1、UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE研考点 核心突破目录索引强基础 语基自测12测效果 课堂评价3研真题 链接高考4强基础 语基自测默写查验一、核心单词1._ adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的2._ vi.(_,_)沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没3._ n.毯子4._ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的5._ adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的6._ adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的bitter sink sank/sunk sunk blanket miserable genuine thorough 7._ n.家具8._ vi.&n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫声9._ n.球拍;蝙蝠
2、 vi.&vt.用球板击球;挥打;拍打10._ adj.潮湿的;湿气重的11._ n.侄子;外甥12._ adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的13._ n.候选人;应试者furniture bark bat damp nephew rough candidate 二、派生单词1._ adj.热情的;热心的 _ adv.热情地 _ n.热情;热忱2._ vt.分派;布置;分配 _ n.任务;作业;分配3._ n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 _ vi.坚持;孜孜以求4._ vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)n.决心;坚定的信念 _ n.决议;解决;坚定enthusiastic enthusia
3、stically enthusiasm assign assignment perseverance persevere resolve resolution 5._ adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的 _ adv.残忍地;残酷地 _ n.残忍;残酷6._ adv.不幸地;遗憾地 _(反)adv.幸运地 _ n.运气;财产 _ adj.幸运的7._ n.指导;引导;导航 _ n.导游;指南 vt.带领;引导;为领路8._ n.承诺;保证;奉献 _ vt.犯(错误、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承担义务;(使)作出保证 _ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的cruel cruelly cruelty unfo
4、rtunately fortunately fortune fortunate guidance guide commitment commit committed 三、重点短语1._拒绝(某人)2._ 生火3._ 放出(热、光、气味或气体)4._ 梦想5._ 保持某人高昂的情绪6._ 对充满热情turn sb down make fire give off dream of/aboutkeep ones spirits up be enthusiastic about 7._ 陷于8._ 扔掉9._ 使某人振作起来10._ 每况愈下11._对厌倦12._回报某人become/be stuck
5、 inthrow awaycheer sb up go from bad to worsebe bored withpay sb back四、典型句式1.感叹句教材原句:How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!2.as.as.教材原句:How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!3.as long as 只要教材原句:It will eventually
6、 lead to success as long as you persevere.4.if引导的虚拟条件句教材原句:If it werent for sea animals,we would all starve.语境应用.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.When I learned that I failed in the exam,my heart _(sink).2.She was sitting in an armchair with _(blanket)wrapped around her.3.When she arrived home from work,the dog threw
7、itself against the door and _(bark)madly at her.sank/sunk blanketsbarked4.Look at the cat,which _(bat)the balloon with its paw.5.We have narrowed down the list to four _(candidate).6.Oliver had never seen a dirtier or _(miserable)place.7.She has three _(nephew),one of whom works abroad.8.The _(rough
8、)road is often the one that leads you to the top.is battingcandidatesmore miserablenephewsroughest.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Today I am as _about my job as the first day and my _enables me to treat my job _.(enthusiastic)2.Believe it or not,my husband was _to me and his _always made me in low spirits.(cruel)3._,
9、he received a large _from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.(fortunate)4.He _himself to working day and night.His _won him a great reputation.(commit)enthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically cruel cruelty Fortunatelyfortune committed commitment 5.He _with his violin lessons.It was his _that
10、 enabled him to become a distinguished violinist.(persevere)6.Under the _of the qualified _,we traveled around the places of interest very happily.(guide)7.He _me to the difficult _,so I couldnt waste any time.(assign)8.Instead of _to lose weight,try a practical _:“Ill stop having dessert for lunch.
