1、Unit 5 EducationLesson 2&Lesson 3词汇知识自主学习.根据首字母或汉语意思写出正确的单词1.The companys main _(目标)is to maximize profits.2.Their efforts helped the villages _(获得)their wealth.3.She came to England to _(追求)an acting career.4.Environmentalists made some _(批评的)comments on the citys pollution.5.His work offers an _(洞
2、察力)into an alien culture.6.It is necessary for parents to _(教育)their children properly.objectivegainpursuecriticalinsighteducate7.They _(捐献)food and clothing for the refugees.8.The _(周围的)villages have been absorbed into the growing city.9.I respect his _(判断)and Ill follow any advice he gives me.10.D
3、ue to _(情况)beyond our control,the lecture was cancelled.11.They drew different c_ from the facts.12.Our teacher has a high degree of r_.13.Its o_ that he doesnt like the movie at all.14.This problem is w_ to be considered by all.contributedsurroundingjudgementcircumstancesonclusionsesponsibilitybvio
4、usorthy15.The constitution of a p_ society is not necessarily simple.16.His parents didnt a_ of his going abroad alone.17.Despite some difficulties,theyre not going to a_ the plan.18.He u_ his teammates to carry out the plan as soon as possible.19.The theory is based on a series of wrong a_.20.We us
5、ually o_ our success to our parents.21.I am interested in reading books about ancient c_.22.You can use it to make more b_ choices in your life.rimitivepprovebandonrgedssumptionsweivilisationseneficial.选用恰当的短语完成句子1.We all study hard,_a better future.2._,Id like to introduce you a new way to solve th
6、e problem you are facing.3.The poor boy _being laughed at.to start with,be used to,instead of,put forward,feel like,put.in prison,at times,be known as,in other words,fight forfighting forTo start withwas used to4.Well discuss how to solve the problem _sitting around,doing nothing.5.The proposal _at
7、the meeting was useful.6.They _the farmer _without convincing evidence.7.We are all busy._,none of us can go to the movies.8.He _that he has never been to such a place.9.I like her,even though she can be annoying _.10.Were sure youll _an artist.instead ofput forwardputin prisonIn other wordsfeels li
8、keat timesbe known as.翻译句子1.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding._2.To find answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts._3.At first,people approved of his studies and urged him to continue,but later when he proved Aristotle wrong,they grew angry and put him
9、in prison.起初,人们赞成他的研究并敦促他继续下去,_现在,我们如何获取知识和理解好像是显而易见的。为了找到答案,我们观察周围的世界并研究客观事实。但后来当他证明亚里士多德是错的时,人们非常生气并把他关进了监狱。4.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times._但他有时候也会出错。但是尽管亚里士多德是一个伟人,激励了后来许多的科学家和哲学家们,阅读精析合作学习 Task 1 框架宏
10、观建构:整体理解1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.Paragraph 1:The way we acquire(1)_.Paragraphs 2、3:The early ideas about(2)_and the reason why people chose to believe the primitive ideas.Paragraphs 4、5:(3)_the great men made to our understanding of the world.knowledge and understandingthe way to ga
11、in knowledgeThe contributions2.Whats the main idea of the passage?The passage is mainly about the way we acquire knowledge and _.the process weexplore our understanding of the world Task 2 文本微观剖析:细节探究1.Choose the best answer.(1)How are most people used to getting the information?A.By asking question
12、s.B.By doing experiments.C.By searching online.D.By consulting documents.(2)Who proved the theory that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”?A.AristotleB.Galileo GalileiC.Francis BaconD.King James(3)Why did people choose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years ago?A.Because they were pu
13、t forward by Aristotle.B.Because Galileo was punished by the church.C.Because the Earth was standing still.D.Because they were supported by the government.(4)Why were people angry with Galileo?A.Because his ideas were wrong.B.Because he proved Aristotle wrong.C.Because he was against the church.D.Be
