1、模块四 五彩缤纷的从句:三大从句和特殊句式第7讲 定语从句Step 1 刷透真题明晰技法【高考真题练】.语法填空1.(2020全国卷)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot_it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.(2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist _paintings were almost lifelike.3.(2019全国卷)They were well trained b
2、y their masters _had great experience with caring for these animals.wherewhosewho4.(2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age _dreams have the best chance of coming true.5.(2019浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark.whenthat/which.完成句子1.(2020全国卷)Thank you fo
3、r your letter,_(这使我很高兴).2.(2020全国卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food _(妈妈提供的)with appreciation.3.(2019全国卷)One afternoon _(我上小学的时候),I was walking by the school playground.4.(2018全国卷)They also had a small pond _(他们从中养鱼).which really made me happythat is provided by Momwhen I was in
4、primary schoolwhere/in which they raised fish【微技能点拨】语法填空二谨记1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2.关系词应遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句用which。(4)如果先
5、行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人,则关系词用whom;如果先行词指物,则用which。Step 2 突破重点点拨疑惑定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定语that人
6、或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语as人或物主语、宾语、表语1.限制性定语从句中,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。If I run into anything that might interest you,Ill send it your way.We cannot say that none that we saw on TVs were true.(2)先行词被the only,a
7、ny,few,no,very等修饰时。After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.When it comes to Jinan,the first that comes to mind is the spring water.(4)先行词既有人也有物时。My mother and her old f
8、riends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。Crusoes dog,which was very old now,became ill and die
9、d.3.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which位置不同表意不同as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中意为“正如”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等As is known to all,great changes have taken place in China.John,as you know,is a famous writer.Tom was late for school again and again,which
10、 made his teacher very angry.【小题快练】(2020天津高考)Dr.Rowan,_secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.(2018北京高考)She and her family bicycle to work,_helps them keep fit.(2017北京高考)The little problems _we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions._is known to a
11、ll,China is a developing country.whosewhichthatAs考点2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若是表示人,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,就只能用which。如:Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?【点津】在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词
12、+不定式”结构。She had some money in the bank,with which she can help her mother.She had some money in the bank,with which to help her mother.【小题快练】(2020江苏高考)Many lessons are now available online,from _students can choose for free.Many young people,most of _were well-educated,headed for remote regions to c
13、hase their dreams.The boy wants another fifty cents with which _(buy)some ice cream.whichwhomto buy考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句 定语从句中关系副词有when,where,why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。She remembered clearly that day when shed gone exploring the rockpools.This is the town where I was born.Im writing to explain to y
14、ou the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。There are occasions when(=on which)one must yield.Beijing is the place where(=in which)I was born.Is this the reason why(=for which)he refused our offer?【小题快练】This is the reason _I want her to come t
15、o the meeting.(2019浙江高考)Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago _parents tended to be more strict.(2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage _she can say individual words but not full sentences.whywhenwhere考点4 定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语),则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样
16、的,分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。谓语动词用主动语态的,用现在分词作定语;用被动语态的,用过去分词作定语。如:We live in a house which/that faces the south.We live in a house facing the south.The first textbooks that/which were written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.The first textbooks written for teaching as a foreig
17、n language came out in the 16th century.Step 3 跟踪检测提升能力.语法填空For 99 days,doctor never let up.Zhuo Huichang,a doctor who has been in the fight against COVID-19 for 99 days,said,“The experience is unforgettable,and its 1.honor for me to do my part as a doctor when the country and its people need me.”On
18、 Jan 27,he boarded a plane to Wuhan,the epicenter of COVID-19 outbreak in China.“I didnt hesitate for a moment because I 2.(think)about it for a long time,”Zhuo said.Although his child objected 3.the decision,his wife,who is also a medical professional,gave him strong support.“This is our 4.(respons
19、ible),”she said.During his stay in Wuhan,all the COVID-19 patients they were responsible for recovered,he said 5.(proud).One more mission awaited.After Zhuo returned to Fujian and completed his 14-day quarantine(隔离期),he volunteered on April 5 to serve with a medical team sent to the Philippines.“I h
20、ad the experience 6.I could share with colleagues in the Philippines,”Zhuo said,7.(add)that he wanted to make a contribution to the world.In the Philippines,the medical experts spent entire days 8.(share)their experiences.“We wanted to communicate 9._ we had learned about treatment plans for COVID-1
21、9 patients,”he said.“I feel 10.(connect)to Wuhan and the Philippines now,”Zhuosaid.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卓慧昌医生令人难忘的经历,他已经参与抗击新冠肺炎99天。他参与了武汉和菲律宾的医疗队,为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出了贡献。1.【解析】an。考查冠词。根据名词honor 可知此处用冠词,且由音标/n(r)/可知要用an修饰名词。2.【解析】had been thinking/had thought。考查时态。根据主句谓语didnt hesitate可知从句谓语可用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时表示过去
22、发生的动作,且该动作还有可能继续。故填had been thinking/had thought。3.【解析】to。考查介词。固定短语object to“反对”。故填to。4.【解析】responsibility。考查名词。根据our可知此处要用名词,且responsibility是不可数名词。故填responsibility。5.【解析】proudly。考查副词。根据said 可知此处要用副词修饰动词。故填proudly。6.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是experience,指物,且关系词在定语从句中作share w
23、ith的宾语,因此要用that/which。7.【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。根据Zhuo said可知此处要用非谓语动词,且逻辑主语Zhuo与add之间是主动关系,因此要用现在分词。故填adding。8.【解析】sharing。考查固定搭配。固定短语spend time(in)doing sth.“花时间做某事”,根据spent entire days可知此处用现在分词。故填sharing。9.【解析】what。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:他说:“我们希望交流我们对COVID-19患者治疗方案的了解。”根据wanted to communicate可知后接宾语从句,此处缺少宾语从句的
24、引导词;分析宾语从句成分可知,主语是we,谓语是had learned about,缺少宾语,因此要用引导词what。10.【解析】connected。考查形容词。根据feel可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填connected。.语段填空Recently we had a class meeting _(关于我的梦想的话题).Some mentioned the Chinese Dream.And others talked enthusiastically about _(他们对中国梦的理解).We all believe that _(这个梦想将会实现)in the future.I als
25、o talked about my own dream.I have always wanted to be a doctor.Not only _(医生拯救人民的生命),but also they are doing a respectable job.Doctors can help people to_(过上更好的生活)on the topic of my dreamtheir understanding of the Chinese Dreamthis dream will come truecan doctors save peoples liveslive a better lif
26、ewith their professional knowledge._(为了实现我的梦想),I should try to study hard from now on.I must learn as much as I can to get into a good medical college,_(这就让我能为做好充分的准备)the job of a doctor.To realize my dreamwhich I can prepare myself fully for.写作运用补全下面写作,注意定语从句的运用1._(众所周知),high school life is an impo
27、rtant turning point and 2._(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所).My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation.Having had a heated discussion,we agreed on making a video to record 3._(我们在校经历).As is universally knownhigh school campus is an important place where studentsstudy and liveour experi
28、ences at schoolMaterial collecting took us a whole week,4._(在此期间,我们采访了我们的老师,并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面).Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out perfect.5._(播放录像的那一天),it was well received.The students and teachers shared a great time,6._(这当然给了我们很大的成就感).during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school lifeThat day when the video wasplayedwhich surely gave us a great sense of achievement
