1、语法复习系列动词时态和语态1.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.He is writing a letter now.3.They will watch the sports meeting next week.4.He met Mary in the park yesterday.5.He had read five books before I visited him.6.You have won six gold medals already.7.They will be watching TV tomorrow morning.8
2、.I have been doing my homework since this morning,but I havent finished it.9.Tom was holding a party at 8 oclock last night.10.I will have studied for four years by the end of next year.do/doesdidwill+doam/is/are+doingwas/were+doingwill be+doinghave/has+donehad+donewill+have done一般现在时v He looks tire
3、d.v The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.v Practice makes perfect.v They usually come to school earlier.v When he comes,well go out to meet him.v Class begins at eight every morning.一.一般现在时态：(do/does/am/is/are)1.一般用法:1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every,on Sundays,sometimes,often,usual
4、ly,always.He often goes to the cinema.2表示现在的能力、特征、职业，爱好,状态，感觉等。He sings well.（能力）/I am a student.3表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实。此种用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Knowledge is power.（客观真理）The teacher told me that the earth goes around the sun.2.特别用法:1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来Ill writ
5、e to her when I have time.She will come if he comes.2让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来。No matter where you go,I will go with you.Next time Ill do as he says.3表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,仅限于go,come,leave,start,open,take off,stay,return,begin等,通常有明确将来时间.The train leaves at 12:00.1.Months ago we sailed ten th
6、ousand miles across the open sea,which _(call)the Pacific,and we met no storm.（辽宁卷）2.What would you do if it _(rain)tomorrow?We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.（全国卷）rains is called 3.-When will the train be off?-It _(leave)at 3:15 p.m.leaves二.一般过去时态（did/was/were）:1.基本用法:1表示过去发生的动
7、作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982.He bought the computer five years ago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。We often played together when we were children.3)表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,used to.He used to go to work by bus.2.特别用法:1）在条件、时间，让步状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。They said they would let us know
8、 if they heard any news about him.Mother said she would wait for me until I cameback.Mary told me that she would love Tom no matter who he was.2)事情的发生时间没有表明，但实际上发生在过去，用一般过去时。Hi，Jack!I didnt know you are in Beijing.1.The teacher told us that before we _(leave),we would turn off the light.2.My father
9、is a retired teacher,and he _(teach)Cinese for 25 years.lefttaught3.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）-Well,it _(not be)me.4.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _(promise)!wasnt promised三.一般将来时（will/shalldo）:1.will（1）表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事-You forget to close the door.-Oh,Ill
10、close it at once.（2）表示将来可能会出现的动作或状态。I will be free tonight.我今晚可能有空。（3）表示自然而然的情况。I will/shall be twenty next year.2.be going to do，表示将来。a.现在打算或计划将来要做的事。What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算做什么呢？They are going to visit the Great Wall.他们打算去游长城。b.根据某种迹象认为在最近要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds，there is going
11、to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。3.be to do按计划或安排（会议，报告，音乐会等）将发生的事;命令，职责，义务；命中注定的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.No one is to leave the room without permission.Her plan is to be a failure.她的计划注定是要失败的。4.be about to do，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow
12、,next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。be about to do when 正要做某事，突然be on the point of doing when5.现在进行时也可以表示安排、计划好要发生的动作，常用的动词有come,go,leave,start begin,arrive,return.He is leaving for Beijing next week.他下周去北京6.一般现在时也可以表示将来，指严格按照计划的动作，go,come,leave,start,arrive,take off 如飞机起飞，火车进站，开会，上课，要有准确的时间状语。The meeting sta
13、rts at 5:00 pm.The plane takes off at 7:00 pm.1.判断正误Tomorrow will be the 28th of August.Tomorrow is going to be the 28th of August.2.Please turn off your cellphone,the plane _.A.takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.will take off3.Please fill the form,and we _ what we can do for you.A.see B.ar
14、e seeing C.will see D.are to seeTF四.现在进行时（am/is/aredoing）:1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。We are having a meeting now.My nother is cooking in the kitchen.2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。He is teaching Maths in a school.He is translating a book.3.现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作(同一般将来时第5点）Im leaving tomorrow.4
15、.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩.She is always helping others.They are always bothering me with tiny things5.表示渐变过程He is becoming more and more handsome.Our school is getting better and better.6.am/is/are doing when正在做突然 I am walking along the road when a dog comes
16、 to me.五、过去进行时（was/were+doing）1.表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。I was doing my homework this time last e,go,leave等动词的过去进行时表示过去将来。He said that the train was leaving the station.3.与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩.4.was/were doing when I was doing my homgwork when the power was off.
