1、情态动词1shall(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等,一般用于第二、三人称中,并用于陈述句。The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.学校制度规定,除非有家长陪伴,任何孩子不准离开学校。You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。(2)用于征求对方的意见或指示,用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。Has Mr Wang arrived?王
2、先生到了吗?Yes,already.Shall he wait outside or just come in?是的,已经到了。他是进来,还是在外面等?2must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。(2)表示“偏执”“固执”Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?为什么在别人正学习的时候,你非得这么大声说话呢?3should(1)表示预测可能性,并意为“可能,(按道理)应该”。Its nearly 7 oclock.Jac
3、k should be here at the moment.快7点了,杰克此刻应该在这儿了。(2)竟然,居然I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.我很惊奇你居然用那种口气说话。4would 与used towould 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。He would come to see us on Sundays.过去他经常星期天来看望我们。Our company used to do business with thei
4、rs.过去我们公司和他们的公司常有业务往来。5can 和could 的用法(1)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?(2)cannot.too/enough 表示“无论也不过分”“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。6will与would(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。would 用于过去的情况。I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he won
5、t listen.我一再告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。(2008北京卷)John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he never smoked ever since.约翰答应医生不再吸烟了,并且从那时起他再也不吸烟了。(2)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。7may 与might(1)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。You may as well do
6、 it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。(2)may 作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止”;must 作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”。May I use your car?No,you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No,you neednt.1.(2010江苏卷)I havent g
7、ot the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.AcouldBshallCmustDmay解析:句意为:我至今还没有拿到参考书,但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。别担心,周五之前你一定会有的。本题考查情态动词。shall 用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气,根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气,故答案为B。could 能,能够;must 必须;may 也许,均不符合语境,可排除。答案:B2(2011潍坊质量监测)When we wor
8、ked in the same firm several years ago,we_often go to the cinema together.AwouldBwillCshallDcould解析:考查情态动词。句意为:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would 这里表示(过去)常常。答案:A3(2010福建毕业班检查)For environmental reasons,we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.AshouldBwouldCmightDcould解析:考查情态动词。根据语意,
9、这里表示“我们只好把这些废弃产品收起来并回收利用”,固定表达may/might as well 意为“使倒也无妨,只好做”,由此我们不难判断这里选C项。答案:C4(2010南通二模)Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?No,it_take you long.Its not the rush hour now.AshouldntBshantCmustntDneednt解析:考查情态动词。根据应答句的后一分句可知所填词意思是:不应该,选A。答案:A1can 用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意
10、为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,cant 意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。Mr Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能迟到会议呢?(2008福建卷)It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡通常在三月份很暖和,但有时会相当冷。2may,might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测,意为“可能”;用
11、于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not 意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。(2009辽宁卷)The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿,因此请你给我留个位子好吗?(2008全国卷)Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行,她厌恶旅行。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否
12、定句中要用can)。(2009重庆卷)Hi,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.嗨,Tom,你知道Jane在哪儿吗?她肯定在教室里,我刚才在那儿看到她了。4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。(2010淄博检测)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient,so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the
13、 city.现在北京的公共交通非常便利,所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。1.(2010浙江卷)“You_have a wrong number,” she said,“Theres no one of that name here.”AneedBcanCmustDwould解析:句意为:“你肯定打错电话了,”她说,“这儿没有叫那个名字的人。”考查情态动词。此处情态动词表推测,由语境可知说话人对推测的事情把握较大,所以用must(肯定,一定)。答案:C2(2010烟台二模)I think Ill give Bob a ring.You_.You havent been in touch with
14、 him for ages.Awill BmayChave to Dshould解析:考查情态动词的用法。根据题意可知,这里选择should的意思是“应该”。这句话的意思是:你应该这样做(即给Bob打个电话),你们都多年没有联系了。答案:D3(2010济宁一模)When shall we hold the meeting?It_be better to put it off until next week.AmustBcouldCcanDwill解析:考查情态动词。此处could表示可能性、推测:说不定会。如:It could be better to stay here.说不定呆在这里比较好