14、cause Francis Bacon disagreed with him.(5)What mistake did Galileo make?A.He thought the Earth was the centre of the universe.B.He thought people should acquire knowledge by analyzing questions.C.He approved of people challenging Aristotles theories.D.He believed the Earth moved round the sun in a p
15、erfect circle.答案:(1)(5)CBABD2.Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.We usually acquire knowledge and understanding by(1)_ questions,(2)_ questions and the(3)_ them to find the right answers.But in the 17th century,this type of thinking was(4)_ the views of the day.Because people believed more in
16、 the(5)_ than in the facts.For example,when Galileo challenged what people had always believed and proved the ideas put forward by(6)_ wrong,he was put in(7)_.However,thanks to the(8)_ made by people like Galileo,our understanding of the world is continuously(9)_ and(10)_.askingansweringtestingagain
17、stchurchAristotleprisoncontributionsgrowingchanging3.Long sentence analysis.(1)People(主语)like Galileo Galilei(定语)(15641642),who proved the idea(定语从句)that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”(同位语从句),were often punished(谓语)by the church with no one coming to their defence(状语).译 文:_ 也 经 常受到教会的惩
18、罚,却没有人为他们辩护。像伽利略这样证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”的理论的人们(2)It(主语)is not(系动词)surprising(表语)that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas(主语从句)as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(原因状语从句).译文:人们愿意相信这些原始的理论,_因为它们是由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。这一点并不奇怪。Task 3 阅读思维升华:主题实践1.What do you think of people lik
19、e Aristotle and Galileo?(Critical Thinking批判性思维)_2.What should you do as a student in acquiring knowledge?(Creative Thinking创造性思维)_They were great men in history.It was the contributions they made that got ourunderstanding of the world to improve.As students,we should acquire knowledge in a scientif
20、ic way.First,askquestions;Second,analyse questions;Finally,find the right answers.1.acquisition n.获得,习得*Life is a process about the acquisition of knowledge,wealth and happiness.生命就是一个获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。*It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than to acquire knowledge.传授知识与获得知识同样不容易。要点精研探究学习【词块积累】ac
21、quire vt.获得,得到,取得acquire knowledge获得知识【即学活用】用acquire的恰当形式填空(1)They exchange ideas and feelings with each other,through which they probably _more knowledge.(2)While studying abroad,the young man _a taste for western art.(3)He devotes his time to the _of knowledge.acquireacquiredacquisition2.contribut
22、e vi.&vt.奉献,捐献*(2020天津高考)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它可能会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。*Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们不是说每个人都需要为穷人奉献他们的生命。*Alan has made an immense contribution to the sport.艾伦为这项体育运动作出
23、了巨大贡献。【词块积累】(1)contribute.to.把捐献给contribute to贡献;有助于;投稿给;导致;捐款(2)contribution n.贡献;捐助物;投稿;捐赠;奉献【巧学助记】图解contribute多重含义【即学活用】(1)语法填空The success of Jiaolong deep diving submersible made great _(contribute)to the exploration of sea.(2)_,please send me your article before the deadline.如果你想给我们报社投稿,请在截止日期前
24、把你的文章发给我。contributionsIf you want to contribute to our newspaper(3)Many people _the poor boy,which _his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and _.许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款,使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并投稿给报社。contributed money tocontributed tocontributed it to anewspaper3.expose vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露*(2
25、020全国卷)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.工程师们也正在努力研发一种开关,当光线接触到日光的时候,就会变弱。*The more birds are exposed to light,the more active they are at night.鸟儿在夜间接触的灯光越多,它们就越活跃。*Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.