11、”(resolve)resolutionperseveredperseveranceguidance guide assigned assignmentresolving.用左栏所给短语的正确形式填空1.She tried to _the disappointed child when he failed to win the prize.2.William wanted to join the basketball team,but the coach _him _for his being short.3.Nancy and her sister picked some branches,
12、_ and prepared dinner in the open air.cheer upturned down made fire4.The man decided to quit drinking when he realised his health was _.5.Their car _the mud,and they had no choice but to wait for help.6.To the managers astonishment,all the staff _the project.were enthusiastic aboutgoing from bad to
13、worse was stuck in.微写作1.这对双胞胎给妈妈带来了多愉悦的惊喜啊!_ the twins gave to the mother!2.我一直和我的同学相处得不好,我不知道如何和他们一样热情地交流。I have been getting on/along badly with my classmates and I dont know _.3.只要我们人类肩并肩行动起来,“携手并进,共创未来”的口号就能够实现。_ shoulder to shoulder,the motto“Together for a shared future”will come true.4.如果我听从了
14、他的建议,我就已经实现目标了。_,I would have achieved my goal.If I had followed his adviceWhat a delightful surprise how to communicate as enthusiastically as they doAs long as we humans take action研考点 核心突破核心词汇突破1.turn down 拒绝;调低(音量)练会单句语法填空If you turn _,you might find it easier to get to sleep.Dont worry,and Im s
15、ure your missing glasses will turn_ sooner or later.Not knowing how to deal with the problem,I turned _the teacher for help.原因状语over up to 写美词汇和句式升级背诵Because he didnt make full preparations for the interview,he was refused._,he was _.(非谓语动词作原因状语)turned downNot having made full preparations for the i
16、nterview 归纳turn over 移交;翻转turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;结果是turn up 开大,调高;出现turn to 转向;求助于点津如果宾语为代词,需要把代词放在turn与down之间。佳句He promised that he would come,but he hasnt turned up yet.他承诺会来,但还没出现。2.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的enthusiasm n.热情;热忱enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地练会单句语法填空He is selfish and bad-tempered;thus,he wil
17、l never be enthusiastic _helping those in trouble.(2022新高考全国卷)Inspired by the _(enthusiastic)and encouragement,David quickened his space in high spirit.我不仅热情而且容易相处,这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(应用文之申请信)_,which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.情绪高涨地I am not only enthusiasti
18、c but also easy to get along withaboutenthusiasm 归纳(1)be enthusiastic about(doing)sth 对(做)热情(2)lack/full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情with enthusiasm热情地佳句(2020新高考全国卷)Bernard and John still made popcornenthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of several failures.尽管失败了几次,伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。3.aboard adv.&prep.上(船
19、、飞机、公共汽车等)board vt.&vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)n.木板;董事会;伙食broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的abroad adv.在/到国外;在/到海外练会微写作得知你将去国外深造,我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文之告知信)_,Im writing to inform you of some necessary dos and donts.告知信常用开头语Learning that you will go abroad for further study 写美一句多译背诵这对年轻夫妇一上船,他们就吃东西、说话、大笑着,好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。The ins
20、tant _,they were eating,talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(aboard)The instant _,they were eating,talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(board)the young couple boarded the shipthe young couple went aboard the ship归纳(1)go aboard
21、上船(飞机、火车等)(2)on board 在船(火车或飞机)上go abroad出国佳句The plane crashed,killing all 200 people aboard.飞机失事机上200人全部遇难。He was tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wore a broadsmile.(读后续写之外貌描写)他高个、宽肩、留着胡子,总是满面微笑。4.envy n.&vt.羡慕;忌妒envious adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的练会单句语法填空I was green _envy because she was really dr