15、。答案:B1can/could have done表示“本来可以做,而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中cant have done 多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。(2008天津卷)She cant have left school,for her bike is still here.她的自行车现在还在这儿,她不可能已经离开了学校。The accident could have been avoided.这场事故本来是可以避免的。2may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。might 所表示
16、的可能性比较弱,语气较委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。I cant find my purse anywhere.我到处找不到我的钱包。You may have lost it while shopping.你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。3must have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定,想必”,语气十分肯定。(2009上海卷)It must have been Tom that parked the car here,as he is the only one with a car.一定是汤姆把车停在这里的,因为只有他有车。4should/
17、ought to have done 用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.我现在觉得肚子疼,我刚才不应该吃那么多的炸鸡。You oughtnt to have been late for yesterday class meeting,as it was so important.昨天的班会你本不应该迟到,因为它很重要。5neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事
18、而实际上却做了。I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.其实我本没必要买这么多酒,只来了三个人。1.(2010潍坊教学质量抽样监测)Her English composition is much too perfect.She _it herself,I bet.Amight have writtenBcant have writtenCcant writeDmust have written解析:考查情态动词。语意为:她的英语作文太好了,我打赌一定不是她写的。因为write是过去的动作,表示对过去事情的
19、否定推测用cant have done。答案:B2(20103月浙江金华十校联考)Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday.Well,I_,but I had something important to do the moment.AshouldBmustCshould haveDmust have解析:考查情态动词和省略。should have 在这里相当于should have come to Mikes birthday party,即“我本应该去参加Mike 的生日晚会的”。should have done 表“本应该做
20、某事(但实际上未做)”,其他选项不合题意。答案:C3(2010安徽卷)Jack described his father,who_a brave boy many years ago,as a strongwilled man.Awould beBwould have beenCmust beDmust have been解析:句意为:杰克的父亲很多年前一定非常勇敢,因此杰克说他的父亲是一个意志坚定的人。本题考查情态动词表推测语气。由句中的many years ago 可知是对过去的推测,故排除A、C;而B项表示可能性很小,故被排除。答案:D4(2010山东卷)I_have watched t
21、hat movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldntDmustnt解析:句意为:我本不应该去看那部电影它会使我做噩梦的。考查情态动词。shouldnt have done本不该干,但是干了;neednt have done 本没必要干,但是干了;couldnt have done 不可能干了某事。无mustnt have done 结构。根据题干所提供信息应选A项。答案:A1(2010湖南卷)You_buy a gift,but you can if you want to.AmustBmustntChave toDdo
22、nt have to解析:句意为:你不必买礼物了,但是如果你愿意的话也可以买。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知此处须用否定形式,故排除A、C项;mustnt 表示禁止;dont have to 意为“不必”。答案:D2(2010新课标全国卷)Just be patient.You_expect the world to change so soon.AcantBneedntCmay notDwill not解析:句意为:耐心点,你不能指望这个世界变得如此之快。本题考查情态动词。这里用cant 表示“不能,不可以,不可能”。neednt没有必要;may not 可能不;will not 将不,都不
23、符合句意。答案:A3(2010四川卷)_I take the book out?Im afraid not.AWillBMayCMustDNeed解析:句意为:我可以把书带出去吗?恐怕不能。本题考查情态动词。请求对方的允许时常使用can 或may,故B为答案。答案:B4(2010重庆卷)You_park here!Its an emergency exit.AwouldntBneedntCcouldntDmustnt解析:句意为:你不可以在此停车!因为这是紧急通道。考查情态动词。mustnt 表示“禁止”;wouldnt 表示“不会”;neednt 表示“不必”;couldnt 表示“不可能”
24、。由语境得知,这里表示“禁止停车”,故选D。答案:D5(2010辽宁卷)Doctors say that exercise is important for health,but it_be regular exercise.Acan BwillCmust Dmay解析:句意为:医生说锻炼对健康很重要,但那必须是经常性的锻炼。本题考查情态动词。A.可能;B.将会;C.必须;D.可能。答案:C6(2010天津卷)Mark_have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.AneedntBwouldntCmu
25、stntDcouldnt解析:句意为:Mark 本不必那么匆忙。他极速行驶,最后早到了半个小时。本题考查情态动词。neednt have done表示过去不必要做的事情却做了。couldnt have done 表示过去不可能做了(某事);wouldnt have done 用在表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中;mustnt 表禁止,不用在此结构中。答案:A7(2010陕西卷)May I take this book out of the reading room?No,you_.You read it in here.AmightntBwontCneedntDmustnt解析:句意为:我可以把这
26、本书带出阅览室吗?不行,绝对不可以。你(只能)在这里阅读。本题考查情态动词的用法。mightnt 可能不;will表意愿或决心;neednt 不必;mustnt 用于说话者要某人不做某事,绝对不可以。例如:You mustnt leave the gate open.你不要敞着大门。答案:D8(2010江西卷)I have told you the truth._I keep repeating it?AMustBCanCMayDWill解析:句意为:我已经告诉你实情了。非要我一遍遍重复吗?本题考查情态动词。must 表示对方的行为使说话人不满或懊恼,意为“偏要”。can,may 用在句首表请
27、求或疑问。答案:A9(2009辽宁卷)The traffic is heavy these days.I_arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?AcanBmustCneed Dmight解析:句意为:最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿,因此请你给我留个位子好吗?might表示可能性,往往指较小的可能性,符合句意。can能,会;must必须,一定;need需要。答案:D10(2009全国卷)What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There_be twelve.AshouldBwouldC
28、will Dshall解析:句意为:这儿只有10张票,是什么意思?应该有12张票的。根据句意,表按理来说,用should,故选A。答案:A1(2011潍坊第一次模拟)Why didnt Alex attend the party yesterday evening?He_not have wanted to see me.Ashould BmightCcouldDwould解析:考查情态动词。语意:他可能不想来见我。might have done 表示对过去一种不太肯定的推测。答案:B2(2011青岛市模拟)May I tell this to my close friend?No,you_.