26、身体受烈日暴晒会造成伤害。【词块积累】(1)expose.to.使暴露于/面临/接触expose sb.to.让某人接触;使某人暴露于expose sb.as.揭露某人为(2)exposed adj.无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的;易受攻击的(be)exposed to暴露于(3)exposure n.暴露,揭露;报道;曝光【巧学助记】【即学活用】语法填空(1)We can expose our children _the best values we have found.(2)Klaus von Bulow was exposed _a liar and a cheat.(3)_(expose)t
27、o various cuisines from around the world,I am becoming more knowledgeable about the art of cooking.(4)Her new movie has had a lot of _(expose)in the media.toasExposedexposure4.surrounding adj.四周的,附近的*Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.周围的农田渐渐变成了住宅区。*(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mi
28、sts rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.当他看到雾霭从河上升起,云朵环绕着山顶,他流泪了。*We will spare no expense to protect our surroundings from being polluted.我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的环境不受污染。【词块积累】(1)surround vt.&vi.包围;围绕surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.用某人/某物包围某人/某物be sur
29、rounded by/with sb./sth.被某人/某物包围(2)surroundings n.周围的事物;环境【即学活用】(1)语法填空When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded _ soldiers soon.The _(surround)neighborhood fell into silence.(2)Only in this way _.只有这样,我们才能生活在更加舒适优美的环境中。(3)Make sure the people _are supportive.确保你周围的人都是支持你的。by/withsur
30、roundingcan we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundingsyou surround yourself with5.judgment n.判断力;意见,评价;判决*(2020新高考全国卷)His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.他的判断和文化参考资料以及易吃坏的胃都绝对是美式的。*I am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is ri
31、ght or wrong.我无权评判她在做的事是对或是错。*Judging from the number of the cars,there were not many people in the club yet.从车的数量来判断,俱乐部里还没有多少人。【词块积累】(1)judge n.裁判,法官vt.评判;判断;审判,判决judge.by/from根据判断judging by/from 根据判断(2)in ones judgment在看来;经判断【即学活用】语法填空(1)Judging _what he said,his request was reasonable.(2)_ my ju
32、dgment,theyve got nothing to worry about.(3)They are to be _(judge)at the sports meeting.by/fromInjudges6.circumstance n.境况,状况;情况,情形*Provided that circumstances permit,we shall hold the meeting next week.只要情况允许,我们下周将举行会议。*You must not touch this switch under any circumstances.任何情况下你都不要碰这个开关。【词块积累】un
33、der/in.circumstances 在情况下under/in no circumstances无论如何不;决不under/in the circumstances在这种情况下【即学活用】翻译句子(1)在任何情况下我都不会同意他的提议。_(2)目前只对我们开放了三门课程。_Under no circumstances will I agree with his proposal.Under the circumstances only three courses are open to us.7.conclusion n.结论*(2020天津高考)This led Jones to the
34、 conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community,who are easy targets of cheating.这就使琼斯得出了结论:在他的社区有太多极度孤独的人,他们很容易成为行骗的目标。*The manager made a conclusion that there were limitations to their project.经理得出结论,他们的项目受到限制。*We are able to conclude that he must have consulted some
35、experts before he began to write the essay.我们可以断定他在写这篇论文前一定咨询了一些专家。【词块积累】(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论make a conclusion下结论in conclusion(=to conclude)最后(一句话)(2)conclude v.推断出;推论出;结束conclude.with.用结束【即学活用】(1)语法填空_ conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
36、(2)We _that he is against our plan.我们得出的结论是他反对我们的计划。(3)She _,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”她用一句谚语结束了她的演讲:“有志者,事竟成。”Income to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusionconcluded her speech with a saying8.responsibility n.责任*Its her friendliness and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her.