22、essed to the teeth at the party.(读后续写之情感描写)I _(envy)him being enthusiastic and full of vigour and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.I am _(envy)of you,because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.穿着华丽with envied envious 写美微写作背诵老实说,我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号,我应该向你学习。Honestly speaking,I _the Excelle
23、nt Graduate and I should follow your example.do envy you getting the title of归纳(1)envy sb(doing)sth 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事(2)with envy羡慕地;嫉妒地green with envy嫉妒地眼红(3)be envious of羡慕,嫉妒佳句Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving toughproblems with logical mind.I am green with envy.李明不仅
24、学得快,而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题,我都有点眼红了。部分倒装5.abandon vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃abandoned adj.被遗弃的;放纵的练会单句语法填空I heard that you had abandoned _(carry)out the plan because of the lack of money.We sang,danced,and laughed _abandon,forgetting the troubles in our lives.(读后续写之情感描写)写美写作背诵他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来,陷入绝望。(读后续写之情感描写)His last wo
25、rd went like a bullet to her heart._.She burst into tears and abandoned herself to despaircarrying with 归纳(1)abandon doing sth 放弃做某事abandon oneself to/be abandoned to(doing)sth 沉湎于(做)(2)with abandon放纵地;放任地佳句(2022全国乙卷)Lacking self-discipline,they may abandonthemselves/be abandoned to playing online g
26、ames.他们缺乏自律,可能会沉湎于玩网络游戏。补遗缺微点练全.一词多义roughA.汹涌的;风浪很大的 B.崎岖的 C.粗略的D.艰难的 E.粗鲁的I cant tolerate sailing in rough sea.Hes had a really rough time recently.(2023全国甲卷)The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans
27、.The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.He is such a rough child that he doesnt behave himself.A D C B E.教材熟词生义1.freeze项目 意义例句熟义vi.&vt._Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0.vi._Most soups freeze well.生义vi._Freeze,or Ill fire.vi._My old bicycle was so rusty that
28、the gears had frozen.vt._The government has frozen pensions until the end of next year.(使)冻结,(使)结冰冷冻保存(食物)(尤指出于恐惧等)停住不动(引擎或锁)卡住,堵塞阻止增长;冻结使(工资、物价等)固定不变,2.Low 项目 意义例句熟义adj._When we went skiing,I only went on the lower slopes.adj._They spoke in low voices so I would not hear what they were saying.生义adj
29、._ Illness of any sort can leave you feeling low.adj._I have a very low opinion of him.低劣的,劣等的低的;矮的(声)低的,小的忧郁的,情绪低落的,消沉的重点句型透视if引导虚拟条件句教材原句 If it werent for sea animals,we would all starve.如果没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死。练会单句语法填空If my brother were here,everything _(be)all right.They might have found a better hotel
30、if they _(drive)a few more kilometers.If it _(rain)this afternoon,the basketball match would be put off.would be had driven rained/should rain/were to rain写美微写作背诵受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文之演讲稿)I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.Today t
31、he topic of my speech is“_”._with no rubbish lying on the street.If I were a dustman,I would make If I were a dustmanour city cleaner 归纳虚拟情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be用were);should+动词原形:were to+动词原形would/
32、should/could/might+动词原形佳句If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow,I would inform him of thegood news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday.如果我明天看到他,我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。测效果 课堂评价.单句语法填空分层级强化高频考点A组基础必练1.When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss,he turned me _imme
33、diately.2.Our monitor is enthusiastic _creating a harmonious campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it.3.We have resolved _(reduce)our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.4.I promise that I will be loyal _the enterprise and I will never
34、 quit my job.5.Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they wont give _waste gases.downaboutto reduceto off B组高考链接6.(2023全国乙卷)I think Im well qualified _the accountant position here.7.(2023新高考全国卷)You can download the _(apply)and subscribe today to get your first issue free.8.
