1、Unit 4Space Exploration主题:宇宙探索子话题:地球与宇宙奥秘探索对应教材:必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration;选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea ExplorationStep 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
2、goddess touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitkenbasin.Landing on the moons far side is extremely challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft
3、 and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites s
4、cientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”Data about the moons composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether its plans for a future luna
5、r(月球的)base are practical.按要求完成任务1.写出文章中表示宇宙探索的单词和短语。land a spacecraft,the moon,the unmanned Change-4 probe,touched down,land,challenging,radio communication,satellite,orbit,send signals,researchers,on board,scientists,construct,data,the moons composition,lunar(月球的)base 2.你对太空探索持有什么观点?Firstly,explori
6、ng space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.Secondly,space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.Finally,sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the worlds problems and even to find ways to solve them.Step
7、2 固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.determine vt.查明;确定;决定【教材原句】However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(P40)然而,一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。【词块必记】(1)determine to do sth.决心做某事determine on/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事(2)determined adj.有决心的,意志坚定的be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事be de
8、termined that.决心(3)determination n.决定,确定【语境速测】单句语法填空The outcome of this election will be _(determine)by the votes and by the law.Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _(determine).We are _(determine)to rescue his two countrymen.determineddeterminationdetermined【写作金句】He is determined to get
9、 ahead of others in studies,so he works day and night.他决心在学习上胜过别人,所以他日夜努力。2.argue vt.&vi.论证;争辩;争论【典型例句】*I dont want to argue with youjust do it.我不想和你争辩,干吧!【词块必记】(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue for/against(doing)sth.据理力争/反对某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue that.主张/争辩说(2)ar
10、gumentn.争论;争吵;论点have an argument with sb.与某人争吵/争论beyond argument无可争辩熟词生义These latest developments argue a change in government policy.最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。()证明,表明【语境速测】单句语法填空It _(argue)by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes in the past few years.In this article I will point ou
11、t some further explanations,and argue _ one of them.完成句子The committee is concerned about players behaviour,especially _(与争吵)referees.Wed like to ask you to help us _(解决一场争论).has been arguedforarguing withsettle an argument文化金句And what I argue is these are our values,these are ideals,these are the th
12、ings we look up to.我要说明的是,这些是我们的价值观,是理想,是我们所向往的。3.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的【典型例句】One by one,the applicants left the interviews office with disappointed looks on the faces.求职者一个接一个地面带失望的表情离开了面试间。【词块必记】(1)be disappointed at/with/about sth.对失望be disappointed in/with sb.对某人感到失望(2)disappointing adj.令人失望的;
13、令人扫兴的(3)disappoint vt.使失望(4)disappointment n.失望;沮丧to ones disappointment令某人失望的是【语境速测】单句语法填空To my _(disappoint),they refused my request.We were all disappointed _ the news that our picnic was cancelled because of the rain.The author feels _(disappoint)about the solutions to the problem.完成句子The outcom
14、e of the court case _(是令人失望的)for the family involved._(使我失望的是)was that I failed to pass the test.disappointmentat/with/aboutdisappointedwas disappointingWhat disappointed me4.attach vt.系;绑;贴【典型例句】*I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.我别无选择,
15、只有麻烦您帮我修改一下我附在信后的材料。【词块必记】(1)attach sth.to sth.把附在上attach importance/significance to重视,认为重要/有意义(2)attached adj.(作表语)附属于;依恋be attached to附属于;依恋(3)attachment n.附属物;爱慕,依恋【语境速测】单句语法填空On returning home,she found a note _(attach)to the door,reading“Call in later”.Learning strategies,_ which teachers attac
16、h importance,have not yet drawn enough attention of students.The boy is now studying in the middle school _(attach)to the normal university.attachedtoattached句式升级(过去分词短语作状语改写)He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant._,he often plays truant.Attached to the network games so mu
17、ch5.lack vi.&vt.缺乏;没有 n.缺乏【典型例句】*They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.他们缺乏体能锻炼和面对面与朋友们交际的能力。【词块必记】(1)for lack of因缺乏a lack of缺乏(2)lacking adj.短缺的;缺乏的be lacking in缺少【语境速测】单句语法填空More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ lack of
18、 space.This is what motivation or the lack _ it can do.升级句式(动词-ing形式作主语改写)He lacks the confidence in his study,which accounts for why he makes little progress._why he makes little progress.forofLacking the confidence in his study accounts for.核心短语6.result in导致;造成【典型例句】Research has shown that having
19、a preference for junk food can result in obesity.研究表明,偏爱垃圾食品会导致肥胖。【词块必记】as a result of由于(后跟原因)result from起因,由于(后跟原因)with the result that.结果without result毫无结果【语境速测】单句语法填空I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result _ a disaster.As _ result,people will eat more food to try to make up
20、 for that something missing.Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result _ doing too much shopping.文化金句 Competition can be healthy,but if it is pushed too far it can result inbullying.竞争可以是良性的,但如果被推向极端,就会导致恃强凌弱。inaof.经典句式7.Firstly,exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against worl