37、正是她的友善和责任感令我敬佩她。*Its my responsibility to look after my younger sister when my parents are away.当我的父母不在时,照顾我的妹妹是我的责任。*As a member of the society,I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.作为社会的一员,我意识到负责任就是做需要做的事来创造一个更好的社会。【词块积累】(1)bear/take(the)responsibility for 承担对
38、的责任,为负责a sense of responsibility 责任感have the responsibility for 对有责任,对负责(2)responsible adj.有责任的,应负责任的be responsible for应对负责,对有责任【即学活用】(1)语法填空Nobody will take/bear the _(responsible)for the terrible mess in the company.There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible _ disease.(2)If you s
39、erve the community,you will grow up to be a good citizen with _(强烈的责任感).responsibilityfora strongsense of responsibility9.worthy adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的*His true interest was not the day-to-day,slow and inefficient working style of the government,but the worthy search for knowledge.他真正感兴趣的不是政府部门日复一日、缓慢、低效的工作
40、方式,而是对知识的有价值的探索。*Although the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.尽管这项工作花费了大量的时间,但是大多数学生认为这次经历值得。*I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.我认为澄清这件事是值得的。【词块积累】表示值得做某事的常用句式:(1)be worth(doing)sth.(2)be worthy of sth./being donebe worthy to
41、 be done(3)It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.【名师点津】worth通常只用作表语;worthy可以用作表语,也可以修饰名词作定语;worthwhile通常用于it作形式主语的句子中。【即学活用】一句多译他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。His suggestion put forward at the conference _.=His suggestion put forward at the conference _.=His suggestion put forward at the conference _.=It is worthwh
42、ile _his suggestion put forward at the conference.is worth consideringis worthy of being consideredis worthy to be consideredto consider/considering10.put forward提出,推荐;(使)提前,拨快*The government has put forward a series of policies and measures to ensure the improvement in living standards.政府提出了一系列政策措施
43、,确保人民生活水平有所提高。*This meal is my treat,so put your money away.这顿饭我请客,你把钱收起来吧。*The football match was put off because of the storm.由于暴风雨,足球赛被推迟了。*He put on his glasses to read the newspaper.他戴上眼镜读报纸。*Remember to put out the light before going out.出门前记得把灯关上。【词块积累】put away 收起来put down放下,写下put off推迟,延期put
44、 on穿上,上演put out 扑灭;生产;出版put through使通过,使经历,接通电话put up举起,修建,张贴【即学活用】用恰当的介、副词填空(1)The police put him _a severe examination.(2)Are you serious in putting _such a view?(3)They asked for the proposal to be put _on paper.(4)The names of the candidates will be put _on the college notice board.throughforwar
45、ddownup11.approve vt.赞成;赞许;批准*I approve of your trying to make some money,but please dont neglect your studies.我赞成你设法赚些钱,但请不要荒废你的学业。*Our boss approved our plan to investigate the market.老板同意了我们调查市场的计划。*His plan was well prepared that it gained the managers approval.他的计划准备得很充分,得到了经理的赞同。【词块积累】(1)appro
46、ve of 赞成,赞许approve of sb.doing sth.同意某人做某事(2)approval n.赞成;批准meet with ones approval 得到某人的同意【名师点津】approve的不同用法(1)approve表示“赞成;同意”时,是不及物动词,若后接宾语,要用approve of(doing)sth.。(2)表示“赞成某人做某事”时,用approve of sb.s doing sth.。【即学活用】(1)语法填空She would never do anything that was not approved _by her parents.He showed
47、 his _(approve)by smiling.(2)Her parents did not _.她的父母不赞成她的决定。ofapprovalapprove of her decision12.urge vt.强烈要求;敦促*Father urged that I(should)apologize to my English teacher.父亲敦促我向英语老师道歉。*Although the price of the washing machine was beyond our range,she kept urgingus to have a look at least.虽然洗衣机的价
48、格超出了我们的能力范围,但是她极力劝说我们至少看一看。*I had to get back for an urgent meeting.我必须回去开一个紧急会议。【词块积累】强烈要求某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强调某事urge that sb.(should)do sth.力劝某人做某事(2)urgent adj.紧急的,紧迫的urgency n.紧急的事【即学活用】语法填空(1)She could hear him urging her _as she ran past.(2)They departed hurriedly because of some grea
49、t _(urge)in their affairs.(3)It is urged that immediate action _(take)to prevent such a thing happening again.onurgency(should)be taken13.beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的*(2020浙江高考)While smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities,others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number
