1、Section Learning about Language&Using Language课前 自主预习课堂 合作探究随堂 即时巩固课后限时训练原文呈现HIV/AIDS：ARE YOU AT RISK？HIV is a virus.A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.There are many different viruses,for example,the flu virus or the SARS virus.HIV weakens a persons immune system;that is,the p
2、art of the body that fights disease.You can have HIV in your blood for a long time,but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness is called AIDS.If you develop AIDS,your chances of survival are very small.阅读清障at risk 处境危
3、险；遭受危险HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)人体免疫缺损病毒(艾滋病病毒)SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)非典型性肺炎(严重急性呼吸道综合征)immune/Imjun/adj.有免疫力的so.that.意为“如此以至于”，that 引导结果状语从句。AIDS/eIdz/(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病(后天免疫缺损综合征)chances 此处指“某事发生的可能性”。The chance is.Chances are.，表示“有可能”。survival/svaIvl/n
4、.幸存课文译文HIV病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？HIV是一种病毒(人体免疫缺损病毒)。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。它有许多不同的种类，如流感病毒或SARS病毒。HIV病毒会削弱人体的免疫系统，也就是说，使人体抵抗疾病的免疫功能减弱。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的可能性很小。HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex.For a person to become infec
5、ted，blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus,has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS.Until that happens,you need to protect yourself.Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.fluid/fluId/n.流体；液体sex/seks/n.性；
6、性别infected adj.受感染的a cure for.治疗的方法you can do 是省略引导词 that 的定语从句，修饰 some things;you stay safe 是 make sure 的宾语从句。HIV病毒是通过血液或性交时产生的液体传播的。携带病毒的血液或性交时的液体必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒或艾滋病的方法。在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全：If you inject drugs：do not share your needle with any
7、one else.Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle.If a person has HIV and you use the same needle,you could inject the virus into your own blood.do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.Blood could have spilt on it.inject/Indekt/vt.注射injection/Indekn/n.注射
8、；注射剂needle/nidl/n.针；(注射器的)针头could/can have done 可能会，可能已经spill/spIl/(spilt，spilt)vi.溢出；洒落 vt.使溢出；使洒落假如你要注射药物：不要同别人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。如果某人有HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把病毒注入你的血液中。在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。假如你同一个男人或女人性交：If you have sex with a male or a female：use a condom.This will prevent sexua
9、l fluid passing from one person to another.The following statements are NOT true.A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex.WRONG.If one sexual partner has HIV,the other partner could become infected.male/meIl/adj.男性的；雄性的 n.男人；雄性动(植)物female/fimeIl/adj.女性的；雌性的 n.雌性的动(植)物；女人condom/kndm/n.避孕套
10、prevent.from doing sth.制止/防止做某事，在此 from 可以省略。但变为被动句时，from 不能省略。the first time they have sex 是时间状语从句，由 the first time 引导。the first time 意为“第一次的时候”。the second time,the last time,every time,each time 等名词词组均可起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的液体传入。下列这些说法都是错误的。初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。错了。如果性交的一方有HIV病毒，另一方就有可能被传染上。
11、You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.WRONG.Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.tell 此处表示“判断，辨别”。whether or not they have HIV 是宾语从句。现在分词短语 carrying HIV 作定语，修饰 many people。It is
12、only when.that.使用了强调句型，被强调部分为原句中的时间状语从句 only when.通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。许多HIV病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。Only homosexuals21 get AIDS.WRONG.Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus.Women are slightly more likely to22become infected than men.21 homosexu
13、al/hmsekl/n.同性恋 adj.同性恋的前缀 homo-(同样；相同)常构成名词、形容词或副词。who 引导的定语从句修饰 anyone，从句中过去分词短语 infected with.作 a person的后置定语。其中 anyone who.whoever.22 be likely to do 可能做If you hug.，you will get.。if 引导条件状语从句，在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒或艾滋病的人性交，他们就有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性
14、稍微大一些。If you hug,touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home,you will get HIV/AIDS.WRONG.You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid.Unfortunately,people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice23.Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from t