21、d hunger.首先,探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。【典型例句】Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已经造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。【句型公式】exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:(1)位于句首作主语。(2)用it作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。常用于“It is no use doing.”,“It is no good doing.”,“It is
22、a waste of time doing.”等句型中。(3)动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。【语境速测】完成句子_is not a pleasure but a suffer.在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。_was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。It is a waste of time _.劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。Working in these conditionsTheir coming to he
23、lppersuading such a person to join us【写作金句】Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.在电视上看新闻成了我的常规之事。Learning to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.学会批判性思考是当代小孩未来所必需的一项重要技能。【备选要点】1.beyond prep.在更远处;超出【典型例句】I spent my childhood working,with responsib
24、ilities beyond my age.我的童年是在工作中度过的,承担着与年龄不相符的责任。【词块必记】be beyond sb.使某人无法想象(或理解、做等)beyond belief不可置信beyond control无法控制beyond description难以形容beyond endurance难以忍受beyond expectation出乎意料beyond hope没有指望【语境速测】单句语法填空Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams.Such test is far _ the ability o
25、f the average schoolkid.完成句子Everybody was touched _(无以言表)after they heard her moving story.Its quite _(超出我的理解能力)why such things have been allowed to happen.beyondbeyondbeyond wordsbeyond me【写作金句】It had been a success far beyond their expectations.成功之大远远超过他们的预期。2.run out 用完;耗尽【典型例句】In the future,care
26、 for the environment will become very important as earths natural resources run out.在未来,爱护环境将变得很重要,因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。【误区释疑】run out of 及物动词短语,表示主动含义,主语一般为人run out 不及物动词短语,主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等(常用进行时表将来)use up 用尽;吃光(及物动词短语,人作主语)give out 用完,耗尽(不及物动词短语)【语境速测】完成句子Our food is _,so we must buy some today.我们的食物快没有了,因此
27、今天我们必须买一些。She has _all her money and her patience is also _.她已经把钱花光了,并且她也越来越没有耐心了。Dont _.Leave me some to wash with.不要把肥皂都用完了。留一些给我用。After a month,their food supplies _.一个月以后,他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。running outrun out of/used uprunning outuse up all the soapgave outStep 3 强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020全国卷)While I ten
28、d to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach _ them.2.(2020新高考全国卷)Writing a poem of 120 words will result _disqualification.3.(2020江苏高考)Its not what happens to us that _(determine)our livesits what we make of what happens.toindetermines4.(2020
29、江苏高考)Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered from blindness for lack _ proper treatment.5.(2019天津高考)With a broader perspective,we will be more free,more open-minded,and less _(limit)in what we can become!oflimited.完成句子1.Despite _,he got the job.他虽然经验不足,但还是获得了这份工作。2.Something are _,but y
30、ou can learn much from them.有些事你无法控制,但却可以从中学到很多。3._,he failed again in the driving test.让他很失望的是,他这一次又没有通过驾驶测试。his lack of experiencebeyond controlTo his great disappointment4.It is unwise for the students to _the exam.对学生来说,过分重视考试是不明智的。5.After he left,I just tried to _as normal.他离开之后,我就像往常一样继续努力干。at
31、tach too much importance tocarry on语法填空People have always wanted to learn more about space.Before the mid-20th century,most people felt 1._(travel)into space was an impossible dream.However,2._ the help of scientists,people succeeded in realizing their dream 3._(explore)space.On 4 October 1957,the S
32、putnik 1 satellite 4._(launch)by the USSR.5._ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong,accidents can still happen.These disasters made everyone 6._(disappoint),but people still believe in the importance of travellingwithto explorewaslaunchedAlthoughdisappointed7._(carry)on space exploration.In
33、 2003,China became the third country to 8._(independent)send humans into space.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 9._ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk.In spite of the difficulties,scientists hope future 10._(discovery)will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help u
34、s survive well into the future.carryingindependentlyadiscoveriesStep 4 直击高考培养思维品质核心素养 培养科学探索精神,注重关注科技发展与信息技术创新、信息安全,积极探索地球与宇宙的奥秘高考链接 2020全国卷语法填空;2020全国卷阅读理解B;2020天津高考阅读理解C;2020浙江高考阅读理解B;2019全国卷阅读理解D.话题与阅读理解(2019全国卷阅读理解D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物)from our
35、bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms,like
36、the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think theyre c
37、lose to a solution(解决方案).“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,”says Florence Gold,a project manager.“There are no tests,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other thanAre you working towards your goal?Basically,its Ive got
38、to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and.its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skill
39、s.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.”And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.【文章大意】困扰着美国航天员的细菌问题会如何解决?这一问题求助于一群学生。Gordon领导的学生们一直忙于解决零重力下细菌的问
40、题,他们没有别的作业,一直忙于他们的目标,帮助航天员解决细菌的问题。他们每天都通过HUNCH项目和工程师联系,准备在太空检测可行的解决方法。1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms.D.They damage the instruments.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句.grow uncontro