50、 of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.虽然智能信号灯对于一些城市特别有帮助,但是另外一些城市如此堵塞,只有路上车辆锐减才能真正起作用。*To sum up,I hope all of us can benefit from these activities.综上所述,我希望我们都可以从这些活动中获益。*Most people admitted that most contents of the Internet were of great benefit to us.大多数人承认,网上的大部分内容对我们很有益。【词块积累】
51、benefit vt.&vi.有益于;有助于;受益n.好处;利益;优势benefit from/by.从中受益;得益于benefit sb.对某人有益be of(much/great)benefit to sb.=be(very)beneficial to sb.对某人(非常)有益处for the benefit of.为了的利益【即学活用】(1)语法填空Keep it in mind,and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit _it.China has been pushing the reform of p
52、ublic hospitals _the benefit of all its citizens.(2)同义句转换It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.=It is said that yoga _human health.fromforis very beneficial to14.It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they hadbeen put forward by the great philo
53、sopher Aristotle.人们愿意相信这些原始的理论,这一点并不奇怪。因为它们是由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。【句式解构】it用作形式主语,真正的主语是that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas;as引导原因状语从句。*It is obvious that this destruction will become more dangerous in the future.很明显这种破坏在未来会变得更加危险。*It is believed that China will make greater progress in th
54、e space cause.人们相信中国会在航天事业取得更大的进步。*It is a pity that my best friend cant attend my birthday party.我最好的朋友不能来参加我的生日派对,真是遗憾。【名师点津】常见it替代后面的从句作形式主语的句式:(1)It is+adj.(clear,obvious,true,possible,necessary,natural,important.)+that-clause(2)It is+n.(a pity,a shame,ones duty,no use,no good,no wonder.)+that-c
55、lause(3)It is+过去分词(said,reported,believed,announced,suggested,required.)that-clause(4)It+vi.(happen,occur,appear,seem.)+that-clause【即学活用】(1)_we attach great importance to English study.我们重视英语学习是有必要的。(2)_that hell sign the contract tomorrow.他明天签合同是不足为怪的。(3)_this plant can prevent cancer.据报道,这种植物可以预防癌
56、症。(4)_they will win the game.他们似乎要赢得这场比赛。It is necessary thatIt is no wonderIt is reported thatIt appears that语法精讲优化学习名词搭配【情境探究】Dialogue 1:Dialogue 2:观察上面对话,并完成句子1.To _to the questions,we should _first.要找到问题的正确答案,我们应该先研究事实真相。2.Do you know who _that“The Earth is not the centre of the universe”?你知道是谁证
57、实了“地球不是宇宙的中心”这一理论吗?3.People tend to _put forward by famous people.人们倾向于相信由著名人物提出的理论。find the right answersstudy the factsproved the ideabelieve the ideas【要义详析】一、及物动词+名词*We can improve knowledge by travelling around.我们可以通过旅行扩充知识。*Some people ignore the fact that air pollution is still serious.一些人忽视了空
58、气污染还很严重这个事实。【名师点津】这类词语搭配常见错误为动词选择不当,即中文思维、望文生义正确表达望文生义get knowledgegain knowledgeextend/improve/enrich/widen/broaden knowledgelearn knowledgestudy knowledgeteach knowledge【即学活用】选择合适的动词完成句子(1)We must _(concentrate/gather)our efforts on improving education.(2)She usually _(relieve/lose)pressure by lis
59、tening to soft music.(3)Field trips are beneficial to _(gaining/learning)knowledge.concentraterelievesgaining二、不及物动词+介词+名词不及物动词后加名词作宾语时,需添加恰当的介词。*My classmates and I usually work as volunteers in the library at weekends.我和我的同学们周末通常在图书馆做志愿者。*It is said that the new teacher graduated from a famous uni
60、versity.据说那位新老师是名牌大学毕业的。【名师点津】这类词语搭配常见错误为介词使用不当,该用不用、错用多用。正确表达介词误用marry somebodydivorce somebodymarry with somebodydivorce with somebodycontact somebodycontact with somebody【即学活用】(1)Please _if there is any question.如有任何问题,请联系我们。(2)The hard-working boy _a remote small village.那个勤奋学习的男孩来自一个偏远的小村庄。(3)T
61、here is no need to _.Be yourself.没必要跟别人攀比。做你自己。contact uscomes fromcompare with others【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学语法知识选择适当的词完成短文。To 1._(gain/study)knowledge for a better future,I wanted to go abroad to 2._(broaden/widen)my horizons.At first,my parents didnt 3._(approve of/approve)my living alone at such a young age,but I tried my best to 4._(convince/convince of)them that I would take care of myself very well.Therefore,they 5._(agreed with/agreed to)my decision eventually.gainbroadenapprove ofconvinceagreed with
