1、第1课时 记叙文类完形填空怎么考1.记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等。2.文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词、代词等，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。怎么学在平时的阅读训练中，注意掌握高频词汇的用法、习惯搭配、长难句的理解能力，抓关键词的能力等，更要学会积累一些文化常识、历史背景知识等。怎么解重视首尾句，把握开篇，速读全文，掌握大意；理清人物事件，把握作者态度；理顺事件的发生、发展和结局。策略一 破解完形填空三原则一、上览下索细寻信息完形填空的设题特点
2、就是在对上下语境的理解基础上设题考查学生的语言运用能力，因此答案信息点有的在设空前，有的在设空后，有的在前文，有的在后文，甚至前后都出现，故需综合地上览下索来印证信息点，有时，甚至要根据上下文提供的信息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可以得出正确答案。【典例剖析1】上下文语境的信息寻找(2013新 课 标 全 国 卷)Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker.He is not famous in sports or the arts.But people in the streets_16_him，especially those who
3、 are_17_.For those people，he is“Gloves”Greenberg.How did he get that_18_？He looks like any other businessman，wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase(公文箱).But hes _19_.His briefcase always has some gloves.16.A.know aboutB.learn from C.cheer for D.look after17.A.old B.busy C.kind D.poor18.A.job B.name
4、 C.chance D.message19.A.calm B.different C.crazy D.curious解 析根 据 上 下 文 可 知，每 当 冬 季 来 临，Michael Greenberg都会走上街头，为穷人送上温暖的手套。故第16小题可以推断出街上的人都认识他，还送给外号“Gloves”。故选A项。第17小题根据下文信息“many poor New Yorkers know him”以及“with cold hands”可知第17小题选D项。第18小题根据上文“he is Gloves Greenberg”，that name指“Gloves”，人们对他的昵称。故选B项。
5、第19小题，连词but提示上下文之间为转折关系，Greenberg和上文提及的其他商人有所不同，故选B项。【典例剖析2】上下文语境的间接信息寻找(2014辽宁卷)It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife，Eleanor.We had _1_ to meet at the restaurant at seven oclock.I felt a little uneasy，but to my _2_，I had a good excuse：A
6、 business meeting had _3_ and Id wasted no time getting to the dinner.When I arrived at the _4_，I apologized and told Eleanor I didnt mean to be late.She screamed，“You never mean to.”Well，I _5_ tell she was angry.“Im sorry but it was not _6_，”I said.Then I told her about the business meeting._7_，my
7、explanation seemed to make things worse，which started to drive _8_ mad as well.1.A.started B.agreed C.continued D.managed2.A.relief B.surprise C.regret D.sorrow3.A.broken out B.closed downC.faded away D.run over4.A.houseB.roomC.restaurantD.supermarket5.A.could B.must C.will D.might6.A.movableB.comfo
8、rtable C.acceptable D.avoidable7.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise8.A.her B.himC.me D.them 解析本文论述了作者自己迟到引起妻子的不满与误解，后来接受朋友的建议，确实改善了两人的关系。第1题，前文讲与妻子约好吃饭，所以同意在餐馆见面，故选B项，为上下文推断的直接信息。第2题，下文后一句“I had a good excuse”可以推断出作者找到理由，故才“放松、安慰”，为间接信息，故选A项。第3题，既然作者迟到，找的理由应是会议“超时”，故选D项，为间接推断出的信息。第4题，根据上文直接信息
9、“.to meet at the restaurant”可推断第4题间接信息“饭店”，故选C项。第5题，根据上文“She screamed，.”，下文“Im sorry.”下文“my explanation seemed to make things worse，.”可以推断出间接信息，“我”能看出她生气了。故选A项。第6题，“很抱歉，但这无法避免。”根据下文信息“更糟糕”，推断而来，故选D项。第7题，句子前后为转折关系，故选A项。第8题，由下文as well可知“我也生气了”，可推出间接信息。故选C项。点拨首句或首段往往内含许多信息，像主题句、文章主旨、文章的体裁类型等，因此，做题时考生应该
10、把握首句作为突破口，推测作者的意向，判断整篇文章的写作思想、内容、线索等，在掌握语篇大意的基础上对每一处细节设空进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。二、左顾右盼找寻搭配做题时，不能仅盯住空格或空格所在的一个句子上，一定要左顾右盼，弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。【典例剖析1】词语的固定搭配.I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s，when children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony.At that time my famil