41、llably.,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可推知细菌在太空很难除去。2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To sharpen students communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with school educatio
42、n.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段特别是第一句话可推知中学的课堂和美国国家航空和航天局的工程师通过HUNCH项目联合,再结合第四段的第一句话可知其目的是实现学校教育和太空科技的接轨,让学生更好地去进行研究。故选D项。3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A.Check their product.B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules.D.Grade their homework.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ive got to p
43、roduce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.和最后一段的最后一句Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.可知学生会把研究结果让工程师在太空检测,以验证他们的方法是否可行。故选A项。4.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA:The Home
44、 of AstronautsB.Space:The Final Homework FrontierC.Nature:An Outdoor ClassroomD.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform【解析】选B。主旨大意题。HUNCH项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起,学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。故选B项。【微技能点拨】快速激发思路 巧解文章标题本文中第4题为主旨大意题,根据策略解题如下:Step 1 确定题干关键词:the best titleStep 2 回到原文准定位:How is NASA
45、 overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.再结合原文进行整体分析。Step 3对比选项找最佳:尝试解答_。B【语用提能】话题词汇astronaut;zero gravity;engineer;project;science;pr
46、ogram;NASA短语句式on surfaces of the International Space Station;practical life skills;in space熟词新义ready:原意为形容词,“做好准备的”,此处“做好准备”为动词。【微语法填空】(2019全国卷阅读理解D改编)Bacteria from our bodies grow 1._(uncontrollable)on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours 2._(clean)them up each week
47、.3._ is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending 4._ NASA HUNCH high school classrooms.uncontrollablycleaningHowonHUNCH 5._(design)to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordons students hav
48、e been studying ways 6._(kill)bacteria in zero gravity,7._ they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案).is designedto killandGordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college 8._(admission)and practical life skills.“These kids are so 9._(absorb)in their studies that I just sit back.I dont tea
49、ch.”And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,10._(make)preparations for a workable solution to test in space.admissionsabsorbedmaking.话题与写作 假定你是李华,你们班对于是否需要太空探索进行了热烈的讨论。请根据下面的提示,用英语写一篇短文。1.大部分赞成:许多新产品,如气象卫星、通信卫星都直接得益于空间研究,使全球人民受益匪浅;
50、2.一些人反对:太空探索浪费时间和金钱;3.你的观点。Step 1 写作技巧1.词汇提升(短语优先)。There are many students who believe that space exploration has more advantages.There are _students who believe that space exploration has more advantages.a majority of2.句式多变(用it作形式主语)。However,others think that space exploration is a waste of time an
51、d money.However,others think that _.3.思维品质(谚语的使用)。_(任何事物都有两面性).In my opinion,though space exploration is a challenge to human beings,it is worth it.it is a waste of time and money to explore spaceEvery coin has two sidesStep 2 妙笔成篇Recently,our class had a heated discussion about whether we need spac
52、e exploration.There are a majority of students who believe that space exploration has more advantages.Many new products,such as weather and communication satellites,are products of space programs,and they have benefited people all over the world.However,others think that it is a waste of time and mo
53、ney to explore space.They point out the fact that it has cost billions of dollars to carry out the space research,but there have been many mysteries with little information brought back.Every coin has two sides.In my opinion,though space exploration is a challenge to human beings,it is worth it.语法填空
54、What will it be like to live on the moon?Volunteers 1._(live)in Yuegong-1,a closed lab 2._ imitates a moon-like environment at Beihang University in Beijing,might be able to answer this question.In January,four volunteers finished spending 200 days in the lab.Never 3._ any person stayed in a closed
55、lab for such a long period of time before the volunteers had their try.It was tough for the volunteers to have both body and mind 4._(adjust)to the environment in the closed lab.5._ their credit,the volunteers set a world record for the 6._(long)stay in a closed lab.Life in Yuegong-1 is busy.Volunte
56、ers get up at 8:30 am and go to bed at 11 pm.Growing food 7._(be)their daily routine.There are more than 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit for them to grow and eat.Volunteers need to record their body temperature,blood 8._(press)and mental state every day.Scientists outside the lab use these data 9._
57、(monitor)their health.The experiment will give scientists information that can be used to create better living areas for 10._(astronaut)in space,the Xinhua News Agencyreported.1.【解析】living。考查非谓语动词。现在分词作定语修饰volunteers,住在月宫一号的志愿者。故填living。2.【解析】which/that。考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为lab,在定语从句中作主语,故填which或that。3.【解
58、析】had。考查部分倒装。否定词在句首,句子需部分倒装,即把助动词提到主语前面。故填had。4.【解析】adjusted。考查非谓语动词。have sth.done,过去分词作宾语补足语,“使某事被做”,此处表示“使身体和思想被调整”。故填adjusted。5.【解析】To。考查介词。to ones credit“值得赞扬的是”,固定搭配,故填To。6.【解析】longest。考查形容词最高级。最长时间的志愿服务,故填longest。7.【解析】is。考查主谓一致和动词的时态。动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,且根据前后时态可知为一般现在时,故填is。8.【解析】pressure。考查名词。blood pressure“血压”。故填pressure。9.【解析】to monitor。考查不定式。动词不定式表目的,此处表示“为了监测他们的健康”。故填to monitor。10.【解析】astronauts。考查名词的复数。为太空中的宇航员们创造更好的居住区域,不止一个宇航员,所以是名词的复数形式,故填astronauts。