15、hose infected with HIV/AIDS.For the same reason,some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick.You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes.WRONG.There is no evidence of this.23 prejudice/preddIs/n.偏见；成见如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会感染上HIV病毒或感染上艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的液体传染上这种病。不幸的是，
16、由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从HIV病毒携带者或艾滋病患者那儿染上HIV病毒或感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。蚊子可以传染HIV病毒和艾滋病。错了。目前还没有证据说明这一点。课文阅读理解Step 1 Fast ReadingRead the passage quickly and finish the following questions.Scan the text and choose the main idea for each part.Part 1 AWays to protect yourself.Pa
17、rt 2 BSome wrong statements about AIDS.Part 3 CBackground information about HIV/AIDS.答案：Part 1：C Part 2：A Part 3：B.Skim the text and answer the following questions.1What is HIV?(no more than 15 words)答案：HIV is a virus，a small living thing leading people to disease.2What is AIDS?(no more than 20 word
18、s)答案：AIDS is a disease.The stage when HIV damages ones immune system iscalled AIDS.3What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?(no more than 15 words)答案：HIV is a virus，while AIDS is the stage of the illness caused by HIV.4How does HIV affect peoples health?(no more than 25 words)答案：HIV virus weaken
19、s a persons immune system and eventually itdamages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight againstdisease.Step 2 Careful ReadingRead the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question.1The word“homosexuals”means.Apeople only attracted by the same sexBpeople who don
20、t care about themselvesCpeople who are very sexyDpeople who often have sex答案：A2We can infer from the passage that.AHIV is equal to AIDSBHIV is different from AIDSCHIV weakens a persons immune systemDyou can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time答案：B3In order to stay safe，you.Ashould not use th
21、e needle someone else has usedBhave to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injectingdrugsCshould use a condom if you have sex with another oneDall of the above答案：DStep 3 Explain difficult sentences.1For a person to become infected，blood or sexual fluid that carries thevirus，has
22、to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection.分析：该句为复合句。在该句中主语是，其后跟了一个由引导的定语从句。“through broken skin or by injection”是由连接的两个并列的方式状语。译文：携带病毒的血液或性交时的液体必须通过皮肤上的伤口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。blood or sexual fluidthator2Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.分析：该句是一个倒装句。副词放于句首，句子应用完
23、全倒装，系动词置于主语some things之前。“you can do”为省略了引导词that的从句，修饰some things。stay在此处是一个系动词，意为“保持某种状态”，后跟形容词。译文：你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。hereare定语safe3It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins tolook sick.分析：该句是一个句。It is(was).that/who是强调结构，可以用来强调句子中除了外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。本句中被强调的部分是状
24、语“only when the disease has progressed to AIDS”。原句是：Aperson begins to look sick only when the disease has progressed to AIDS.look在此处是一个系动词，后跟形容词sick。译文：只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。强调谓语时间1in spite of 不顾；不管(教材P20)In spite of all his efforts he failed.尽管他很努力，但还是失败了。归纳拓展(1)in spite of与despite同义，常可换用。in spite
25、 of为普通用语，despite多用于书面语言，despite不与of连用(2)in spite of/despite the fact that.(同位语从句)“尽管”(3)although/though也是“尽管；不管；不顾”的意思，但用作从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。in spite of/despiten.although/though从句In spite of/Despite her good salary,she measured out every dollar needed forhousehold expenses.她的工资尽管不错，但在家务开支上每一美元她也要算一算。doc
26、tors have warned that smoking does harm tohealth,people still keep on smoking.尽管医生已经警告说吸烟有害健康，人们还是继续吸烟。In spite of/Despite the fact that it cost much，we took every measure to save theold mans life.Although/Though it cost much,we took every measure to save the old mans life.尽管花费很高，但我们依然采取一切措施抢救这位老人。I
27、n spite of/Despite the fact that2take risks/a risk 冒险(教材P20)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.他觉得每一步都得做出决定而不是冒险。【高考典句】By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them gettinghit by a car.游客给小马驹喂食，会增加它们被车撞到的风险【高考典句】Sometimes we decide that a little unnec
28、essary danger is worth itbecause when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth taking.有时我们认定冒一点不必要的危险是值得的，因为当我们权衡风险和回报时发现，这个风险好像值得去冒。归纳拓展(1)take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事take risks/a risk to do sth.冒险做某事at risk 有风险at the risk of.冒着风险(2)risk doing sth.冒险做某事risk ones life to do sth.