11、y lived a stones _40_from Ismails.40.A.dropB.throwC.moveD.roll解析a stones throw表示“非常靠近”，是固定短语。句意：在那时我家住得离Ismail家很近。故选B项。【典例剖析2】词语的习惯搭配及句式的搭配(2014辽宁卷).Several weeks later，when I _9_ the situation to my friend Ken Hardy，he smiled，“You _10_ a classic mistake.Youre stuck _11_ your own way of thinking.You
12、 didnt _12_ to be late.But thats not the point.What is _13_ in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor.”He pointed out that I focused on the intention _14_ Eleanor focused on the result.Thus，_15_ of us felt misunderstood and crazy.9.A.spread B.wrote C.translated D.described10.A.knew
13、 B.made C.found D.took11.A.in B.beyond C.for D.against12.A.need B.prove C.pretend D.intend13.A.funny B.important C.possible D.simple14.A.while B.after C.until D.unless15.A.all B.none C.both D.neither 解析第9题，据上下文信息“我向我的朋友描述这种情形时”，选D项。第10题，“make a mistake”，“犯错”为常用的习惯搭配，是固定短语，故选B项。第11题，“你陷入了你自己的思维圈子。”be
14、 stuck in“被困住”，是常用的习惯搭配，故选A项。第12题，intend to do“打算做某事”为常用的句式搭配，故选D项。第13题，选B项。第14题，根据上下文逻辑关系，前后形成对比，故用while“而”，也是句式的搭配关系，故选A项。第15题，我们两人都(both)感到被误解了并很生气。故选C项。点拨固定搭配题是完形填空中难度稍低的一类题，考生在做这类题时，如果遇到自己熟知的或已掌握的固定搭配应快速得出答案，从而为其他类题型，如辨析型、推理型等留出更为充裕的思考时间，从而提高完形填空的做题效率。一些考生都很熟悉的固定搭配，高考在设题时为了提高难度，常常把这些固定搭配变为被动形式或
15、者拆开进行考查。做此类题目时，关键就是将固定搭配还原。牢记常见的固定搭配，尤其是其中心词，只要在文中出现中心词就先联想其所对应的常见搭配，可以很快得出答案。(1)当选项中的词表示相近的含义时，就要考虑从搭配的角度解题。要特别注意空格所在句子的主语，空格前后出现的名词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、双宾语等，快速排除不能搭配的选项。(2)有些固定搭配的构成形式相近，但含义不同，为了强化记忆，可以以名词、动词或介词等为中心词进行比较。如将 结 构 相 似 的 短 语 联 系 起 来 记 忆，i n a minute/sense/word/hurry(立 即/在某种意义上/总 之/匆 忙)。三、思前顾
16、后通读全文【典例剖析】(2014陕西卷)It was Mothers Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my fiveyearold son，Tenyson.As we were _1_，we realized that only minutes earlier an _2_ woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground._3_ was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the
17、woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock._4_ a lot of people stopped to help out._5_ we were walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very _6_ about what had happened to the elderly couple.By now medical staff had arrived，and were _15_ the injured woman.We gave the flower to the womans husband and
18、 I told him it was _16_ my son.1.A.leaving B.driving C.moving D.stopping2.A.injured B.awkward C.honestD.elderly3.A.Her husband B.My son C.The crowd D.The seller4.A.Specifically B.Particularly C.Interestingly D.Fortunately5.A.If B.Since C.While D.Unless6.A.guilty B.curious C.angry D.worried15.A.check
19、ing with B.looking after C.operating on D.praying for16.A.from B.to C.with D.about 解析本文讲述作者五岁的儿子看到一位老太太摔倒，他认为应该安慰一下她，因此给她买了一束鲜花。儿子的仁爱举动得到了大家的赞赏。第1题，根据前文的shopping可知，作者买完东西正要离开。故选A项。第2题，根据文章第二段第6空后的the elderly couple可知，这是一位上了年纪的(elderly)女士，故选D项。第3题，根据下文第16空前的the womans husband可知，老太太的丈夫(Her husband)守在旁边。故选A项。第4题选D；第5题选C；第6题选D。第15题选B，第16题选A。点拨有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入空格中都不错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中讲得通，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。有时，还要考虑作者的主旨，主人翁的思想等，总之，要通读全文后，认真推敲选出最佳选择。