29、Never let anybody else know about it.AneedntBshouldntCmustntDcant解析:由“决不可以让其他任何人知道”可知选C,mustnt 表示“不允许,不可以”,语气强烈。答案:C3(2011杭州市教学检测)Mum,I am feeling tired and sleepy now.You_so late last night.Acouldnt have stayed upBmustnt have stayed upCshouldnt have stayed upDneednt have stayed up解析:考查情态动词。shouldnt
30、 have stayed up本来不该熬夜。couldnt have stayed up不可能熬夜;neednt have stayed up本没有必要熬夜。根据语意可知本句是母亲责备孩子昨晚熬夜了,故选C项。答案:C4(2011南通一模)Shopping online can save much time as you_go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers.Adont have toBoughtnt toCwontDmustnt解析:本题考查情态动词。句意为:由于不必去商店或者拥挤的购物中心,网上购物能够节省大量时间。根据句
31、意,应选A。答案:A5(2011青岛市联合模拟)Everyone in my class passed the exam.Oh,really?It _difficult.Acant have beenBneednt have beenCmust beDmightnt be解析:考查情态动词。对过去进行推测,表示“一定不”应使用cant have done。语意:我们班上每个人都通过了考试。哦,真的吗?那题目一定不难。答案:A6(2011济宁市第一次联考)Did you punish him for losing your digital camera?Yes,but I dont think
32、I_.Ashould do thatBneed to have done soCought have done thatDshould have done so解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为:他把你的数码相机弄丢了,你处罚他了吗?是的。但我现在认为当时我不应该这样做。shouldnt have done sth.意为“(过去)不应该做某事,但实际上已做了”。此处否定发生了转移。答案:D7(2011合肥第二次教学检测)It _be really cold in Novermber in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.Ashou
33、ldBwillCmustDcan解析:考查情态动词。can可表示常有的行为和情况,意为“有时会,时而可能”。句意为:尽管合肥十一月的时候常常很暖和,但有时候可能会很冷。根据语意选D项。答案:D8(2011陕西西安分科质检)The welldressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop.Strangely enough,she _have done such a thing.AwouldBmustCshouldDmight解析:根据题干中的Strangely enough 可知,这里应该用should,表示惊讶,可译为“竟然”。答案:C9
34、(2011浙江嘉兴摸底)Marys score on the test is the highest in her class.Really?She _have studied very hard.AmayBought toCmustDshould解析:may have done可能已经;ought to have done 本应该;must have done一定曾,一定已经;should have done 本应该。句意为:玛丽的考试成绩是全班最高的。真的吗?她一定很努力了。答案:C10(2010安徽皖南八校第二次联考)When shall we meet your cousin at t
35、he station?His plane took off 2 hours ago,and it_reach at 5 pm.AshouldBcouldCmustDcan解析:should 的意思是“应该会,可能”,在这里表示对将来的推测,预期会。答案:A11(2011黑龙江哈尔滨质检)Dont play with the dog,Jack,for it_be dangerous at times.AshallBshouldCcanDmust解析:句意为:杰克,不要逗狗玩,因为狗有时可能是危险的。can 在此表示理论上的可能性,其他三项则无此意,故选C项。答案:C12(2011福建龙岩质检一)
36、“Attention,please.Whoever can answer one of my questions _receive a prize,” the teacher said in class.AmightBshallCshouldDwould解析:shall用于第二和第三人称时,可以表示警告、命令、允诺、威胁等语气;might 表示可能性很小;should 表示“应该(义务性)”;would 表示意志(意愿)。这里选B项表示允诺。答案:B13(2011浙江温州十校联合体模拟)Where is Lucy?I cant say where she is,but she_have gon
37、e to meet her classmates,for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.AcanBshouldCmustDmay解析:这里表示对过去状况的推断,用“情态动词have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“过去可能已经做了”(不确定)。must have done表示“过去一定做了”(非常确定);can have done 用在否定句和疑问句中,should have done 表示“过去本该做(实际却没做)”。答案:D14(2010吉林长春毕业班第一次调研)Has T
38、im started?He said he would join in the party.He_.He is a man of his word.Acould have leftBmust have leftCcant comeDwont be coming解析:根据He is a man of his word.可知他是一个守信的人,因此推测他肯定已经启程了。 句意为:Tim 启程了吗?他说他要参加聚会。他一定已经启程了,他是一个守信的人。must have done“一定干了某事”,故B项正确。答案:B15(2011安徽合肥质检)Mum,would you please buy me an MP5 player?If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation,you _have one as a reward.AmustBneedCwouldDshall解析:shall用于第一、三人称问句中表示征询对方意见;shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中,表示“警告、许诺、命令、威胁”等语气。答句句意:如果你整个假期能够帮助洗盘子的话,就会得到一个MP5作为回报。shall表示允诺。答案:D