17、1.You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh,I _(wait)for a friend from England at the airport.2.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?-No,sir.I _(read)newspaper.was waiting was reading六.现在完成时（have/hasdone）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果，常与already,ever,never,just,yet,stillHe h
18、as already left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市）Someone has broken the window.（结果:窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束We have studied English for 5 years.2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since接时间状语从句（从句中用一般过去时）”主句中用现在完成时句子中有for+一段时间，用现在完成时I havent seen her since last week.They have worked together since the
19、y graduated from university.We have known each other for 4 years.The meeting has started for 2 hours.(F)I havent come for 4 years.(T)2句中有so far,up to now/until now，ever since(从那时起)in/over/during the past/last+数量词+years/months/weeks/days 在最近几年/月/周/天如：in the past 4 years by+现在时间We have got 20000 yuan
20、so far.The price has increased in the last 3 years.They have covered 400 miles by now.3用于从句中，强调从句的动作先于主句动作。After she has finished her homework,she goes home happily.I realise I have forgot my key at home.He has been to Beijing.去过，已经回来了He has gone to Beijing.去了，还没有回来4It/This/That is the first（second/
21、third）timethat 从句(have done)”It/This/That is the onlythat 从句(have done)It/This/That is the 最高级 that 从句(have done)This is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.It is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（注:以上句型把is改为was
22、,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）(1)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,comeB.even,have comeC.ever,comeD.ever,have come(2)They _ the club in 2007 and they _ the club for 10 years.A.joined,have joined B.joined,have been in B.were joined,are D.joined,areDB七.现在完成进行时（have/has been
23、 doing）1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止It has been raining since two days ago.I have been studying hard since I came here.Im tired out.I _(shop)all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.have been shopping八.过去完成时（had done）1.表示过去的过去时间状语before,until,when,after,once by（the end
24、of)/by the time 过去时间,时间是“过去的过去”。(1)We had cleaned the classroom before they came in.(2)After they had quarreled with each other,they broke up.(3)She had got 6 gold medals by the end of last year.3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1It/This/That was the first（second/third）timethat 从句（had done）It/This/That was the onlyth
25、at从句(had done)It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句It was the first time that I had met him.That was the only person she had loved.3no sooner than ;hardly/scarcely when 一就He had no sooner gone to the gardenthan his son went to play with his classmates.他 一去花园，他的儿子就和同班同学玩。No sooner had he gone to the garden
26、than his son went to play with his classmatesShe had hardly heard the news when she cried她一听到这个消息，她就哭了。Hardly had she heard the news when she cried.他一参加考试，就感到很紧张。He had hardly/scarcely taken the exam when he felt nervous.He had no sooner taken the exam than he feltnervous.七.将来完成时（will/shallhave done
27、）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作.When we get there,she will have finished work.2.by（the end of）将来时间We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term.By the time he comes back,we will have repaired the machine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来Ill go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你
28、去。现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：1)一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。Ive lived here for ten years.（现在仍住在这儿）I lived here for ten years.（现在不确定是否住在这儿）He has bought a house.（现在已拥有这房子）He bought a house.（现在拥不拥有这房子不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系
29、，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。Where _the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.I _ it right here.But now its gone (put)have you put;put2.Peter,where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_(be)busy with our work for months,so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.3.When I got on the bus,I _(r
