1、Unit 3The InternetDiscovering Useful Structures现在完成时的被动语态【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比完成句子1.The new technology _.这项新工艺得到了更加广泛的采用。2.The decision _and I have got to stand by it.决定已经作出了,我必须要遵守。has been more widely adoptedhas been made【要义详析】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成肯定式主语+have/has been done.否定式主语+have/has not been done.一般疑问式Hav
2、e/Has+主语+been done.?特殊疑问式疑问词+have/has+主语+been done.?*The development of the software has not been finished.这个软件的开发还没有完成。*Has the date for the next conference been decided?下次会议的日期已经决定了吗?*How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了?二、现在完成时被动语态的用法1.现在完成时的被动语态,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already,yet,j
3、ust,never,recently等副词连用。*The engine has already been repaired.发动机已经修好了。2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long.?”句型中。*How long has this bank account been used?这个银行账户已使用多长时间了?3.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。*You shouldnt go out before your homework has
4、 been finished.在你的作业完成之前你不应该出去。【知识延伸】现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,它的结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态,动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但强调这个动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*The house was built last year.这个房子是去年建造的。*The house has been built.We can move in.这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)The greater part of the project _
5、(complete)up to now.(2)When a thing _(use),it is no longer new.has been completedhas been used三、几点注意事项1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。*The local government has already confirmed the news.当地政府已经证实了这个消息。The news has already been confirmed by the local government.2.带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,
6、teach,show,tell,buy,lend,promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。*The company has given him a chance to travel abroad recently.最近,公司给了他去国外旅行的机会。He has been given a chance to travel abroad recently(by the company).A chance to travel abroad has been given to him recently(by th
7、e company).3.非延续性动词如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。*The work was finished two weeks ago.这项工作在两周前已经完成。*The work has been finished.这项工作已经完成。【即学活用】(1)The opening date of the exhibition _.展览会开幕的日期延迟了。(2)All the problems _.所有的问题都解决了。(3)Paper
8、money _for over one thousand years.纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。has been postponedhave been solvedhas been used【语法主题应用】根据下面的提示完成下面小短文。1.在过去的几十年里,互联网得到了很大的改善。2.迄今为止,很多新软件被开发出来并被应用于互联网络。3.很多功能也添加到互联网中,让人们的生活更方便。4.很多搜索引擎也已经开发出来,人们可以从大数据库中查找最新的信息。5.互联网极大地改变了人们的生活。_ _ _ _ _【参考范文】The Internet has been greatly improved
9、 in the past decades of years.So far,a lot of new software has been developed and applied to the Internet.Many functions have been added to the Internet,which has made peoples lives more convenient.Many search engines have been developed.People can look up the most updated information from large databases.Peoples lives have been greatly changed by the Internet.