29、冒着某人的生命危险做某事(3)risky adj.有风险的Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks while womenresponded in the opposite way.男性在压力下更容易冒险，然而女性却完全相反。It is not worthwhile to take the riskoffending your boss just to get such asmall sum of money.仅仅是为拿到那一点钱就去冒险触怒老板，不值得。ofYour health might bedue to much smoki
30、ng.由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。He got wellprepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk(lose)thegood opportunity.他为面试做了充分的准备，因为他不想冒险失去这个好机会。at risklosing3get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)(教材P20)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into thehabit in the first place!当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯。归纳
31、拓展(1)get into/form the habit of 养成的习惯get into trouble 陷入麻烦/困境get into debt 借债，负债get into difficulties 陷入困境(2)get across(使)通过；(使)被理解；把()讲清楚get along 进展；相处get away 逃脱；离开get down to 认真工作get over 爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈get through 穿越(马路)；通过；接通电话；经历Ive got into/formed the habit of reading English aloud in the morn
32、ing.我已经养成了早上大声朗读英语的习惯。Innocent people get into trouble on account of others misfortune.城门失火，殃及池鱼。I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible.我想出了一种能言简意赅地表达自己意思的方法。It took me a very long time to getthe shock of her death.得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已，很长时间才缓过劲来。A smile can help u
33、s getdifficult situations and find friends in a world ofstrangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。throughover4survival n幸存，存活；幸存者，幸存的事物(教材P22)If you develop AIDS,your chances of survival are very small.如果你得了艾滋病，幸存的可能性很小。【高考典句】He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched onTV.他想到他在电视上看到的所有的生存类节目。
34、归纳拓展(1)fight for survival 为生存而奋斗survival U n.幸存(2)survive v.幸存；仍然存在survive sth.经历某事仍然存在survive on sth.靠某物继续维持生活survive sb.by 比某人多活(3)survivor C n.生存者；幸存者谚Natural selection and survival of the fittest.物竞天择，适者生存。Only a few soldiers survived the battle.只有几个士兵在战斗中存活下来。They canvery little money.他们用很少的钱就可
35、以生存。The only(survive)of the crash was a little boy.这次撞车事故的唯一幸存者是一个小男孩。Having survived that night,we were confident that everything else would be all right.熬过了那天晚上，我们相信其他方面也会没问题的。survive onsurvivor5judgement n.看法；判决；判断(教材P23)Before you read this text,what judgements did you make aboutpeople with HIV/
36、AIDS?在你读这篇文章前，你对患有艾滋病的人有怎样的看法？归纳拓展(1)in ones judgement 按照某人的判断make a judgement on/about 对做出判断pass judgement on 对宣判show good judgement in 在某方面表现出很好的判断力judgement against sb.对某人不利的判决judgement for 裁定胜诉的判决(2)judge v.判断，断定judge sb./sth.对某人/某事做判断judge that/whclause 判断，认为judge it(to be)adj./n.认为是judging fro
37、m/by.根据来判断(作插入语)温馨提示judge by/from作状语时常用judging by/from。Judging by/from his appearance and accent,the man must be from thesouth.根据外貌和口音判断，这个男子一定来自南方。In my judgement,we should accept their apology.依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。He refused to make a judgement about the situation.他拒绝对形势做出评价。He passed judgement on the
38、guilty man.他对那个罪犯做出了裁决。Her decision seems toa lack of political.她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。showjudgement6embarrassed adj.尴尬的，窘迫的；陷入困境的(教材P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt embarrassed and awkward.然后，她递给我一支烟，我感到如此尴尬和局促不安。归纳拓展(1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth.尴尬于做某事be/feel embarrassedabout/at sth.因为某
39、事而尴尬(2)embarrass vt.使难堪，使局促不安(3)embarrassing adj.令人难堪的(4)embarrassment n.难堪，困窘to ones embarrassment 使某人难堪的是Laura did not like to admit that she was embarrassed by her sister.劳拉不想承认自己被姐姐弄得很难堪。They weresomeone to help.他们觉得太难为情了，所以没有请人帮忙。I felt so embarrassed about my mistake.我为自己的错误感到不好意思。too embarras
40、sed to ask易混辨析 embarrassed/embarrassingembarrassedadj.尴尬的，陷入困境的，修饰人embarrassingadj.令人难堪的，修饰事物Ive never felt soin my life.在我的一生中我从未感到如此尴尬。It can beto have a child say what he does not want to.要一个孩子说他不愿意说的东西令人尴尬。embarrassedembarrassing7awkward adj.局促不安的；笨拙的(教材P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I
41、felt embarrassed and awkward.然后，她递给我一支烟，我感到如此尴尬和局促不安。I felt rather awkward in such a formal party.在这样一个正式的聚会上，我感到非常局促不安。Swans are surprisingly awkward on land.天鹅在陆地上笨得出奇。Dont ask such awkward questions.不要问如此不好回答的问题。It is awkward to discuss such matters in public.公开讨论这些问题是很尴尬的。1(教材P22)You can have HI
42、V in your blood for a long time,but eventuallyHIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longerfight disease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。本句中so.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。(1)so.that.引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：soadj./adv.that.soadj.a/an可数名词单数that.somany/much/few/littlen.
