urrea想到了Truman Capote，因为那时他打算写一本回忆录。故选C项。11.词句猜测题。由第一段中的“When th
54、e novelist Luis Alberto Urrea was 14 or 15, he took a trip deep into Mexico. He was born in Tijuana to a Mexican father and a white American mother before moving just across the border and eventually into the San Diego suburbs.(当小说家Luis Alberto Urrea 14或15岁时，他去了墨西哥的深处。他出生在提华纳，父亲是墨西哥人，母亲是美国白人，后来越过边界来
55、到圣地亚哥郊区)”和第五段中的“A kid from Tijuana doesnt get that very often.(提华纳的孩子不常从那里得到)”可知，Luis Alberto Urrea出生在提华纳，A kid代指Luis Alberto Urrea。故选B项。12.推理判断题。由倒数第三段“The House of Broken Angels is a celebration of the Mexican-American family, but it also includes moments of frustration with this countrys treatmen
56、t of the immigrant group.(破碎天使之家是对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的颂扬，但它也包含了对这个国家对待移民群体的失望时刻)”和最后一段中的“I really wanted to write a tribute to my brother, to my family and to us, but its also a love song to the country,” Urrea says.(“我真的很想为我的兄弟，我的家人和我们写一首颂歌，但这也是一首献给国家的情歌，”Urrea说。)”可知，Urrea在破碎天使之家写了对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的颂扬，也有失望的时刻，这是对墨西
57、哥裔美国人家庭的颂歌，也是情歌，说明破碎天使之家主要聚焦于小说家对墨西哥裔美国人家庭的爱。故选A项。4There is a lot of losing in sports. Only one team can win at a time, and only one champion escapes the season without tears. But that doesnt stop Americans from spending nearly $56 billion a year on sporting events. Is fandom(运动迷) worth it?At first
58、glance, the evidence isnt encouraging. Following a loss, fans are more likely than usual to eat unhealthy food, be unproductive at work, and in the case of the Super Bowl-die from heart disease. What about fans of the winning team? Well, they are more likely than other fans to suffer a postgame traf
59、fic fatality(死亡) if the score is close.Rival(竞争的) fanstreatment of one another is hardly more encouraging. A recent study found that fans experienced greater pleasure when watching a rival team fail. Fans in another study reported schadenfreude, a feeling of satisfaction, when reading about the inju
60、ry of a rival teams player, and gluckschmerz or unhappiness when later reading about the players unexpectedly speedy recovery.Yet a great deal of research shows that being a fan can also have positive effects. It can prevent depression and build a sense of belonging and self-worth-in case that the o
61、bject of ones devotion is a local team. Much of this is due to social bonds among fans, but not all- sports worship also provides fans with a number of skills at dealing with lifes emotional challenges. A landmark 1976 study found that after a win,fans were more likely than usual to wear clothes con
62、nected with the winning teams, and to claim credit for the teams success by describing the team as “we” instead of “they” in conversation.Along with schadenfreude and gluckschmerz, being a fan seems more than anything else to be a matter of managing responses to things that cannot control. Sports fa
63、ns tend to respond to reminders of death with optimism, and to remember victories much more clearly than defeats.13.Which of the following statement is especially true as for the winning sides fans?A.They might die from heart disease.B.They tend to live an unhealthy life.C.They can have good work ef
64、ficiency.D.They might have a traffic accident.14.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3?A.Rival fans usually hold bad or even extreme attitude to each other.B.Rival fans often fight with each other.C.Fans can face their rival team bravely.D.Fans never lose heart when facing their riva
65、l team.15.What did the 1976 study show?A.Being a fan could show great devotion to study.B.Being a fan could create a sense of belonging.C.Being a fan could develop a spirit of optimism.D.Being a fan could test social bonds.16.What is the best title for the text?A.How to be a fanB.What its like to be
66、 fanC.Being a fan can be good for youD.A fans emotional challenges【答案】13.D14.A15.B16.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国的“运动迷”现象，以及成为“运动迷”对粉丝们自身的好处。13.细节理解题。由文章的第二段倒数第二行“Well, they are more likely than other fans to suffer a postgame traffic fatality ” (他们比其他球迷更有可能遭遇赛后交通事故)得知，D “比起其他的球迷他们更可能会发生赛后交通事故”为正确选项。A. 他们可能
67、死于心脏病。B. 他们倾向于过不健康的生活。A, B都是失败一方会发生的事情。(由第二段第二句可知)。C. 他们在工作上表现得更好，文中没有提及，故选D。14.词句猜测题。本题问划线句子的意思，从后面 “A recent study found that fans experienced greater pleasure when watching a rival team fail. Fans in another study reported schadenfreude, a feeling of satisfaction, when reading about the injury of
68、 a rival teams player, and gluckschmerz or unhappiness when later reading about the players unexpectedly speedy recovery.” (最近的一项研究发现，球迷在观看对手的失败时会感受到更大的快乐。在另一项研究中，球迷们报告说，当看到对手球员受伤时，他们会感到幸灾乐祸，当看到对手球员意外迅速康复时，他们会感到不快。)可知，对手球迷通常对彼此持有恶劣甚至极端的态度。故选A。15.推理判断题。文章第四段 “A landmark 1976 study found that after a
69、win, fans were more likely than usual to wear clothes connected to the winning team, and to claim credit for the teams success by describing the team as “we” instead of “they” in conversation” (1976年一项具有里程碑意义的研究发现，粉丝们更可能穿获胜队的衣服，在和别人对话描述团队的成绩时用“我们” 而不是 “他们”，说明他们团队中找到了归属感，故选B。16.主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后一句 “Is f
70、andom(运动迷) worth it?” (成为一个运动迷是否值得？) 文中接着描述了球迷们的心态。根据倒数第二段“Yet a great deal of research shows that being a fan can also have positive effects. It can prevent depression and build a sense of belonging and self-worth”然而，大量研究表明，成为粉丝也会产生积极的影响。它可以防止抑郁，建立归属感和自我价值感。根据最后一段“Sports fans tend to respond to reminders of death with optimism, and to remember victories much more clearly than defeats.”体育迷们对死亡的回忆往往是乐观的，对胜利的记忆比失败的记忆要清楚得多。所以短文的最佳标题为“当粉丝对你有好处”。故选C。