35、(2022新高考全国卷)The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the _(guide)of a trainer for four or more days a week.9.(2021新高考全国卷)_(fortunately),it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.10.(2020江苏卷改编)And tens of milli
36、ons in Africa and Asia can see because of the _(commit)Wilson made to preventing the mitmentfor application guidance Unfortunately.语篇填空语境中应用单元要点One hundred years ago,exploring the Antarctic was dangerous.Because of the 1._(cruel)of weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic
37、,the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers 2._(die).The people 3._ signed up for such voyages were paid low 4._(wage)and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas,along with the cold and dampweather.They also had to have a strong resolution 5._(finish)what they had start
38、ed no matter how hard it was,great personal discipline,and a firm 6._(commit)to the other members of the team.Yet,many 7._(candidate)still appliedcommitmentcrueltydied who wagesto finishcandidates 8._(join)such explorations.Some might have wanted to become famous.Others 9._(look)for rewards.However,
39、the motive for many was 10._(experience)a great adventure.to experienceto joinwere looking.话题微写作场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)续写微情景第一步单句写作1.得知儿子汤姆沉湎于电脑游戏,妈妈的心一沉,接着伤心地哭了起来。(abandon,sink,bitterly)Learning that her son,Tom,_,_ and then she _.2.她勃然大怒,厉声质问汤姆,“你一直都是一个如此好脾气、真诚、热情、忠诚的男孩子,其他人都羡慕你。”(bark,good-temper
40、ed,genuine,enthusiastic,loyal,envy)She exploded with anger and _,“You are always such _.”wept bitterlywas abandoned to computer gamesthe mothers heart sanka good-tempered,genuine,enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy youbarked questions at Tom3.汤姆痛苦地抽泣道:“我不知道如何解决上次考试完全失败的问题。”(miserably,resolve
41、)Tom _,“I dont know how to _in the last exam.”4.听到这里,妈妈冲向汤姆,把他揽入怀中,拍着他的后背,喃喃细语道:“如果你致力于学习,你会取得更大进步的。”(commit)Hearing this,the mother hurried to Tom,gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back,murmuring,“If _,you can make much more progress.”resolve the complete failuresobbed miserablyyou a
42、re committed to your study第二步句式升级5.用as long as改写句4。_Hearing this,the mother hurried to Tom,gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back,murmuring,“As long as you are committed to your study,you can make much more progress.”第三步连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词)_ Learning that her son,Tom,was abandoned to comp
43、uter games,the mothers heart sank and then she wept bitterly.Then,she exploded with anger and barked questions at Tom,“You are always such a good-tempered,genuine,enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy you.”Tom sobbed miserably,“I dont know how to resolve the complete failure in the last exam.”
44、Hearing this,the mother hurried to Tom,gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back,murmuring,“As long as you are committed to your study,you can make much more progress.”研真题 链接高考(2022全国乙卷,阅读理解C)无人机技术在铁路方面的应用 Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways a
45、nd,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likely future of applying todays“eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are alre
46、ady being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,
47、reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 bi
48、llion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value
49、services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks,drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train
50、,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.一、理清脉络二、真题再做28.What makes the ap
51、plication of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones reliable performance in remote areas.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线,这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。故选A项。A 29.What does“maint
52、enance”underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可以推断出,画线单词指的就是“维修,维护”。故选C项。C 30.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early w
53、arning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报,确保列车能及时应对问题,从而提高安全系数。故选A项。A 31.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can B
54、e ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向,因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。故选D项。D 三、语言能力1.掌握构词知识词根派生词义例句_ reliability_Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways a
55、nd,at the same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?_ precisely_They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.rely 可靠性precise 精确地,确切地2.牢记熟词生义单词
56、词性及词义例句switch _They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switchingpoints.n.铁路上的道岔,转辙器3.积累高频词块(1)railway operators _(2)rail/railway tracks _(3)high-tension electrical lines _(4)rail
57、way lines _(5)on-time performance _(6)cut costs _(7)across the board _(8)power lines _(9)perform the task _(10)earn profits _铁路运营商,铁路部门铁路轨道高压电线铁路线准点率降低成本整体,全面电线执行任务获利4.赏析续写佳句 The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliabilityand on-time performance will be improved.越是定期检查,_
58、。5.破解复杂句式 That is the very likely future of applying todays“eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.分析:句子的主干是That is the very likely future,future后跟of短语作后置定语,在后置定语部分,making sure后跟that引导的从句。译文:_铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就越高宾语那很可能就是应用如今的“空中之眼”技术的未来,以确保全世界范围内数百万千米的铁路轨道和基础设施都能全天候安全运行。