43、that.(2)such.that.也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：sucha/anadj.可数名词单数that.suchadj.复数名词/不可数名词that.He wassweat began to pour down his face.他很着急，汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤，以至于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。It isfine weather that I have decided to go outing with my friends.天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊
44、游。so worried thatsuch温馨提示so.that.或such.that.句式中，有时候会把so.或such.部分提到句首，主句用部分倒装语序。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。2(教材P22)It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person beginsto look sick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是
45、only when the disease has progressed to AIDS，在句中作状语。强调句型It is被强调部分that/who强调句的一般疑问句把is/was提前，即：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？强调句的特殊疑问句特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？not.until的强调句It was/is not until.that.It is only when we get ill that we begin to realize how important it is to keephealthy.只有当我们生病的时候才开始认识到保持健康的重
46、要性。Who was itbroke the window?是谁打碎的窗子？It was not until he came back from Africa that yearhe met the girlhe would like to marry.直到那年他从非洲回来他才遇到他想与之结婚的女孩。thatthat.品句填词1Because of the economic crisis,some small companies are having to fightfor.2Alfred felt veryat being the centre of attention.3It isto s
47、ell tobacco to children under 16.4At a formal party I usually feel veryand out of place.5Frank showed good(判断)in deciding not to invest inthe project.survivalembarrassedillegalawkwardjudgement6If a woman has an(流产),she ends her pregnancy deliberatelyso that the baby is not born alive.7All the(女性的)wo
48、rkers in this factory got a present on March8th.8He has to take(药片)to control his blood pressure.abortionfemalepills.单句语法填空1Life became a struggle for(survive)2spite of these difficulties,I believe practice makes perfect.3Once you getthe habit,you will find it hard to get rid of it.4Some women are t
49、oo(embarrass)to consult their doctorabout the problem.5India attained independence in 1947,afterlong struggle.6The young man risked(knock)down to take the child onthe busy road to safety.survivalInintoembarrassedabeing knocked7It is(legal)to drive after drinking.8While people may refer to television
50、 for uptodate news,it is(like)that television will replace the newspaper completely.9Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands510 years.10Who is making such a noise?must be the children.illegalunlikelybyIt.句式升级/句型转换1The boy was addicted to computer games，and he didnt want t
51、o study.,and he didnt want to study.(addict),the boy didnt want to study.(形容词短语作状语)，the boy didnt want to study.(现在分词短语作状语)2Ithe door.Im absolutely sure.(对画线部分进行强调)3How many of you feel like having something like that?How many of you would likesomething like that?The boy addicted himself to computer
52、 gamesAddicted to computer gamesAddicting himself to computer gameslockedI did lock the door.Im absolutely sure.to have.微写作【写作素材】(关于毒品)1现在有些青少年滥用毒品。2那些吸毒上瘾的人，很难活下来。3他们会感到不安、可耻、失望甚至绝望。4他们想戒毒，但是效果不好。5他们感到巨大的压力，需要帮助。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)参考范文Nowadays some adolescents abuse drugs.Those who are addicted todrugs can hardly survive.They feel embarrassed,ashamed,disappointed and even desperate.They want to quit,but it has little effect.They feel greatly stressed and need help.课后 限时训练