30、ealize)I had left my wallet at home.had been realized3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。I read a b
31、ook last night.I have read a book for 2 hours.1.She is called Marry.2.The river was polluted last year.3.The river will be polluted if we build a factory near it.4.The house is being built now.5.The house was being built in June last year.7.The work has been finished so far.8.The work had been finis
32、hed before we left.9.The work will have been finished by the end of next week.am/is/are+donewas/were+done will be+doneam/is/are being+donewas/were being+donehave/has been+donehad been+donewill+have been doneam/is/are+done一般现在时被动语态。am/is/are+done1.The new word is taught at school.2.Tom is loved by hi
33、s parents.3.These place are visited by many visitors every year.4.I am often cheated by fake advertisement.他被认为是最伟大的科学家。He is referred to as/considered as the greatest scientist.一般过去时被动 语态 was/were+done1.I was bit by him just now.2.The singer was admired by many people when he was famous.3.All of th
34、ese book were written by Mark Twain.这个通知是昨天被一个学生张贴的。The notice was put up by a student yesterday.一般将来时被动语态 will be done1.The car will be repaired tomorrow.2.The picture will be drawn in two hours.3.We will be admitted to famous universities next year.这个事情明天将会被记者报道。This event will be covered by repor
35、ters tomorrow.4.现在进行时被动语态am/is/are being+done 1.The classroom is being cleaned now.2.The song is being sung by the super star.3.The plants are being planted now.我们的建议现在正在被讨论。Our suggestion is being discussed now。5.过去进行时被动语态was/were being+done.1.The clothes were being washed by mother at 9 last night
36、.2.This shirt was being tried on by a girl this time yesterday.昨天下午六点，他正在受惩罚。He was being punished at 6 pm.yesterday.6.现在完成时被动语态have/has been done1.The news has been given away.2.The missing boy has been found so far.3.They have been invited to the party.这些经历已经被我们遗忘了。These experiences have already b
37、een forgot by us.7.过去完成时被动语态 had been done1.I had been told the news before I came here.2.We had been taken to the USA before we ertered the university.昨天，在我们参加比赛之前，我们已经被采访过了。We had been interviewed before we took part in the competition yesterday.8.将来完成时的被动语态will have been done1.The work will have
38、been finished by 7 oclock.2.The ID will have been checked before people get into the hotel room.在明年结束前，这部小说会被卖完。This novel will have been sold out by the end of next year.1.A lot of trees _(plant)since 1990.2.The river _(pollute)before the president got there.3.Large farms_(abandon)next year.4.Large
39、 quantities of glasses _(produce)by the company last month.5.The book _(translate)now.have been plantedhad been pollutedwill be abandonedwere producedis being translated1.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语give+me(间宾)+a book（直宾）(=give a book to me)ask,bring,buy(for),give,hand,lend,pass,pay,return,sell,send,show,tell,write
40、He gives me a book.I am given a book by him.A book is given to me by him.2.动词+宾语+宾语补足语let，see，watch，make，hear，help，findfeel，want，keep，call，tell，ask，thinkWe call him(宾语)Jack（宾补）He is called Jack.有些动词在主动语态中后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，在改为被动语态时，不定式to不能省略。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all
41、day long(by the boss)They watch her play basketball.She is watched to play basketball.3.短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”（短语中的介词或副词不能丢）The mother looked after the baby last night.The baby was look after by the mother last night.We refer to the book.The book is referred to(by us）4.主动形式表示被动意义（1）.表示主语特征、状态的动词wash,cle
42、an,cook,cut,read,wear,draw,write,sell等。The book sells well.这本书销路好。The clothes wash easily.这衣服很好洗。（2）.在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.4.主动形式表示被动意义（3）.在need,require,want,be worth（形容词）,deserve后,用-ing表示被动，例如：The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.门该修了。（4）.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent/l et（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如：I was to blame for the accident.我该为事故而受指责。The house is to let/tent.（5）.用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。I have something to tell you.She has so much work to do.
